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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
This illustration contains several discussion points relating to cell structure, and could form the basis of a debate about the similarity between a cell and a city/country. For example, both cells and cities/countries:
produce their own power: represented by pink/red buildings (mitochondria)
have a central controlling organisation: represented by tall building in centre (nucleus)
have border controls: represented by perimeter wall (membrane/wall)
have storage facilities: represented by the harbour and lakes (vacuoles)
import food and gas: represented by oil tankers
some can produce their own food: represented by green building (chloroplast)
export waste: represented by dumper trucks
have good communication links with neighbours: represented by communications satellites (neurones and hormones)
have good defence: represented by heavily-armoured ships and white boats (white blood cells)
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Photo credit: Eye of Science / Science Photo Library
Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of sperm (blue) attempting to penetrate a human egg (red). Each sperm (spermatozoa) has a rounded head and a long tail with which it swims. Women usually release one egg (ovum) per month, whereas men release millions of sperm in each ejaculation. Only one of these sperm can penetrate the egg's thick outer layer (zona pellucida) and fertilise it. Fertilisation occurs when the sperm's genetic material (deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA) fuses with the egg's DNA. When this occurs the egg forms a barrier to other sperm. Magnification: x650 when printed 10 centimetres wide.
Teacher notes
One micrometer (µm), also known as a micron, is equal to one-millionth of a meter. 1 µm = 0.000001 m.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
This activity could be used to gauge students’ existing knowledge of the major organelles in animal and plant cells.
Teacher notes
Appropriately coloured voting cards could be used with this classification activity to increase class participation.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Photo credit: Dr. Gopal Murti / Science Photo Library
Light micrograph of squamous epithelial cells from the human mouth. These flat, scale-like cells have oval nuclei (purple) and granular cytoplasm. The epithelia are tissues that cover all body surfaces, cavities and tubes apart from the blood and lymph vessels. Epithelial cells form a protective layer within the mouth. Normally, they rest on a basement membrane which separates the epithelium from underlying connective tissue. Blood vessels do not extend beyond the basement layer, and epithelial cells are dependent on oxygen and metabolites diffusing from underlying tissue. Magnification: x1000 at 35mm size.
Teacher notes
This five-stage animation shows how to make and examine a cheek cell. Suitable prompts could include:
How are animal cells different to plant cells?
Why are cheek cells a good example of a typical animal cell?
Which organelles can you identify within the cheek cells?
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
This click and reveal activity could be used to check students’ understanding of the organelles found in animal cells.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
See the ‘Growth and Development’ presentation for more information about stem cells and human growth.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
This click and reveal activity could be used to check students’ understanding of animal cell structures and function.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
This matching activity could be used as a plenary or revision exercise on animal cells. Students could be asked to complete the questions in their books and the activity could be concluded by the completion on the IWB.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Photo credit: Andrew Syred / Science Photo Library
Light micrograph of the epidermis of an onion, showing the bands of large, rectangular cells. The spot in the centre of each cell is its nucleus. Magnification: x200 at 35mm size.
Teacher notes
This five-stage animation shows how to make and examine an onion cell. Suitable prompts could include:
How are plant cells different to animal cells?
Why are onion cells a good example of a typical plant cell?
Which organelles can you identify within the onion cells?
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
This click and reveal activity could be used to check students’ understanding of the organelles found in plant cells.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
See the ‘Growth and Development’ presentation for more information about meristems and plant growth.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
This click and reveal activity could be used to check students’ understanding of plant cell structures and function.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
This matching activity could be used as a plenary or revision exercise on plant cells. Students could be asked to complete the questions in their books and the activity could be concluded by the completion on the IWB.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
Some animal cells have a small/temporary vacuole involved in digestion or secretion.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
Chloroplasts are between 2 µm and 10 µm in diameter.
Teacher notes
This activity could be used to check students’ understanding of cell structure and function. Students could work individually or in small groups, with mini-whiteboards used to convey the answers.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
See the ‘Photosynthesis’ presentation for more information on photosynthesis.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
This three-stage sequence introduces the link between genes and proteins before the mechanism of protein synthesis is explored on the next slide.
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
This six-stage sequence shows how proteins are made. Suitable prompts could include:
What is the name of the three-dimensional structure of DNA?
What are the base-pairing rules?
Why does the messenger RNA move out of the nucleus?
How many bases are involved in the code for one amino acid?
How will protein synthesis differ in different specialized cells?
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
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Boardworks GCSE Additional Science: Biology
Animal and Plant Cells
Teacher notes
This multiple-choice quiz could be used as a plenary activity to assess students’ understanding of animal and plant cells. The questions can be skipped through without answering by clicking “next”. Students could be asked to complete the questions in their books and the activity could be concluded by the completion on the IWB.