The document discusses the history and development of pediatric nursing. It begins by defining pediatrics and pediatric nursing. It then covers the treatment of children in primitive societies, ancient civilizations, and the impact of Christianity. The document also discusses the development of pediatric nursing in Europe, the United States, and developing countries. Key events and developments that shaped pediatric nursing are highlighted, such as the establishment of children's hospitals and the passing of laws to protect children's rights and welfare.

1. A.SWAROOPA
MSC
PEDIATRICS NURSING

2. The term pediatrics is derived from
the “greek” word pedia (means
child or pertaining to child) Iatrike
(means treatment), Ics
( branch of science).

3.  Pediatric nursing is “the practice of
nursing with children, youth, and their
families across the health continuum,
including health promotion, illness
management, and health restoration”.
“BENKELE”

4.  It is “ the art and science of giving
nursing care to children from birth
through adolescent with emphasis on
the physical growth, mental,
emotional and psycho-social
development “.
GOOGLE.COM

5.  Study of pediatrics began in the last of
1800s under the influence of Prussian born
physician, Abraham Jacobi (1830-1919)
referred as “the father of pediatrics”.
 The end of the 19th century is often regarded
as “the dark ages of pediatrics”.
 The first half of the 20th century is regarded
as “the dawn of improved health care for
children”.

6. HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
PEDIATRIC NURSINGCHILDREN IN PRIMITIVE SOCIETY
DURING ANCIENT CIVILIZATION
IMPACT OF CHRISTIANITY ON CHILD CARE
THE CHILD IN THE UNITED STATES
MODERN CONCEPTS OF PEDIATRICS

7. Early primitive people were nomads, where
they were moving constantly to search for
food and safety from wild animals.
The society ruled that malformed & sick
children would drain the resources of the
group.
The sick child was killed or left behind.

CHILDRENINPRIMITIVESOCIETY

8. Some times infants were killed simply
because they were females, who could
not contribute as much productive
labor to the group as males could. This
practice is termed as female infanticide.

9. Some primitive person was believed that
the birth of a defective infant was also
Punishment for previous transgressions of
the parents.
Child physical care & receiving love &
affection used to depend on the cultural
group and tribe of the mother.

10. The childin ANCIENTCIVILIZATIONs
The concept of the importance of child to
society gradually improved instead of liability
the child slowly became an asset to society.

11. IN EGYPT:
1500 BC, children received treatment, which
differed from that given to adults with good care .
Egyptian children were cared for by dressing
infants in loose clothes and breast-feeding was
encouraged.
They encouraged children to learn as well as to
participate in out door activities.

12. GREECE & ROME:
PHYSICAL BEAUTY WAS CONSIDERED IMPORTANT
BY THE EARLY INHABITANTS OF GREECE; THUS
CHILDREN WERE RARED SO THAT THEY WOULD HAVE
WELL FORMED BODIES.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FAMILY WAS STRESSED IN
ROME BECAUSE ITS FUNCTION WAS TO RAISE
STRONG SONS TO BECOME WARRIORS WHO COULD
SERVE THE STATE.

13. ISRAEL:
AMONG THE ANCIENT JEWS THE HYGIENIC
MEASURES WERE IMPROVED IN
MATERNAL & CHILD CARE.
HEBRIEW:
PEOPLE RECOGNISED THE IMPORTANCE OF
CLEANESS & NUTRITION.
THEY ALSO RECOGNISED THE COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES AND MADE EFFORTS TO CONTROL
THEM.

14. THEY BELIEVED THAT THE RELIGIOUS CEREMONY
OF CIRCUMCISSION PRACTICED ON MALE INFANTS
SERVED AS A HEALTH MEASURE AS WELL.
PARENTHOOD WAS HONOURED AMONG THE
HEBRIEWS, A LARGE FAMILY WAS CONSIDERED A
SIGN OF “GODS BLESSING” UPON THE PARENTS.

15. IMPACTOF CHRISTIANITYON CHILDCARE:
CHRISTIANITY TAUGHT THE VALUE OF THE CHILD
AS AN INDIVIDUAL .
SINCE CHRISTIANITY ALSO TAUGHE THE
PROTECTION OF THE WEAK BY THE STRONG &
CARE OF THE ILL BY THE WELL, THE CHRISTIAN
CHURCHES STARTED TAKING CARE OF SICK &
ORPHAN CHILDREN FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE
HISTORY.

16. THE CHILD IN EUROPE:
BEFORE THE 19TH CENTURY LIFE EPECTENCY IN
EUROPE WAS SHORT.
MANY PARENTS DID NOT LIVE LONG ENOUGH TO
REAR THEIR CHILDREN DUE TO CONTAGEOUS
DISEASES .
YOUNG MEN DIED IN THE WAR OR FROM INJURIES
.
WOMEN MARRIED EARLY AND HAD LARGE
FAMILIES.

