insect pest identification of rice, maize and wheatSuraj Poudel
This is a photo presentation of insect pest of rice,maize and wheat prepared by me..
All the pest photos used while making this presentation was downloaded from the Google so the the copyright of these photos belongs to the respective photographer/owner.
insect pest identification of rice, maize and wheatSuraj Poudel
This is a photo presentation of insect pest of rice,maize and wheat prepared by me..
All the pest photos used while making this presentation was downloaded from the Google so the the copyright of these photos belongs to the respective photographer/owner.
biological control of mealy bugs by australian lady bird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri.
The adult as well as the larval cryptolaemus feed on all stages of mealy bugs.
Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...Nikhil Kumar
IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996).
An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by
I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance,
II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and
III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens.
The
biological control of mealy bugs by australian lady bird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri.
The adult as well as the larval cryptolaemus feed on all stages of mealy bugs.
Implementation and impact of IPM. Safety issues in pesticide use. Political, ...Nikhil Kumar
IPM packages tested at several research centres vis-a-vis the farmers’ practices indicate superiority of the former. IPM practices enabled reduction in the number of chemical sprays. IPM system also resulted in increase of natural enemies by three-fold, reduced the insecticide and environmental pollution (Dhaliwal and Arora, 1996).
An integrated strategy for the management of major pests and diseases is possible by
I. breeding new varieties with built-in resistance,
II. evolving efficient methods of pest control through pest surveys and monitoring, and
III. biological control of pests with the help of conservation and augmentation of natural enemies like parasites, predators and insect pathogens.
The
Rice is one of the most important staple food crops all over the world. Almost 98% of the world’s rice production is alone from the Asian subcontinent. China ranks first in the production and productivity of the paddy crop while India occupies the next spot. According to IIRR (Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad) nearly 40% of the total yield losses in paddy is caused alone only due to Paddy blast. This disease was first reported in China in 1637. Later it was reported on 1706 in Italy and there this was called as ‘Brusone’ disease as the affected fields looks like burnt appearance. This disease is also called as rich man’s disease and rice fever disease as it taking place in high temperature.
Napier stunt disease is transmitted by a leafhopper vector Maiestas (=Recilia...ILRI
A presentation prepared by Obura E., Midega C., Zeyaur K., Pickett J. and Masiga D. for the ASARECA/ILRI Workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010.
MANAGEMENT TACTICS USED AGAINST STORED GRAIN PESTS .pptxSahil Sahu
Title: Management Tactics Against Stored Grain Pests to Reduce Post-Harvest Losses
Stored grain pests pose a significant threat to global food security, causing extensive post-harvest losses. This article explores the importance of managing stored grain pests, common pests, and various management tactics.
**Introduction:**
Stored grain pests damage grains, leading to qualitative and quantitative losses. Factors such as favorable climates contribute to pest growth. Pest categories include internal and external feeders, with severity determining major and minor pests.
**Importance of Management:**
Effective stored grain management is crucial as infestations can lead to post-harvest losses, spoilage, reduced market demand, and economic crises. Studies estimate pre-harvest losses of 15–100% and post-harvest losses of 10–60% in developing countries, with Coleoptera and Lepidoptera being economically significant.
**Common Stored Grain Pests:**
1. **Rice weevil:** Internal feeder, 3mm long, larvae feed inside grains.
2. **Lesser grain borer:** Dark brown, 3mm long, bores into grains.
3. **Red flour beetle:** Reddish-yellow, larvae and adults cause damage.
4. **Cigarette beetle:** Light brown, bores into tobacco products.
5. **Potato tuber moth:** Pale green larvae bore into tubers.
6. **Rice moth:** Larvae damage grains under silken webs.
7. **Angoumois grain moth:** White larvae, 5mm long, cause damage.
8. **Indian meal moth:** White larvae with light-brown head, web over grains.
9. **Khapra beetle:** Yellowish-white larvae, 4mm long, eat near embryo.
**Management Tactics:**
1. **Sanitation:** Keep the storage area clean, remove old grain, and debris.
2. **Temperature Control:**
- Cooling: Slows pest reproduction (<25℃).
- Heating: Kills pests (@ 60℃ for 24 hrs).
- Freezing: Below -18℃.
- Alternating temperature: Exposure to high temperature followed by cooling.
