3. "Harnessing the opportunity sets
around us to build Initiatives that
can effectively face the triple
Challenge of Poverty, Environmental
Degradation and difficult
Demographic transition in Africa"
TEDxIKOYI
24th MAY 2012

4. !
ADDRESSING OUR LOGIC OF POVERTY
I think that the socio-economic situation today in Africa that we call poverty, is
largely due to our incapacity to efficiently harness the opportunity sets around
us.
The drama of our time is that the potentials and opportunity sets (the
Environmental and Human capitals) that we have on the continent could
drastically reverse the situation and change the socio-economic conditions of
millions of people in this region, but we are yet to develop the capacity to
recognize and harness them.
We in Africa have entered into the logic of Poverty because we are no longer
capable of internally generating the capacities to procure goods and services
that correspond to our needs and desires
The other side of the drama is that passive consumerism and the quick adoption
of other peoples’ experiences, solutions, systems of production and values have
become cheap substitutes for doing the hard work of growing up and developing
native competences and processes that would guarantee sustainable, broad
based and inclusive growth on the continent.

5. SOME OF THE CONSEQUENCES
Registering about 3.6% Rural Exodus in the region “ever increasing urban
decay.’’ “Slumization” instead of Urbanization
A time bomb
WE MUST REVERSE THIS LOGIC OF POVERTY
!
! The challenge therefore before all of us is how to harness these opportunity
sets and in the first step turn the rural sector around to become productive,
efficient and remunerative with the view to seriously tackling the employment
problem, triggering off the other sectors and considerably slowing down the
massive rural exodus in the region. In other words, it is imperative to make our
Agriculture sustainable and competitive. This is an inescapable pathway to
a viable, broad-based and inclusive economy in the region.

6. An
Integrated
model
of
rural
growth
is
key
to
a
broad
based
and
inclusive
development:
AGRICULTURE
IS
A
PART
OF
A
CLUSTER
INDUSTRY
!
For Agricultural growth to become a motor to socio-economic development and the
eradication of poverty it requires the concomitant development of the
secondary and tertiary sectors. There must be dynamic forward and
backward linkages between Agriculture and the other sectors.
! Agriculture does not develop by itself, but requires a complex integrated system
to support it – market its products, and provide inputs, credits and technology
and management.
! An integrated development model that includes these services and linkages
should be embraced. Rural growth will be difficult to take off without these
enabling and complimentary services.

7. DYNAMIC
FORWARD
AND
BACKWARD
LINKAGES
BETWEEN
SECTORS
OF
THE
ECONOMY
TECHNOLOGY
TRAINING

8. THE
MAIN
DRIVERS
IN
THIS
PROCESS
First Driver: A multifunctional Agriculture that is sustainable, viable and
competitive
This Agriculture must be up to the following challenges to constitute a trigger
element.
1) Provide food in sufficient quantity to a population that is increasingly demanding in
term of quality and diversity - Production that delivers sufficient quantities of safe
whole-some food items that assist in disease prevention, healthy living and
healthy ageing.
2) Provide competitive inputs/raw materials for the Agro-Industry
3) Provide feed stock for renewable energy supply - This Agriculture must be
designed to become an energy source instead of an energy sink
4) Provide new environmental products and services- carbon sequestration, Agro-

9. Second
Driver:
Sustainable
and
leapfrogging
Technologies
• Given
the
high
level
of
produc2vity
required
to
kick
start
the
process,
technologies
that
only
guarantee
incremental
growth
will
not
be
enough.
Leapfrogging
and
sustainable
technologies
must
be
deployed.
• Technological
development
therefore
has
a
major
role
to
play
in
the
African
Agro-­‐
business
and
socio-­‐economic.
• The
concept
of
sustainable
development
implies
that
we
can
increase
our
produc2vity
while
protec2ng
and
enhancing
our
environment.
• We
must
develop
technologies
that
would
enable
our
Agriculture
to
produce
more
with
less.
This
is
only
possible
within
an
integrated
system
of
produc2on
where
the
principles
of
synergy,
complimentarity,
supplimentarity
and
nega2ve
entropy
are
in
play.
• It
must
be
noted
that
this
agriculture
will
no
longer
be
primarily
a
chemical
process
like
the
conven2onal
Agriculture,
but
largely
a
biological
process
-­‐
where
our
incredible
environmental
and
biological
capitals
would
be
fully
engaged
and
harnessed.
• We
have
therefore
to
relearn
the
way
we
prac2ce
agriculture.
From
the
way
we
view
the
soil
and
its
fer2lity,
through
the
way
we
maintain,
nourish
and
protect
our
plants
and
animals
to
the
way
we
condi2on
and
market
them.