17. THE MATERNAL DEATH RATE WAS HIGH.
THESE CONDITIONS RESULTED IN MANY ORPHENED
CHILDREN.
ASYLUMS INITIALLY FOUNDED FOR THE CARE OF
DEPENDENT CHILDREN IN 787 AD.
THOUGH THE NUMBER OF ASYLUMS WERE
INCREASED THE CHILDREN USED TO DIE DUE TO THEIR
POOR HYGENIC CONDITIONS, OVER CROWDING,
LACK OF NUTRITION, LACK OF SANITATION, POOR
QUALITY OF CARE AND LACK OF ASEPTIC
TECHNIQUES.

18. THE DARKEST PERIOD IN CHILD CARE IN GREAT
BRITAIN & WESTERN EUROPE WAS BEGINNING OF
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION DURING THE 1800’s.
CHILDREN OF 6-12 YEARS USED TO WORK IN
COTTON MILLS FOR 10 OR MORE HOURA A DAY.
THEY OFTEN FELL ASLEEP AT THEIR WORK AND
ACCIDENTS WERE MORE COMMON & THEIR WAGES
WERE SO LOW, MILL OWNERS EMPLOYED THEM IN
LARGE NUMBERS.

19. THE CHILD IN THE UNITEDSTATES:
BY THE MIDDLE OF 19 TH CENTUARYLARGE
SLUMS WERE GROWN IN NEWYORK MORBIDITY
& MORTALITY RATES OF INFANTS & CHILDREN
WERE HIGH DUE TO OVER CROWDING &
UNSANITARY CONDITIONS.
DURING THIS PERIOD CONTAMINATED MILK
LEAD TO SERIOUS INTESTINAL DISODERS
AMONG THE INFANTS & CHILDREN.

20. MILK FROM TUBERCULOUS COWS CAUSED
MANY CASES OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG
MANY CHILDREN.
THE CONDITION OF NEGLECTED,
ABANDONED AND SICK CHILDREN
AROUSED PUBLIC AND PROFESSIONAL
SYMPATHY.

21. THE CHILDIN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES:
The emphasis of pediatric nursing, fifty
years ago, was on the care of the ill children
in either the hospital or physician’s office.
Today, dramatic changes in the care of
children occurred, where the emphasis has
broadened to include prevention of illness
and accidents; the holistic health care; and
the nursing care of children within their family
constellation.

22. 1771- New York Hospital one of the 1st
teaching hospitals in USA provided
classroom presentations designed for
nurses caring children..
1790-first orphanage was established.
1851- The Hospitals for sick children
was founded in London.

23.  1855- one of the earliest known pediatric
text book “How to Nurse Sick Children” was
published.
 1855- The Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, USA was founded.
 1860-Dr.Jacobi in New york established first
children's clinic.

24.  1867-1940 , Lillian Wald – The Founder of Public
Health or Community Nursing.
 1880- pediatric section of American medical
association was organized.
 Children Hospital training school in San Francisco
offered formal classes to educate nurses in the
care of ill children.
 During this period the role of the nurse was taking
care of children and they were responsible for
maintaining nutrition, hygiene and hydration.

25.  They played a major role in controlling the
spread of communicable disease by
observing sanitary measures.
 1886- Nurses practiced in home without
direct physician supervision.
 1893- Lillian Wald opened the Henry Street
settlement house, which provided medical
social, cultural and education services to
the poor children.

26.  1896-Nurses Association Alumni of the
United States and Canada was founded.
Later it became the American Nurses
Association.
 1903- Recognition of pediatric Nurse was
Initiated.
 1909- President Roosevelt started first
White House conference on children.

27.  1912- The US Children Bureau was
established as a result of this conference.
(children health and environment).
 During this time the creation of better
standards of care for mothers and children
started and it led to the “1st maternity and
infants Act”. And it influenced for the
creation of the “American Academy of
Pediatrics (AAP)”
 1917-first child labor law was passed.

28. 1935: the social security act for health and care
of children became law.
1940- Spits and Roberson identified the effects
of Isolation and Asepsis, maternal deprivation.
1946-The United Nations International Children
Emergency Fund was created by United
Nations. (UNICEF).
1948-The World Health Organization (WHO)
was created .

29. 1959-The 14th general assembly of the United Nations
approved the declaration of Child Rights.
1963: SOCIAL SECURITY ACT FOR MATERNAL AND
INFANT CARE.
1965: SOCIAL SECURITY ACT FOR COMPREHENSIVE
HEALTH CARE FOR DEPRIVED CHILDREN.

30.  1970- Health became a more comprehensive
concept. Nurses began to view children
holistically i.e., in relation to their biophysical,
cognitive affective and social needs.
 1974-The child abuse and prevention Act &
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency prevention Act.
 1975-Social security Act for children.

31. 1980-The Child Welfare Act.
1982: missing children act national computer
information network to identify missing
children.
1986-The National Child hood Vaccine Injury
Act.
Child survival act

32. •1965- Elementary and secondary Education
Act.
•1973- Rehabilitation Act.
•1975- Education for all Handicapped Children
Act. (Mandated free appropriate education for
all children with disabilities below 3-18 yrs
old.

33.  1990- Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act (IDEA). – including autism
and traumatic brain injury. (Up to 21 years).
 2001- No Child left behind Act.
 CONCLUSION:
the nurse has a responsibility both as a
citizen & professional individual to assure
that the needs of children and their families
are met.

34. SUMMARY