The document discusses computer crimes and cyber crimes under Pakistani law. It defines computer crimes such as copyright violation, cracking codes, cyberbullying and various types of computer viruses. It then outlines specific cyber crimes in Pakistan such as spreading false information about an individual, making or spreading explicit images without consent, cyberstalking, and hacking for stalking. The punishments for these crimes under Pakistani law include prison sentences up to 7 years and fines up to 10 million Pakistani rupees.

1. Security,
Copyright and
The Law
Syed Zaid Irshad

2. Outline
– Computer Crime
– Computer Viruses
– Cyber Crimes and Their Punishments in Pakistan

3. Computer Crime
– Alternatively referred to as cybercrime, e-crime, electronic crime, or hi-tech
crime.
– Computer crime is an act performed by a knowledgeable computer user,
sometimes referred to as a hacker that illegally browses or steals a company's
or individual's private information.
– In some cases, this person or group of individuals may be malicious and destroy
or otherwise corrupt the computer or data files.

4. Computer Crime
– Copyright violation
– Stealing or using another person's copyrighted material without permission.
– Cracking
– Breaking or deciphering codes that are being used to protect data.
– Cyber terrorism
– Hacking, threats, and blackmailing towards a business or person.
– Cyberbully or Cyberstalking
– Harassing or stalking others online.

5. Computer Crime
– Cybersquatting
– Setting up a domain of another person or company with the sole intentions of selling
it to them later at a premium price.
– Creating Malware
– Writing, creating, or distributing malware (e.g., viruses and spyware.)
– Denial of Service attack
– Overloading a system with so many requests it cannot serve normal requests.
– Espionage
– Spying on a person or business.

6. Computer Crime
– Fraud
– Manipulating data
– Harvesting
– Collect account or another account related information on other people.
– Identity theft
– Pretending to be someone you are not.
– Illegal sales
– Buying or selling illicit goods online including drugs, guns, and psychotropic
substances.

7. Computer Crime
– Intellectual property theft
– Stealing practical or conceptual information developed by another person or company.
– IPR violation
– An intellectual property rights violation is any infringement of another's copyright, patent,
or trademark.
– Phishing
– Deceiving individuals to gain private or personal information about that person.
– Salami slicing
– Stealing tiny amounts of money from each transaction.

8. Computer Crime
– Scam
– Tricking people into believing something that is not true.
– Slander
– Posting libel or slander against another person or company.
– Software piracy
– Copying, distributing or using software that is Copyrighted that you did not purchase.
– Spamming
– Distributed unsolicited e-mail to dozens or hundreds of different addresses.

9. Computer Crime
– Spoofing
– Deceiving a system into thinking you are someone you are not.
– Typo squatting
– Setting up a domain that is a misspelling of another domain.
– Unauthorized access
– Gaining access to systems you have no permission to access.
– Wiretapping
– Connecting a device to a phone line to listen to conversations.

10. Computer Virus
– A computer virus is a malicious program that self-replicates by copying itself to
another program.
– A computer virus operates in two ways:
– The first kind, as soon as it lands on a new computer, begins to replicate.
– The second type plays dead until the triggered kick starts the malicious code.
– Viruses can be spread through email and text message attachments, Internet
file downloads, and social media scam links.
– Your mobile devices and smartphones can become infected with mobile viruses
through shady App downloads.

11. Computer Virus
– RESIDENT VIRUS: Resident viruses set up shop in your RAM and meddle with
your system operations. They’re so sneaky that they can even attach
themselves to your anti-virus software files.
– MULTIPARTITE VIRUS: This virus infects the entire system. Multipartite viruses
spread by performing unauthorized actions on your operating system, folders,
and programs.
– DIRECT ACTION: This virus targets a specific file type, most commonly
executable files (.exe), by replicating and infecting files. Due to its targeted
nature, this virus type is one of the easier ones to detect and remove.