3. **Chemical Control:**
- Insecticides (e.g., Pyrethroids, Organophosphates).
- Fumigation (e.g., Phosphine, methyl bromide).
- Grain protectants (e.g., Diatomaceous earth, botanicals).
4. **Biological Control:**
- Parasitoids (e.g., parasitic wasps).
- Predators (e.g., ground beetles).
- Microbial control (e.g., Beauveria bassiana).
5. **Physical Control:**
- Cleaning.
- Moisture control (<14%).
- Temperature control (<25℃).
**Conclusion:**
Stored grain pests threaten global food security, causing substantial post-harvest losses. Effective management involves a combination of physical, chemical, and biological control methods, as well as preventive and monitoring strategies.
**References:**
The article cites various sources, including studies, extension services, and presentations, providing comprehensive insights into stored grain pest management.
Antagonistic and biocontrol potential of Trichoderma asperellum ZJSX5003 a...Anamika Rana
T. asperellum ZJSX5003 had the best antagonistic activity.
Seed coating with chemical fungicides were not effective against CSR due to its non-lasting preventative effects after the seedling stage.
Hydrolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites significantly contributed to antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against FG.
Trichoderma spp., have an active metabolism and produce large amounts of enzymes.
In vivo greenhouse test, confirmed that T. asperellum ZJSX5003 is an effective potential strain against FG.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
2. 2
Insect pest of Rice
a) Stem borers
1. Yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertula
2. Gall fly or Gall midge, Orseolia oryzae
GM
3. 3
Insect pest of Rice
b) Leaf feeders
1.Whorl maggot, Hydrellia sasakii
2. Swarming caterpillar, Spodoptera mauritia
3. Case worm, Nymphula depunctalis
4. Leaf folder, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis
Marasmia patnalis
5. Skipper butterfly, Pelopides mathias
GM
4. 4
Insect pest of Rice
b) Leaf feeders …
6. Green horned caterpillar,
Melanitis leda ismene
7. Hispa or spiny beetle, Dicladispa armigera
8. Grass hopper,
Oxya nitidula
Hieroglyphus banyan
GM
5. 5
Insect pest of Rice
c) Sap feeders
1. Thrips, Stencheatothrips biformis
2. Green leafhopper, Nephotettix nigropictus
N. cincticeps , N. impicticeps
3. White leaf hopper, Cofana spectra
4. Zig zag leaf hopper, Recilia dorsalis
5. Brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens
6. Ear head bug, Leptocorisa acuta
GM
10. 10
Fecundity:
•15-80 eggs/Adult
- in mass near tip on upper surface of
tender leaf blade during night and cover
them with buff coloured hairs and scales –
derived from anal tuft.
• 2-3 egg masses /female
• Incubation period : 5 – 8 days
GM
11. 11
• One larva bores into the stem near nodal region
• Usually 1 larva/stem, but 2-4 larvae/stem also
reported
• Larva – Migratory
• come out of stem and prepare an enclosing case
• infest new plant
GM
• Pale white with dark brown head and
prothoracic shield
• Enter leaf sheath and feed for 2-3 days
Larva:
12. 12
Larva.. Cont..
• Larval period – 33 - 41 days
• length – 20 mm
• Before pupation, larva plug the exit hole
GM
Pupa: in silken cocoon
• Dark brown
• 12 mm long
• Pupal period - 6-10 days (may get prolonged
depending upon the weather condition)
13. 13
Moth
• Attracted to light
• Female:male – 2:1
• Cold weather
• high humidity &
• low temperature
15. 15
Hollow cavity in the rice stem
Symptoms of Rice gall midge
Orseolia oryzae
Diptera : Cecidomyiidae
Silver shoots of gall midge larvae.
GM
Onion Leaf
20. 20
Damage field leaves dry up and turn white
Floating larval case
Leaf blades are cut as by scissors
Larval head come out from case
Rice case worm
Nymphula depunctalis
Lepidoptera : Pyralidae
GM
AGB 3201 :Plant Protection and Epidemiology – Rice ecosystem-Insect pests Dr.G.Mikunthan
55. 55
End of Part 1:Insect pests
GM
AGB 3201 :Plant Protection and Epidemiology – Rice ecosystem-Insect pests Dr.G.Mikunthan
Acknowledgement:
1. International Rice Research Institute, Philippines
2. Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Sri Lanka