10. Third Driver: Appropriate Human Resource
! Implementing structures and personnel must be aligned with the dynamics
of integrated development and rural growth.
Integrated Development is a “cross function” or cross cutting dynamics.
It is far from being sectoral. Projects or programs like this would therefore
depend mainly on the quality, character and set up of the organization/group
responsible for its implementation.
! This is one of the major challenges in integrated rural development. The
absence of this “core” competence could adversely impact, not just the
implementation but the outcomes of development programs.
! Multi-skilled Human resource base is therefore imperative: It is only when
the core competence has the authority, capacity and the ability to implement
“cross-cutting and integrated” activities that rural integrated development
programs become realistic.

11. Forth Driver: Social/ cultural/ organizational capital development
• ! Since agriculture is presently carried out by a multitude of subsistent,
largely unorganized small holders and various actors, their willingness and
ability to participate in any program of change is a crucial factor.
• Rural Development is, in effect, a complete transformation of the whole
institutional structure of the rural society.
• Programs must therefore be designed to mobilize, upgrade and empower the
medium and small holders and other indigenous actors for attaining the goals of
Broad-based and Inclusive Rural Growth.
Other Drivers:
5th : Development of innovative sources of Financing
6th:Infrastructural development (Roads and communication) and access to Energy
- especially modular decentralized and renewable sources.
Agriculture: A weapon of mass construction
! This model is already demonstrating that despite a myriad of constraints, it is
possible for agriculture in Africa to develop, prosper and become attractive.
! If these drivers are effectively set into motion in our development programs, our
Agriculture would become a weapon of mass construction and the
development of a broad based and inclusive socio-economic growth that will
effectively fight poverty and bring prosperity to our people.

12. An Innovative Institution is required to implement this vision
The
Songhai
Integrated
system
of
development
is
quite
a
unique
one.
It
is
not
just
your
usual
training,
technology
transfer
or
produc2on
model.
It
is
designed
to
radically
tackle
the
triple
challenge
(Agriculture/Food
Security,
Poverty
and
the
difficult
demographic
transi2on)
facing
African
countries
today
in
their
struggle
for
an
inclusive
and
broad
based
Socio-­‐economic
development.
This
innova2ve
ins2tu2on
has
four
components:
1)
It
is
a
technology
park
where
new
ideas
and
techniques
are
developed
and
contextualized.
2)
It
is
an
Industrial
park/producNon
center
where
the
techniques
and
ideas
are
turned
into
enterprises
and
many
different
types
of
produc2on
ac2vi2es.
3)
It
is
an
incubaNon/training/human
resource
development
center.
Here
no
1
(Technology
park)
and
no
2
(Industrial
park)
become
an
effec2ve
"space"
to
incubate
new
competences.
We
call
them
the
components
of
the
incuba2on
"space".
Songhai
is
a
mother
firm/farm,
an
extension
space
that
produces
func2onal
individuals.
The
Songhai
graduates
are
brought
into
a
logic
of
produc2on
because
Songhai
is
a
producNon,
a
research
and
service
center.
The
teacher/animators/managers
are
first
of
all
producers
and
not
talkers.
The
teachers
are
bare
foot
researchers
who
are
con2nually
searching
for
new
ideas
and
techniques
to
improve
their
produc2vity
and
efficiency.
The
teachers
are
entrepreneurs.
4)
Songhai
is
a
service
center.
The
game
is
not
over
aUer
the
ini2al
forma2on
period.
Services
like
marke2ng,
input
procurement,
networking,
financial/loan
and
advisory
services
are
provided
to
enable
the
young
entrepreneurs
to
stand
on
their
own.