12. Computer Virus
– BROWSER HIJACKER: Easily detected, this virus type infects your browser and
redirects you to malicious websites.
– OVERWRITE VIRUS: Like the name implies, overwrite viruses overwrite file
content to infect entire folders, files, and programs.
– WEB SCRIPTING VIRUS: This sneaky virus disguises itself in the coding of links,
ads, images, videos, and site code. It can infect systems when users download
malicious files or visit malicious websites.
– FILE INFECTOR: By targeting executable files (.exe), file infector viruses slow
down programs and damage system files when a user runs them.

13. Computer Virus
– NETWORK VIRUS: Network viruses travel through network connections and
replicate themselves through shared resources.
– BOOT SECTOR VIRUS: One of the easier viruses to avoid, this virus hides out in a
file on a USB drive or email attachment. When activated, it can infect the
system’s master boot record to damage the system.

14. Computer Virus
– 8 Most Famous Computer Viruses of All Time:
– CryptoLocker
– CryptoLocker spread through email attachments and encrypted the user’s files so that they couldn’t
access them.
– ILOVEYOU
– While ILOVEYOU sounds like a cheerful bon mot you might find printed on the inside of a Valentine’s
Day card, it’s actually far, far more sinister than that. ILOVEYOU is one of the most well-known and
destructive viruses of all time. ($15 billion.)
– MyDoom
– MyDoom, like ILOVEYOU, is a record-holder and was the fastest-spreading email-based worm ever.
MyDoom was an odd one, as it hit tech companies like SCO, Microsoft, and Google with a Distributed
Denial of Service attack. ($38 billion)

15. Computer Virus
– Storm Worm
– Storm Worm was a particularly vicious virus that made the rounds in 2006 with a subject
line of ‘230 dead as storm batters Europe’. Intrigued, people would open the email and
click on a link to the news story and that’s when the problems started.
– Sasser & Netsky
– Sasser spread through infected computers by scanning random IP addresses and
instructing them to download the virus. Netsky was the more familiar email-based worm.
($31 billion)
– Anna Kournikova
– Jan De Wit, a 20-year-old Dutch man, wrote the virus as ‘a joke’. The subject was “Here
you have, ;0)” with an attached file called AnnaKournikova.jpg.vbs. ($166,000)

16. Computer Virus
– Slammer
– Slammer is the kind of virus that makes it into films, as only a few minutes after
infecting its first victim, it was doubling itself every few seconds. (Around $1 billion)
– Stuxnet
– Stuxnet is easily the scariest virus on the list as it was built by government engineers
in the US with the intention of obstructing nukes from being built in Iran. (Unknown)

17. Cyber Crimes and Their
Punishments in Pakistan
– Spreading False Information about an Individual: up to 3 Years in Prison or up to
Rs. 1 Million in Fine or both
– Making / Spreading Explicit Images or Videos of an Individual: up to 5 Years in
Prison or up to Rs. 5 Million in Fine or both
– Making / Spreading Explicit Images or Videos of Minor: up to 7 Years in Prison or
up to Rs. 5 Million in Fine or both
– Cyber stalking: Up to 3 Years in Jail or Up to Rs. 1 Million in Fine or both
– Making Videos/Pics and Distributing without Consent: Up to 3 Years in Jail or Up
to Rs. 1 Million in Fine or both

18. Cyber Crimes and Their
Punishments in Pakistan
– Hacking Email / phone for Stalking: Up to 3 Years in Jail or Up to Rs. 1 Million in
Fine or both
– Cyber Stalking with a Minor: Up to 5 Years in Jail and up to Rs. 10 Million in Fine
– Hate speech: Up to 7 Years in Prison or fine or both
– Spamming: Three Months of Prison or Fine up to Rs. 5 Million or Both
– Spoofing: Up to 3 Years in Jail or Fine up to Rs. 500,00 or both
– Malicious Code: Up to 2 Years in Jail or up to Rs. 1 Million in Fine or Both
– Unauthorized Access to Information System or Data: up to 3 Months Prison or
up to Rs. 50,000 Fine or both