Psychology Emotions

1. EMOTIONS

2. Definition of Emotion
Came from the Latin word ''emovere'' which
means ''to move out''.
 Subjective reactions to experiences that are
associated with physiological and behavioral
changes(According to Woolfolk)
 Feelings that generally have both physiological and
cognitive elements and that influence behavior(Acc.
to Feldman)
 Considered as the building blocks of personality


3. Basic Emotions (Matlin,1992)
Emotion
Function
FEAR
PROTECTION
ANGER
DESTRUCTION
JOY
INCORPORATION
DISGUST
REJECTION
ACCEPTANCE
REPRODUCTION
SADNESS
REINTEGRATION
SURPRISE
ORIENTATION
ANTICIPATION
EXPLORATION

4. ASPECTS OF EMOTIONS:
Personal emotional experiences
- characteristics of emotion which people
consciously feel, know and describe verbally
Physiological or bodily changes
- occur during the emotion
Behavior of the person
- how one acts and what one does
Motivational aspect


5. 3 Ways in Which Emotions Vary:
1.Intensity
- shows through the distinction we make between
grief and sadness, between fear or panic, or
annoyance and fury
2.Similarity
- emotions have tones; another is reflected in our
acceptance of the fact that joy and disgust
3.Polarity
- some emotions are opposite or polar to each other

6. Functions of Emotions
3 MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF EMOTIONS
( BY FELDMAN )
1.Preparation for action
- we are able to respond to changes in our environment
because our emotions enable us to prepare to respond to
the stimulus in our surroundings
2.Shaping future behavior
- one factor that shapes our future behavior is our
emotion.
- constant exposure to stimuli that stir our emotions
enables us to learn, relearn and unlearn a certain
behavior.

7. 3.Helping us interact more effectively with others
- we are interacting with one another almost every
time.
- understanding our emotions and emotions of others
enables us to symphatize with others

8. Physiological Components of Emotions
1.Dilation of the Pupils
5.Muscle Tremor and
Tension
2.Breathing Pattern
Changes
6.Salivary Secretion
3.Heart Rate Changes
7.Pilimotor Response
(Goosebumps)
4.Blood Pressure Usually 8.Galvanic skin response
Rises
(Skin Conductance)

9. Types of Emotional Reactions
Anger- the primary occasion for anger is when a goal
seeking activity is hindered.
Depression or grief- situations which cause
depressive or grief reactions are similar to those that
produce anger. The major difference is that there is
more of the element of finality in depressive states
than in angry situations.
Fear- one of the most troublesome emotional
reactions.
Love- mainly involves a focusing of strong positive
feelings on a person.


10. JAMES-LANGE Theory of Emotion


The concept of William James and Carl Lange about
emotion is that we are having emotional experiences as the
result of the body's reaction to the environmental
stimulation.
We experience emotions as a result of our physiological
changes that produce specific sensation.
REACT
 CRY
 STRIKE
INTERPRET
 SAD
 ANGRY

11. Facial Feedback Theory of
Emotion
A major approach to the James-Lange Theory;

This emphasized on the facial expressions.

It is believed that the facial expressions hold the
key in initiating the experience of emotions


12. Cannon-Bard Theory





Walter Cannon and Philip Bard proposed a different view
on explaining the nature of human emotions.
Walter and Philip believed that both physiological arousal
and emotional experience are produced simultaneously by
the same stimulus
In perceiving certain stimulus which produces emotion, the
thalamus initiates a response that signals the Autonomic
Nervous System (ANS) and a visceral response is produced.
Also, the thalamus sends messages to the cerebral cortex for
the understanding of the emotional experiences.
The thalamus plays a major function in processing an
emotional response or experience.

13. THE CANNON-BARD
THEORY
STIMULUS
Cerebral
Cortex
AWARENESS
OF
EMOTIONS
THALAMUS
Autonomic
Nervous
System
(ANS)
PHYSIOLOGIC
AL
REACTION

14. SCHACHTER-SINGER THEORY


Formulated by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer, this
theory emphasized that we express emotions through a
combination of physiological arousal and environmental cues.
We experience emotion based on the physiological arousal and
our assessment on our current situation
PHYSIOLOGICAL
AROUSAL
STIMULUS
THALAMUS
OBSERVATION
OF ENVIRONMENTAL
CUES
IDENTIFYING
EMOTIONS

15. LAZARUS Cognitive Meditational Theory

It is the stimulus that causes emotional reaction. However,
this emotional reaction undergoes the process of cognitive
appraisal mediatus or ''to come between'', which means
that before the actual physical arousal and emotional
experience the person first interprets the arousal before
experiencing physiological and emotional experience.
STIMULUS
APPRAISAL
(mediate)
EMOTIONA
L
EXPERIENC
E
PHYSIOLOGICA
L
RESPONSE