13. Songhai
core
values
are
not
nego8able
• The
founda2on
of
Songhai
is
its
core
value-­‐
Knowledge-­‐
Skill
-­‐
Value
system
(culture
of
discipline,
solidarity,
integrity
and
strong
work
ethics.)
• This
core
value
has
to
be
appropriated
by
its
leaders/managers
and
a
majority
of
its
work
force
for
it
to
work.
• The
inescapable
pathway
in
this
process
therefore
will
be
the
development
of
a
cri2cal
mass
of
individuals
that
have
the
capacity
(knowledge,
skills
and
values
systems)
to
not
only
be
at
home
with
elements
of
this
challenge
(fully
understand
and
comprehend
the
real
needs
and
desires-­‐
from
rural
to
urban
areas),
but
also
have
the
capacity
to
imagine,
innovate
and
develop
appropriate
solu2ons)
• The
Songhai
Ini2a2ve
is
an
expression
of
a
“regenera2ve
social
economy”-­‐
(“Une
Economie
de
communion”-­‐in
French).
This
ini2a2ve,
while
strongly
reaffirming
and
reac2va2ng
the
central
posi2on
of
solidarity
in
social
construc2ons,
goes
steps
further
to
ensure
the
sustainability
of
this
human
value,
giving
it
a
“self-­‐sustaining”
base.
A
central
principle
of
the
Songhai
ini2a2ve
is
that
the
only
way
to
fight
poverty
effec2vely
is
by
making
the
poor
produc2ve.
This
is
another
way
of
re-­‐edi2ng
the
famous
Chinese
saying
that
“it
is
be[er
to
teach
someone
to
fish
than
to
give
him
fish

14. •All
stakeholders
in
the
Songhai
ini2a2ve
are
perpetual
militants
of
the
development
of
a
func2onal
and
responsive
African
human
capital.
•The
Songhai
ini2a2ve
is
a
commitment
to
an
ac2ve
and
genera2ve
use
of
resources.
All
resources
must
be
made
to
circulate
within
the
social
fabric
of
communi2es
to
make
them
reproduce
themselves.
This
ini2a2ve
is
therefore
designed
to
have
a
snowball
and
not
a
trickledown
effect.
It
revitalizes
work
as
the
basic
structure
of
modern
economy
–
the
enterprise.
Here
the
enterprise
becomes
the
focal
point
where
resources
are
oriented
for
the
crea2on
of
wealth.
•There
is
an
inbuilt
vitality,
thanks
to
the
fact
that
it
will
always
be
cons2tuted,
animated
and
facilitated
by
competent
people
–
the
“na2ve
competences”
or
“core
socio-­‐economic
leaders”
described
above
–
that
are
capable
crea2vity
and
solidarity,
especially
towards
the
most
marginalized.
•It
must
be
noted
however,
that
solidarity
in
this
ini2a2ve
is
detached
from
the
usual
prac2ce
of
social
welfare
that
is
characterized
by
perpetual-­‐handouts,
as
seen
in
many
development
programs
in
Africa
and
many
developing
economies.

15. ZERI
Zero Emission
Research Initiative
-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
“Produce
more
with
less”

16. CONVENTIONAL POULTRY PRODUCTION CHAIN
Water
Water Infrastructure Energy
Packaging Refrigeration Accessories
Equipment
CONSUMERS
Water Labor Money
MARKET
Labor Ingredients
COLD STORAGE
Equipment Proc Frozen
essed meat
PROCESSING
Infrastructure and
packa
ged
meat
ABATTOIR
produ
cts
Broilers
HUSBANDRY
Infrastructures
Quails
Day Old Chicks Dressed
Turkeys meat
CONSUMER
Labor MARKET LEVEL
Ducks LEVEL LOSSES
STORAGE
Feed LOSSES
LEVEL LOSSES
Water
Blood Waste Water
Energy By-products
Feather
Bones
Manure Fat
Sewage Waste Water
Dead animals

17. POULTRY CHAIN Bio-gas
Energy
Bio-gas Bio-gas
THE ALTERNATIVE THAT Packaging
Energy Energy
SONGHAI PROPOSES Labor Packaging
Infrastructure
(refrigeration)
Water Equipment Infrastructure PRODUCT
Labor Infrastructure (refrigeration) M
Brewery STORAGE
Equipment P AR
Wastes MEAT SHOP KE
INDUSTRY Infrastructure RO TI
AB CE NG
AT Smoked
PR S
by-products of TO Chicken
OD Dressed
Food processing IR S
UC Poultry ribs
TI I
- Cake (soya, peanuts, Hams
ON Live
palm kernel, cotton, NG
coco, sunflowers…) Poultry Sausages
- Cassava peelings
ANIMAL
Bones NUTRITION
FISH Waste Water
Fertilization of
waste water
Water
Manure AGRICULTURE
aquaculture
feather Compost
BIO-GAS
Maize, Rice, Pond Meat PROCESSING
Sorghum, Soya, Fertilization Blood
Moringa, etc Fertilization
intestine Blood meal ANIMAL
NUTRITION
AGRICULTURE AQUACULTURE AGRICULTURE
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Maggots

