O.L.E.DO.L.E.D
(Organic(Organic LightLight EmittingEmitting
Diode)Diode)
SUMIT SHRESTHASUMIT SHRESTHA
1/12/FET/BIT/2/0121/12/FET/BIT/2/012
6ITB6ITB
Presented by:Presented by:
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INTRODUCTION
 Organic light emitting diode(OLED).
 Emerging Technology for displays in devices.
 Main principle behind OLED technology is
electroluminescence.
 Offers brighter, thinner, high contrast, flexible
displays.

What is an OLED ?What is an OLED ?
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
 An OLED is a light emitting diode (LED)
which emissive electroluminescent layer is
composed of a film of organic compounds.
 OLEDs are solid state devices composed of thin
films of organic molecules that is 100 to 500
nanometres thick
 They doesn’t require any backlight. i.e., they
are self emitting
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• Electroluminescence (EL) is an optical
phenomenon and electrical phenomenon in
which a material emits light in response to
an electric current passed through it, or to a
strong electric field
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HISTORY
 The first OLED device was developed by Eastman
Kodak in 1987.
 In 1996, pioneer produces the world’s first
commercial PMOLED.
 In 2000, many companies like Motorola, LG etc
developed various displays.
 In 2001, Sony developed world’s largest full colour
OLED

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HISTORY
(CONTD.) In 2002, approximately 3.5 million passive matrix
OLED sub-displays were sold, and over 10 million
were sold in 2003.
 In 2010 and 2011, many companies announced
AMOLED displays.
 Many developments had take place in the year
2012 And Still Counting….

ARCHITECTURE OF OLEDARCHITECTURE OF OLED
• SUBSTRATE.
• ANODE
• ORGANIC LAYER:
1-Conductive layer
2-Emmisive layer
• CATHODE.
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How OLEDs Emit LightHow OLEDs Emit Light
• The battery or power supply of the
device containing the OLED applies
a voltage across the OLED.
• An electrical current flows from the
cathode to the anode through the
organic layers. (an electrical
current is a flow of electrons)
• At the boundary between the
emissive and the conductive layers,
electrons find electron holes.
• The OLED emits light.

Types of OLEDsTypes of OLEDs
• Passive-matrix
• Active-matrix
• Transparent
• Top-emitting
• Flexible
• White
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1. Passive-Matrix OLED (PMOLED)
• Perpendicular cathode/anode
strip orientation
• Light emitted at intersection
(pixels)
• External circuitry
– Turns on/off pixels
• Large power consumption
– Used on 1-3 inch screens
– Alphanumeric displays

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• Full layers of cathode, anode,
organic molecules
• Thin Film Transistor matrix
(TFT) on top of anode
– Internal circuitry to
determine which pixels to
turn on/off
• Less power consumed then
PMOLED
– Used for larger displays
2. Active-Matrix OLED (AMOLED)

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3. Transparent OLED(TOLED)
• Transparent substrate,
cathode and anode
• Bi-direction light emission
• Passive or Active Matrix
OLED
• Useful for heads-up display
– Transparent projector
screen
– Glasses

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4. Top-emitting OLED(TEOLED)
• Non-transparent or
reflective substrate
• Transparent Cathode
• Used with Active Matrix
Device
• Smart card displays
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5. Foldable OLED
• Flexible metallic foil
or plastic substrate
• Lightweight and
durable
• Reduce display
breaking
• Clothing OLED

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6. White OLED
• Emits bright white light
• Replace fluorescent
lights
• Reduce energy cost for
lighting
• True Color Qualities
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FEATURES
 Flexibility.
 Emissive Technology.
 Light weight and thin.
 Low power consumption.
 High contrast, brighter and perfect display from all
angles.
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APPLICATION OF OLEDAPPLICATION OF OLED
• Televisions
• SONY
• LG transparent TV
• Cell Phone screens
• Wrist Watch
• Computer Screens
• Laptops
• Desktops
• Bendable Devices
• Portable Device displays
• Philips Go Gear MP3 Player 18

BENDABLE OLED DISPLAYBENDABLE OLED DISPLAY
Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) technology is threatening
the Liquid Crystal Display, or LCD, standard because of its
flexibility, low power consumption and versatility.
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OLED DATA GLASSOLED DATA GLASS
Developed by Students at the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany
A pair of interactive data eyeglasses that can project an image
onto the retina from an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) micro-
display, making the image appear as if it's a meter in front of the wearer.
Similar headwear only throws up a static image,
Just the movement of the eyeball, to scroll through information.
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•The power consumption of the OLED panel is only dependent
on the pixels that are lit in the images.
•OLEDs have dynamic power consumption when displaying
different images.
•LCD with backlights consumes essentially constant power
disregarding the images that are displayed.
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ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
• Faster response time than LCDs
• Consume significantly less energy
• Can be transparent when off
• Flexible and Conformal Displays
• Thinner display-No backlight required
• Better contrast ratio
• Safer for the environment
• Wider viewing angles; up to 170 degrees
• OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster
then LCDs
• Low cost materials and fabrication method
• Less Expensive than LCD due to lesser
components
• Can be made using plastic screens; LCDs
require glass backing
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CONSTANT CONTRAST RATIOCONSTANT CONTRAST RATIO
• Wide viewing angle.
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FAST RESPONSE TIMEFAST RESPONSE TIME
OLED LCD
Fast response time means full motion graphics can beFast response time means full motion graphics can be
displayeddisplayed
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Current OLEDsCurrent OLEDs

Future of OLEDs?Future of OLEDs?

ROLL TO ROLL PRINTINGROLL TO ROLL PRINTING
•The flexible OLED element capable of being produced using
roll-to-roll printing technology.
•The ROLLED project under European researchers coordinated
by VTT.
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FUTURE USES FOR OLEDFUTURE USES FOR OLED
 Manufacturers focusing on
finding a cheap way to
produce.
 "Roll-to-Roll"
Manufacturing.
 Increasing efficiency of
blue luminance.
 Boosting overall lifespan
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FUTURE USES FOR OLEDFUTURE USES FOR OLED
 Data glass
 GPS system
 OLED – in future cars
 Curved OLED displays, placed on non-flat surfaces
 And many more we cannot even imagine today
Scroll Laptop
• Nokia concept OLED Laptop
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CHALLENGESCHALLENGES
OLED seems to be the perfect technology for all
types of displays, but it also has some problems:
• Lifetime - While red and green OLED films have
longer lifetimes (46,000 to 230,000 hours), blue
organics currently have much shorter lifetimes (up
to around 14,000 hours)
• Manufacturing - Currently, manufacturing is
more expensive than LCDs
• Water - Water can easily damage OLEDs
• OLED screens are even worse than LCD in direct
sunlight
• Overall luminance degradation
• Limited market availability
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU
FORFOR
YOUR PATIENCEYOUR PATIENCE
☺ ☺
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