1. MotivationMotivation
Theories and Practice,
DESINGED BY,
MR.P.SURESH,LECTURER

2. Theories About MotivationTheories About Motivation
Wide range of theories
– Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
• Hierarchy of needs
– David Clarence McClelland (1917-1998)
• Need for achievement
– Frederick Hertzberg (1923-2000)
• Dual factor theory

3. Motivation - MaslowMotivation - Maslow
Physical (comfort) needs
Safety and shelter
Love and belonging
Hierarchy of needs
Self-esteem
Self-
actualisation

4. Self actualisation needsSelf actualisation needs
be enthusiastic and supportive
encourage projects and plans
be positive about the future
promote optimism
teach students how to learn

5. Motivation - MaslowMotivation - Maslow
Physical (comfort) needs
Safety and shelter
Love and belonging
Hierarchy of needs
Self-esteem
Self-
actualisation

6. Self-esteem needsSelf-esteem needs
encourage independence
praise appropriately whenever possible
welcome ideas
treat students with dignity
celebrate good work by students

7. Motivation - MaslowMotivation - Maslow
Physical (comfort) needs
Safety and shelter
Love and belonging
Hierarchy of needs
Self-esteem
Self-
actualisation

8. Love and Belonging (FeelingLove and Belonging (Feeling
Accepted) NeedsAccepted) Needs
show you care
promote interaction between students
promote a cohesive class climate
use team building exercises

9. Motivation - MaslowMotivation - Maslow
Physical (comfort) needs
Safety and shelter
Love and belonging
Hierarchy of needs
Self-esteem
Self-
actualisation

10. Safety and Shelter (Safe from harm)Safety and Shelter (Safe from harm)
needsneeds
maintain confidentiality/privacy as
necessary
treat students fairly
observe and chart accurate information
give students a clear structure to
work in
follow safety rules when necessary

11. Motivation - MaslowMotivation - Maslow
Physical (comfort) needs
Safety and shelter
Love and belonging
Hierarchy of needs
Self-esteem
Self-
actualisation

12. Physical (comfort) needsPhysical (comfort) needs
provide adequate breaks
ensure comfort
arrange seats according to need
be alert to heating and ventilation
requirements

13. Motivation - MaslowMotivation - Maslow
Physical (comfort) needs
Safety and shelter
Love and belonging
Hierarchy of needs
Self-esteem
Self-
actualisation

14. McClellandMcClelland’s ‘Need for’s ‘Need for
Achievement’ theoryAchievement’ theory
Three needs
– Need for authority and power
– Need for affiliation
– Need for achievement
Link to parental expectations
Research by Rosenthal and Jacobson
(1968)

15. Herzberg’s ‘Motivation-Hygiene’ theoryHerzberg’s ‘Motivation-Hygiene’ theory
Two independent scales:
– Satisfaction and No Satisfaction
• These are the motivators
– Dissatisfaction and No Dissatisfaction
• Hygiene or maintenance factors

16. Comparison of Hygiene andComparison of Hygiene and
MotivatorsMotivators
 Hygiene Factors
– College policies
– Teacher habits
– Working conditions
– Relationship with peers
– Status
– Security
These factors contribute to
dissatisfaction.
 Motivators
– Recognition
– Achievement
– Work itself
– Responsibility
– Opportunity for
advancement
– Growth
These factors contribute to
satisfaction.

17. Reading for Motivation/ClassroomReading for Motivation/Classroom
Management.Management.
 Petty, G. (2004) Teaching Today 3rd
Ed. Cheltenham, Nelson
Thornes
Chapters 6 & 8
 Reece, I. & Walker,S. (2000) Teaching Training and Learning: a
practical guide 4th
Ed.,Sunderland Business Education
Publishers Ltd.
Chapter 2 section 8; Chapter 5 section 13;
 Atherton, J. S. (2004) Teaching and Learning: Motivation [On-
line] UK: Available:
http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/motivation.htm
Accessed: 5 July 2005