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1. By Susan Graham
A Black Feminist Thought

2. Ain’t I a Woman?
..."That man over there says that women need to be
helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to
have the best place everywhere. Nobody helps me any
best place. And ain't I a woman?..."Look at me! Look
at my arm. I have plowed, I have planted and I have
gathered into barns. And no man could head me. And
ain't I a woman?" ..."I could work as much, and eat as
much as man - when I could get it - and bear the lash as
well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne children and
seen most of them sold into slavery, and when I cried
out with a mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me.
And ain't I a woman?"
1797 –1883
abolitionist, author, human rights
activist

3. Maria Stewart
(1803 –1879)
African American public speaker,
abolitionist, and feminist
“Shall it any longer be said of the daughters of Africa,
They have no ambition, they have no force?
By no means.
Let every female heart become united…..”

4. Fannie Barrier Williams
(1855 –1944)
African American Educator and
women's rights activist
“The colored girl… is not known and hence not
believed in; she belongs to a race that is
designated by the term “problem,” and she lives
beneath the shadow of that problem which
envelopes and obscures her.”

5. “In my dreams and visions, I seemed
to see a line, and on the other side
of that line were green fields, and
lovely flowers, and beautiful white
ladies, who stretched out their arms
to me over the line, but I couldn't
reach them no-how. I always fell
before I got to the line.”
Harriet Tubman
1820-1913
Civil War Nurse, Suffragist, Civil Rights
activist

6. “At present, our country
needs women's idealism and
determination, perhaps
more in politics than
anywhere else.”
Shirley Chisholm
1924-2005
Congresswoman, educator, and author

7. “Freedom and justice cannot be parceled
out in pieces to suit political
convenience. I don't believe you can
stand for freedom for one group of
people and deny it to others.”
Coretta Scott King
1927-2006
Civil Rights, Women's rights, Human rights, Equal rights
Activist, Author

8. Other Voices of the Past

9. Economic Dimension: The exploitation of Black women’s labor essential to
U.S. capitalism – the “iron pots and kettles” symbolizing Black women’s
long-standing ghettoization in service occupations.
Political Dimension: Forbidding Black women to vote, excluding from
public office, and withholding equitable treatment in the criminal justice
system all substantiate the political subordination of Black women.
Ideological Dimension: Negative stereotypes applied to African-American
women have been fundamental to Black women’s oppression.
The Dimensions of Oppression

10. Discovering, Reinterpreting, & Analyzing the works of individual U.S. Black
women thinkers (locating unrecognized and unheralded works, scattered
and long out of print)
Discovering, Reinterpreting, & Analyzing the ideas of subgroups within the
larger collectivity of U.S. Black women who have been silenced
Reinterpreting existing works through new theoretical frameworks
Searching for its expression in alternative institutional locations and among
women who are not commonly perceived as intellectuals (the concept of
intellectual must be deconstructed)
Collaboration leadership among those who participate in the diverse forms
that Black women’s communities now take.
The Development of Black Feminist Thought

11. Black women’s subordination within Intersecting oppressions of race, class, gender,
sexuality and nation.
Diverse responses to common challenges with Black feminism: No homogenous
Black woman’s standpoint exist. Many factors explain diverse responses (social class
differences, sexuality signals, and varying ethnic and citizenship statuses.
Black feminism occurs through an ongoing dialogue whereby actions and thought
inform one another .
Black feminist intellectuals are central to Black feminist thought: Black feminist
scholars in studying oppression among black women are less likely to walk away
when the obstacles seem overwhelming or when he rewards for staying diminish.
Black feminism is dynamic and changing: The changing social conditions that
confront African-American women stimulate the need for new Black feminist
analyses of the common differences that characterize U.S Black womanhood.
Black feminism is part of a wider struggle for human dignity, empowerment, and
social justice.
Why U.S. Black Feminist Thought

12. Alice Walker
Author, Poet
“And so our mothers and
grandmothers have, more often
than not anonymously, handed on
the creative spark, the seed of the
flower they themselves never
hoped to see - or like a sealed
letter they could not plainly read.”

13. Look at the Stars
Michelle Obama
First Lady
Shawna R. Kimbrell
First Black Woman
Fighter Pilot
Oprah Winfrey
Richest African American
in the 20th Century
Toni Morrison
Nobel Prize in Literature
Maya Angelou
Writer
Presidential Medal of Freedom
Aretha Franklin
Queen of Soul
Halle Berry
First Black Woman to
win the Oscar
Dr. Mae Jemison
First Black Woman
Astronaut
Serena Williams
World No. 1 Woman Tennis Player
(July, 2002)
Condoleezza Rice
First African-American woman
Secretary of State

14. Current Day Voices
Rev. Dr. Katie G. Cannon
First African-American woman
ordained in the United
Presbyterian Church
Bell Hooks
Social Activist
Alice Walker
Author, Poet
Michele Wallace
Feminist Author
Barbara Smith
Lesbian Feminist
Angela Davis
Political Activist
Toni Morrison
Novelist, Editor, Professor
Patricia Hill Collins
Feminist Author

15. Pioneering Superheroines
Aisha Campbell – Mighty Morphin
Yellow Ranger
Aisha was the 1st African American female
Yellow Ranger in Power Rangers History.
Tanya Sloan – Zeo Yellow
Ranger/Yellow Turbo Ranger
Tanya is the First female Yellow
Ranger who wore a skirt.

16. Pioneering Superheroines
Shelby Watkins – Pink Dino Charge
Ranger
Shelby is the 1st African American Pink Power
Ranger in Power Rangers History!!
Shelby is also the first Pink Ranger on a dinosaur-
themed Power Rangers team to have a triceratops
motif
Storm/Ororo Munroe-Iqadi T'Challa – X-Men
member and leader
Storm, is the descendant of an ancient line of African
priestesses, all of whom have white hair, blue eyes, and the
potential to wield magic.
Storm has been considered as a potential Omega Level
Mutant One of the primary sources of her powers is the
Earth's electromagnetic field.

17. Mama exhorted her
children at every opportunity
to 'jump at the sun.'
We might not land on
the sun, but at least we would
get off the ground.
1891-1960
Folklorist, anthropologist, novelist, short story writer
Jump at the Sun
- Zora Neale Hurston