18. Integrated Production System
§ Crops
§ Livestock
Primary § Fish
Production § Specialty Items
Technology
Small-Med Marketing
Enterprise & Services
• “Value Added”
• Retail
• Food Processing
• Restaurants
• Manufacturing
• Export
• Construction

19. Integrated Production System
Crop
Production
Bioenergy
Aquaculture Livestock

20. RECYCLING PIG SLURRY FOR RICE PRODUCTION

21. USE OF WATER HYACINTH/AQUATIC PLANTS FOR WATER
PURIFICATION – RECYCLED WATER USED FOR FISH FARMING

22. SONGHAI GREEN WATER
RECYCLING / PURIFICATION SET UP

23. PIGS FEEDING ON AQUATIC PLANTS/ WATER GREENS

24. BIOGAS PRODUCTION

26. ELECTRICITY GENERATION WITH BIOGAS

27. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

28. Songhai Integrated system
Crop
Production
Bioenergy
Aquaculture Livestock

29. COMPOST

30. RAMIAL CHIPPED WOOD - CHIPPING MACHINE

31. RAMIAL CHIPPED WOOD - CHIPPING MACHINE

33. PRODUCTION OF TOMATO
IN ADANI (ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

37. CROP PRODUCTION IN GREEN HOUSE

38. PRODUCTION OF TOMATOES IN GREEN HOUSE

40. TOMATO

41. MARKET
GARDEN
IRRIGATION

43. CARROTS

44. CONSERVATION
AND
STORAGE
OF
VEGETABLES

45. CONDITIONNING
AND
PREPARATION
OF
VEGETABLES
FOR
THE
MARKET

46. GROWING SWEET PEPPER IN GREENHOUSE

47. BELL PEPPER

48. GREENHOUSE IN ADANI (ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

49. GREENHOUSE IN ADANI (ENUGU STATE SONGHAI
INITIATIVE)

50. HOT PEPPER PRODUCTION (SONGHAI ENUGU)

52. GREEN BEANS

53. COMMERCIAL AND INTENSIVE WATER MELON PRODUCTION
IN ADANI (ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

55. INTENSIVE PRODUCTION OF CABBAGES

56. COMMERCIAL AND INTENSIVE PAWPAW PRODUCTION
IN ADANI (ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

57. ENUGU STATE SONGHAI GRADUATES IN THEIR
RICE FIELD

58. NEW RICE ALL YEAR
IRRIGATED
PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE IN
ADANI (ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

59. NEW
RICE
ALL
YEAR
IRRIGATED
PRODUCTION
TECHNIQUE
IN
ADANI
(ENUGU
STATE
SONGHAI
INITIATIVE)

60. NEW RICE ALL YEAR IRRIGATED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUE
IN ADANI (ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

