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8afoodanddigestion 120607150628-phpapp01
1.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20051 of 27 KS3 Biology 8A Food and Digestion
2.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20052 of 27 8A Food and Digestion Contents A balanced diet The digestive system Summary activities Digestive enzymes
3.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20053 of 27 Humans need to consume a balanced diet which contains a variety of different types of food. The main nutrients the body needs are: carbohydrates for energy; proteins for growth and repair; fats to store energy; vitamins and minerals to keep the body healthy. Why do we need food? The amount of each food type needed is related to the proportions in the food pyramid. Which food type does the body need the most of?
4.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20054 of 27 Nutrients in food
5.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20055 of 27 What is a balanced diet?
6.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20056 of 27 Starchy foods contain carbohydrates which are made of long chains of identical small sugar molecules. carbohydrate molecule What are carbohydrates? one sugar molecule The long chains of carbohydrates are broken down into the smaller sugar molecules by the body. The small molecules from carbohydrates are used by the body to release energy and make the body work.
7.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20057 of 27 Proteins, like carbohydrates, are made of long chains of small molecules. In proteins, these small molecules are not identical. What are proteins? protein molecule one amino acid Proteins are made up of chains of small molecules called amino acids. There are over 20 different kinds of amino acid. Proteins are used by the body for growth and repair.
8.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20058 of 27 Fats are made up of fat molecules which contain fatty acids and glycerol. What are fats? fat molecule glycerol Fat molecules have to be broken down by the body so that they can be used for energy storage. Fats are also used by the body to keep heat in and to make cell membranes. fatty acids
9.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 20059 of 27 8A Food and Digestion Contents A balanced diet The digestive system Summary activities Digestive enzymes
10.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200510 of 27 The body carries out digestion of food to convert large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble ones. carbohydrate molecule protein molecule fat molecule Small food molecules can pass through the walls of the small intestine and then dissolve into the blood stream. Large food molecules cannot do this. What is digestion?
11.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200511 of 27 Digestion begins in the mouth where food is broken down by the teeth. This is called mechanical breakdown. The small parts of food are mixed with saliva and swallowed. Mechanical digestion
12.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200512 of 27 After food is swallowed it enters the stomach, which is basically a muscular bag filled with hydrochloric acid. The stomach muscle tissuefood leaves the stomach food enters from the gullet Two things happen to food in the stomach: the chemical breakdown of food begins; microbes are destroyed.
13.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200513 of 27 From the stomach, food enters the small intestine where digestion is completed and the small digested food molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream. The small intestine
14.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200514 of 27 After the small intestine, the remains of any undigested food travel to the large intestine. All that is left of the food is water and waste material. The water is valuable and so is absorbed in the large intestine into the blood stream. The waste material cannot be digested or used by the body. This undigested waste travels to the rectum where it is stored until leaving the body through the anus. The large intestine
15.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200515 of 27 Digestion summary
16.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200516 of 27 8A Food and Digestion Contents A balanced diet The digestive system Summary activities Digestive enzymes
17.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200517 of 27 Digestive enzymes How do digestive enzymes help the process of digestion? Digestive enzymes are the chemicals that break large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules.
18.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200518 of 27 Digestive enzymes are the chemicals that break large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules. Digestive enzymes are classified by the type of food that they affect, so there are three main types: Different types of digestive enzymes carbohydrase – breaks carbohydrate into smaller sugars. protease – breaks protein into amino acids. lipase – breaks fat into fatty acids and glycerol.
19.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200519 of 27 Digestive enzyme animation
20.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200520 of 27 Carbohydrates are chains of identical sugar molecules. The digestive enzymes called carbohydrases break the chemical bonds between the individual sugar molecules in each carbohydrate chain. carbohydrase long carbohydrate molecule sugar molecules Enzymes and carbohydrate digestion
21.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200521 of 27 Proteins are made up of amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids. Proteins are digested by digestive enzymes called proteases. These enzymes work in an acidic environment to break proteins into smaller amino acids. protease long protein molecule amino acid molecules Enzymes and protein digestion
22.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200522 of 27 Fats are digested in two stages: Firstly, bile (released by the gall bladder) allows the fat to “mix” with water by breaking the fat into smaller droplets. This is called emulsification. Secondly, the digestive enzyme lipase breaks each fat molecule into the smaller glycerol fatty acid molecules . bile lipase + fat molecule glycerol fatty acids Enzymes and fat digestion
23.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200523 of 27 Digestive enzymes activity
24.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200524 of 27 8A Food and Digestion Contents A balanced diet The digestive system Summary activities Digestive enzymes
25.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200525 of 27 GlossaryGlossary carbohydrate – A nutrient in food that provides energy. enzyme – A chemical that helps digestion by breaking large molecules into smaller ones. fat – A nutrient in food that provides a store of energy. large intestine – The organ where water is removed from undigested food. minerals – Compounds in food that provide the elements needed in small amounts for a healthy diet. protein – A nutrient in food needed for growth and repair. small intestine – The organ where digestion is completed and digested food molecules are absorbed. stomach – The organ where food is mixed with acid and enzymes. vitamins – Substances found in food that are needed in small amounts for health.
26.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200526 of 27 Anagrams
27.
© Boardworks Ltd
20041 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 200527 of 27 Multiple-choice quiz
Notas do Editor
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Answers to “Which foods are rich in each nutrient?” activity: carbohydrates: pasta, baked potato, bread proteins: fish, steak, soya beans, peanuts, eggs, cheese fats: butter, steak, peanuts, eggs, cheese vitamins: broccoli, bananas, oranges, carrots minerals: steak, broccoli, bananas, oranges, eggs, carrots, cheese fibre: broccoli, bran cereal, bananas, soya beans, oranges, baked potato, bread, carrots water: water, oranges
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