This slide contains brief description on air pollution

2. WHAT IS AIR POLLUTION?
• The presence of chemicals or compounds in the air which are usually
not present and which lower the quality of the air or cause
detrimental changes to the quality of life (such as the damaging of the
ozone layer or causing global warming)
• Contamination of air by discharge of harmful substances

3. WHAT ARE AIR POLLUTANTS?
• Natural and artificial airborne substances that are introduced into the
environment in a concentration sufficient to have a measurable effect
on humans, animals, vegetation or building materials
AIR POLLUTANTS
Based on
Origin
Primary &
Secondary
Air Pollutants
States of matter
Gaseous &
Particulate
Air Pollutants
Presence in
environment
Indoor &
Outdoor
Air Pollutants

4. According to ORIGIN
• PRIMARY: Oxides of Sulphur ,Oxides of Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide, Radioactive
Compounds, etc.
• SECONDARY: Ozone, photochemical smog, etc.
According to STATES
OF MATTER
• GASEOUS: Carbon Monoxide. Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Sulphur oxides, etc.
• PARTICULATE: Dust, Fog, Smoke, Fumes, Ash, Spray ,etc
According to
PRESENCE IN
ENVIRONMENT
• INDOOR: Cleaning agents, Mosquito repellents, Pesticides, Cigarette smoke, Gases from
stoves, etc.
• OUTDOOR: Automobile pollutants, Mining pollutants, Natural emission from decaying &
animals, etc.

5. MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS , THEIR SOURCE &
EFFECTS
POLLUTANT SOURCES EFFECTS
1. Sulphur oxides Thermal power plants & industries Eye & throat irritation, cough, allergies,
impair enzyme function in respiratory
system, reduces exchange of gases from
lung surfaces
2. Carbon monoxide Vehicular emissions & burning of
fossil fuels
Difficulty in breathing, severe headache,
unconsciousness
3. Carbon dioxide Burning of fossil fuels Impairs reflexes, vision, headache & heart
strain
4. Nitrogen oxides Thermal power plant, industries &
vehicles
Irritation & inflammation of lungs,
bronchitis, asthma & impairs enzyme
function in respiratory system
5. Suspended Particulate
Matter(SPM)
Vehicular emission & burning of fossil
fuels
Lung irritation, pulmonary malfunction &
reduces development of RBCs
6. CFC Refrigerator, emission from jets Global warming, depletion of
stratospheric ozone layer

6. POLLUTANT SOURCES EFFECTS
7. Ozone Automobile emissions Asthma, chest pain, emphysema, breathlessness & chronic
bronchitis
8. Lead Leaded petrol emissions Damage to brain & CNS, kidneys & interference with
development of RBCs
9. Coal dust &
particles
Coal mines Black lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis which lead to respiratory
failure

7. SMOG –term was 1stused by Dr H A Des Voeux
• SMOKE + FOG = SMOG
• A chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides & volatile organic
compounds in the atmosphere
• Visible as a brown haze
• Formation :-

8. EFFECTS OF SMOG
• Hampers visibility & harms the environment
• Respiratory problems
• Deaths relating to bronchial diseases
• Decreases UV radiation

9. FLY ASH
Residue generated in combustion of coal & comprises fine particles
India alone produce 75 million tons of fly ash
IMPACTS:-
Comprises toxic heavy metals like Ni, Cd, etc.
Accumulate in respiratory tract & cause poisoning
Premature death due to emission from coal plants
Produce radiation
Ash sludge destruct mangroves, crop yields & pollute ground water

10. FLY ASH :-
FLY ASH BRICKS :-
CementRoad
Others
Agriculture
Bricks &
Tiles
FLY ASH
UTILIZATION
Mine
filling

11. CONTROL MEASURES
• Selection of suitable fuel( fuel with low Sulphur content)
• Modification in industrial process or equipments to reduce emission
• Selection of suitable manufacturing site e.g. setting of industries at a
distance of residential areas, etc.
• Destroying the pollutants by thermal or catalytic combustion
• Conversion of the pollutants to less toxic form
• Control of particulate matter- by using electrostatic precipitator &
scrubbers
• Control of gaseous pollutants- by combustion, absorption & adsorption
• Control of automobile pollutants- use of efficient engine, catalytic
converter filters, lead free petrol, CNG

12. ELECTROSTATIC
PREPICIATOR
SCRUBBER

13. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
1. NATIONAL AIR QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMME- by Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB), INDIA
To control SOx level by using CNG in Delhi
Reduction of Sulphur in diesel &
Use of LPG instead of coal as a domestic fuel
2.NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NAAQS)
For 12 pollutants- SO2, NO2, ozone, lead, CO, nickel, Benzene,
Ammonia, Benzopyrene, Arsenic, Particle matter having size less than 10 micron and size
less than 2.5 micron.
3. NATIONAL AIR QUALITY INDEX
By Prime Minister in April 2015
For 8 pollutants- PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, O3, CO, NH3 & Lead