61. INTENSIVE
PRODUCTION
OF
SORGHUM
IS
POSSIBLE
IN
THE
SOUTH
EAST

63. STRAWBERRY

65. INTEGRATED PEST
MANAGEMENT

66. INTEGRATED PEST
MANAGEMENT

69. MUSHROOM

70. BEE KEEPING/HONEY PRODUCTION COMPLEX
IN ADANI (ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

71. BEE KEEPING/HONEY PRODUCTION COMPLEX
IN ADANI (ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

72. BEE KEEPING/HONEY PRODUCTION COMPLEX
IN ADANI (ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

73. MECHANIZED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

76. SOME OF THE TWENTY FIVE NEW TRACTORS ACQUIRED
BY ENUGU GOV. FOR THE GREEN RURAL CITIES IN THE

82. Songhai Integrated system
Crop
Production
Biogas
Aquaculture Livestock

83. LIVESTOCK COMPLEX AT ADANI
(SONGHAI ENUGU)

84. BROILERS CAGES

86. QUAIL EGGS

87. QUAILS

88. INTENSIVE EGG PRODUCTION

89. INTENSIVE EGG PRODUCTION

90. INTENSIVE PULLETS PRODUCTION

91. POLYVALENT POULTRY - EGG / MEAT PRODUCTION

92. EXTENSIVE / FREE RANGE GEESE
PRODUCTION

93. EXTENSIVE / FREE RANGE GUINEA
FOWLS PRODUCTION

94. EXTENSIVE / FREE RANGE TURKEY
PRODUCTION

95. GRASSCUTTERS PRODUCTION

96. PIGS

97. CATTLE

98. LIVESTOCK COMPLEX IN ADANI
(ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

99. Songhai Integrated system
Crop
Production
Biogas
Aquaculture Livestock

100. AQUACULTURE COMPLEX IN ADANI
(ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

101. AQUACULTURE COMPLEX IN ADANI
(ENUGU STATE SONGHAI INITIATIVE)

102. HATCHERY

103. FINGERLINGS

104. FLOATING CAGES FOR FISH FARMING

106. INTENSIVE FISH PRODUCTION

107. INTENSIVE FISH PRODUCTION

108. CATFISH

109. CATFISH

110. CATFISH

111. CARP: 1.5 KG in 12 months

112. CARP: 1.5 KG in 12 months

113. § Crops
§ Livestock
Primary § Fish
Production § Specialty Items
Technology
Small-Med Marketing
Enterprise & Services
• “Value Added”
• Retail
• Food Processing
• Restaurants
• Manufacturing
• Export
• Construction

114. INDUSTRIAL
ZONE

115. FOUNDRY

116. FOUNDRY PRODUCTS

117. MACHINES FABRICATION

118. AGRIC MACHINES

120. PALM OIL PRODUCTION

121. PALM OIL

122. SONGHAI
EXPORTING
AGRIC
MACHINES

123. MAIZE SHELLING

124. MAIZE SHELLING

127. RICE MILL ON PORTO-NOVO SITE

128. RICE MILL IN SONGHAI ENUGU

129. HIGH QUALITY PARBOILED RICE
READY FOR MARKET

130. SOY CAKE AND SOY OIL PRODUCTION

131. WOMEN FISH PROCESSING COOPERATIVE

132. WOMEN PROCESSING CASHEW NUTS

133. CASHEW NUTS READY FOR MARKET

134. FOOD PROCESSING
MACHINES
Songhai new agro industry – Prefilling line for
juice, tomato, water, jam, syrup, soy milk
production

135. Songhai new agro industry – Prefilling &
filling lines for tomato, juice, water, jam, syrup,
soy milk production

138. WOMEN FISH PROCESSING COOPERATIVE

139. Songhai new agro industry – Plastic recycling for
the production of bottle, flower pots, buckets etc

140. Songhai new agro industry – Plastic recycling for
the production of bottle, flower pots, buckets etc

141. Songhai juice bottle – new design

142. Songhai Buckets

143. SOY MILK

144. PINEAPPLE JUICE

148. DRIED MANGO

149. MANGO CONCENTRATES

150. SYRUP
FOR
EXPORT

151. FRUIT
JUICE
BEING
EXPORTED

152. FRUIT
JUICE
BEING
EXPORTED

154. GARI
-­‐LABEL
SONGHAI

156. SMOKED CHICKEN

157. ANIMAL PRODUCT PROCESSING

158. SOAP

159. Songhai Model
§ Crops
§ Livestock
Primary § Fish
Production § Specialty Items
Technology
Small-Med Marketing
Enterprise & Services
• “Value Added”
• Retail
• Food Processing
• Restaurants
• Manufacturing
• Export
• Construction

160. SALE POINT

161. RESTAURANT

165. ECO TOURISM

174. SONGHAI RIVERS

184. CONFERENCE CONFERENCE HALL DANS
HALL DE HALL IN GREEN RURAL CITIES
LES VILLES RURALES VERTES
(SONGHAI ENUGU)

185. CONFERENCE HALL IN GREEN RURAL CITIES
(SONGHAI ENUGU)

186. BRINGING COMMUNICATION TO
GREEN RURAL CITIES
IT is a must in Africa

187. WORLD LEADERS
VISITING SONGHAI

189. THE
UN
SECRETARY
GENERAL
VISITING
SONGHAI

190. FORMER
UN
SECRETARY
GENERAL
VISITING
SONGHAI

191. FORMER
UN
SECRETARY
GENERAL
VISITING
SONGHAI