Alex Rusu. BIOZOON, Alemania.

1. BioTRANSformation of by-products from fruit and
vegetable processing industry into valuable
BIOproducts
A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS & FOOD
INGREDIENTS
03.11.2015, Final Conference TRANSBIO, Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain)

2. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Climb in oil
prices
consumer
demand for
environment
ally friendly
products
Etc… limited
supplies of
non‐
renewable
resources

3. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
A chemical building block (CBB) is a molecule which can be converted to various
secondary chemicals and intermediates, and, in turn, into a broad range of different
downstream uses
Drop-in biobased chemicals
Novel biobased chemicals
bio-based versions of existing petrochemicals
have established markets
Novel bio-based chemicals that cannot be obtained
through traditional chemical reactions
bear higher financial and technological risks for
producers

4. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
BIO-TIC – Biobased Chemical Building Blocks summary report
4,8 b€
10,4 b€
3HPA
succinic
acid
PDO
furfural
isoprene

5. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Direct aplication as a solvent in the chemical industry
3HPA
furfural
a key intermediate for sevetral important bulk chemicals (maleic acid, methyl-
tetrahydrophurane-MTHF, THF, furfuryl alcohol)
is an important C3 building block
Derive several commodity and specialty chemicals as 1,3 propandiol (1,3 PDO), acrylic
acid, acrylamide and other valuable chemicals
PDO
is a diol chemical building block
used in various applications including cosmetic, personal care, coatings as well as to
produce polymers such as PTT (poly trimethylen terephthalate) and polyurethanes.
isoprene
Isoprene is produced by many plants. It is also isolated as by product of cracking
operations designed to produced ethylene
About 95%of isoprene is converted to „synthetic natural rubber“ which is identical with
the material isolated from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis

6. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development

7. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Succinic acidSuccinic acid
 IUPAC systematic name: butanedioic acid
 historically known as spirit of amber
 is a diprotic, dicarboxylic acid
 chemical formula C4H6O4
 structural formula HOOC-(CH2)2-COOH
 white, odorness, solid
 Europe was the largest market globally for
succinic acid in 2013 in terms of value
 Germany is the key consumer of succinic acid
in Europe

8. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
$115.2 million $1.1 billion by 2020
Industrial Alliances and Partnerships for the Production of Bio-based Succinic acid
-Sarah Clark, 2014, World Bio Succinic Acid Market - Opportunities and Forecasts, 2013 – 2020, Allied Market Research;
-Benjamin Cok, Ioannis Tsiropoulos, Alexander L. Roes and Martin K. Patel, 2013, Succinic acid production derived from carbohydrates: An energy and greenhouse gas assessment of a
platform chemical toward a bio-based economy, Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining vol 8, issue 1;
-Succinic acid –a global strategic business report/ The global succinic acid market –trends, drivers & projections (Global Industry Analysts,Inc);
Next generation chemical building blocks and bioplastics (SYNPOL & BioConSepT projects), bioplastics MAGAZINE [04/14] Vol. 9

9. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Succinic Acid chemistry to derivates
Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass, Volume I—Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas, 2004

10. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
1,4-Butanediol (BDO), PBS, plasticizers and polyesters polyols will dominate
the main applications of succinic acid as CBB
Europe bio-succinic acid market revenue by application, 2012-2020 (USD million)
Bio-Succinic Acid Market Analysis by Application (BDO, Polyester Polyols, PBS/PBST, Plasticizers, Alkyd Resins) And Segment Forecasts To 2020, March
2014 | ISBN Code: 978-1-68038-085-9

11. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Industrial aplications
 For curying epoxy resins, polyestersynthesis and other
applic.
 As intermediate in manufacturing of Dyes, perfumes,
laquers, photographic chemicals, alkyd resins,
plasticizers, metal treatement chemical, vechicle water
cooling systems, alkyd resins and coatings and
succinates
 Plasticizer for polymers
 Biodegradable solvents and lubricants
 Engineering plastics
 Adhezive and powder coating
 Corrosion inhibitor
Pharmaceuticals
 In the preparation of active calcium succinate, which acts as anti-
carcinogenic agent and as deodorant for removal of fish odour
 Starting material for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)
 As an additive in formulation, as an insulinotropic agent, and in
drug control release polymers
 Medicines of sedative, antisgasmer, antiplegm, antiphogistic,
anrhoter, contraception etc.
 In the preparation of Vitamin A
 In the preparation of Anti- Inflammatory – Erthyrodiol derivates
 Antidote for toxic substance
Textiles
 Shrink proofing wool
 Modification of polyester resin to improve
dyeing ability
 Modification of caprolactum to improve
viscosity stability and fire resistance
 Modification of aramid fibres when
incorporating a UV absorber
 Preparation of antistats and oil repellents
Agriculture
 Seed treatment to enhance germination,
growth and yield
 Plant growth regulator & accelerator
 Root stimulator for grapes
 Soil chelating agent
 Crop dust antistat
 Cut flower preservative
 Component of barely seed antimut treatment
Photography
 Development accelerators
 Anti-foggants
 Photographic stripping layers
Cosmetics
 Depilatory component
 Acidic ingredient in toothpaste and denture
cleaner Food
 As food ingredient

12. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Based on Global Succinic Acid and Bio Succinic acid Market- Applications in Food & Beverages,
Opportunity Analysis, Market Forecast and Winning Strategies, Size, Share, Overview, Strategies,..., May
2015 • By Occams
Succinic acid –a global strategic business report/ The global succinic acid market –trends, drivers &
projections (Global Industry Analysts,Inc)

13. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Succinic acid as food
ingriedient

14. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Application in food categories
 Antimicrobial/preservative agent e.g. in meat. Succinic acid is lowering the
microbial loads
 Flavour enhancer
 Plasticity of bread doughs can be modified
 Salt replacing/reducing
 pH regulation
 Chelating agent
 Emulsifier
 etc…

15. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Com Reg 872/2012 ‐ List of flavouring substances – adopting Reg 1334/2008
 Succinic acid is listed as a flavouring substance in food, providing a purity of at least
95%
Com Reg 231/2012 ‐ amending Specifications for food additives listed in Reg 1333/2008
E 363 SUCCINIC ACID
Purity
Residue on ignition Not more than 0,025 % (800 °C, 15 min)
Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg
Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg
Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

16. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Com Reg 1129/2011 ‐ amending Annex II in Reg 1333/2008 on food additives
 Labelled as E 363, Succinic acid can be applied in the following food categories
Annex II
Part B – List of all additives
Additives other than colours and sweeteners: E 363 Succinic Acid
Part E – AUTHORISED FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONDITIONS OF USE IN FOOD
CATEGORIES  for E363 Succinic acid
01.: Dairy products and analogues
01.4: Flavoured fermented milk products including heat‐treated products
6000 Maximum level (mg/l or mg/kg as appropriate)
12.: Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads and protein products
12.5.: Soups and broths
5000 Maximum level (mg/l or mg/kg as appropriate)

17. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
14.: Beverages
14.1.: Non‐alcoholic beverages
14.1.4: Flavoured drinks
3000 Maximum level (mg/l or mg/kg as appropriate)
only powders for home preparation of drinks
14.1.5: Coffee, tea, herbal and fruit infusions, chicory etc.
14.1.5.2: Others
3000 Maximum level (mg/l or mg/kg as appropriate)
only powders for home preparation of drinks
16.: Desserts excluding products covered in categories 1, 3 (Edible ices) and 4
(Fruit and vegetables)
6000 Maximum level (mg/l or mg/kg as appropriate)

18. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological DevelopmentA European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
0.7% Succinic acid
→ slightly sour but acceptable
1.5% Succinic Acid
→ very sour
Lime-Yoghurt
The acidity of the succinic acid is rather masking the product flavour than
providing enhanced functionality

19. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological DevelopmentA European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
0.3% Succinic acid reference (water)
→ very sour and salty (unpalatable)
0.3% Succinic Acid
→ very sour
Xanthan + Guar gum & Apple juice
3 steps of thickening applied (Syrup, honey, pudding)
0.15% Succinic acid reference
→ less intensive than at 0.3% but
still unpalatable
0.15% Succinic Acid
→ slightly sour but acceptable
• No influence on the viscosity
• Always slightly sour with a salty aftertaste
• Enhanced acidity in any juice
• Sweetness and fruity flavour disappears

20. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological DevelopmentA European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
0.15% Succinic Acid0.07% Succinic Acid0.04% Succinic Acid
Reference without
Succinic Acid
• Gel strength and water holding capacity decreased with
Succinic acid content
• Acidity and saltiness reduced sweet and fruity taste
• Addition of 0.04% of succinic acid resulted in slightly sour but
still palatable gel
Gellan gum Agar Agar

21. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological DevelopmentA European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
References
• Succinic Acid Market by Source (Petroleum and Bio-based), Application (1,4 BDO, Polyurethane, Food, Resins, Coatings, Pigments, Plasticizers,
Pharmacy, De-icer solutions, PBS, PBST, Solvents & Lubricants, Cosmetics, Others) - Global Trends & Forecast to 2019 , January 2015, Press
releases, MarketsandMarkets.com
• Shri Ramaswamy,Hua-Jiang Huang,Bandaru V. Ramarao, 2013, Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries
• Michele Aresta,Angela Dibenedetto,Franck Dumeignil,2015 ,Biorefineries: An Introduction
• METEX and SK Chemicals sign agreement for bio-PDO, bioplasticsmagazine.com
• Harry H. Szmant, 1989, Organic Building Blocks of the Chemical Industry
• BIO-TIC – Biobased Chemical Building Blocks summary report
• Bio-Succinic Acid Market Analysis by Application (BDO, Polyester Polyols, PBS/PBST, Plasticizers, Alkyd Resins) And Segment Forecasts To 2020,
March 2014 , Grand View Research, ISBN Code: 978-1-68038-085-9
• Sarah Clark, 2014, World Bio Succinic Acid Market - Opportunities and Forecasts, 2013 – 2020, Allied Market Research
• Benjamin Cok, Ioannis Tsiropoulos, Alexander L. Roes and Martin K. Patel, 2013, Succinic acid production derived from carbohydrates: An energy
and greenhouse gas assessment of a platform chemical toward a bio-based economy, Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining vol 8, issue 1
• Succinic acid –a global strategic business report/ The global succinic acid market –trends, drivers & projections (Global Industry Analysts,Inc)
• Next generation chemical building blocks and bioplastics (SYNPOL & BioConSepT projects), bioplastics MAGAZINE [04/14] Vol. 9
• Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass, Volume I—Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas, 2004
• Global Succinic Acid and Bio Succinic acid Market- Applications in Food & Beverages, Opportunity Analysis, Market Forecast and Winning
Strategies, Size, Share, Overview, Strategies..., May 2015 • By Occams
• Com Reg 872/2012 - List of flavouring substances – adopting Reg 1334/2008
• Com Reg 231/2012 - amending Specifications for food additives listed in Reg 1333/2008
• Com Reg 1129/2011 - amending Annex II in Reg 1333/2008 on food additives

22. A European Project supported within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development
Thank you
for your attention!