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Chapter 1: Learning, Instruction, and Technology
Learning is difficult to measure and to consistently achieve because of the inherent
different learners, content and context
The most important function is that which Woolfolk(1990)refer to as the
“instructional expert” in capacity teacher
1.Planning: Teacher identify gaps between current and desired levels of skills and
knowledge, then select instructional methods and strategies to meet these needs.
2.Implement: Teacher follow a previously complete plan or one suggested by other teachers
or curriculum expert.
3.Evaluation: Focus on providing continuous evaluation throughout all stages of learning
There are three kinds of instructional
1. Instructional Design: The emphasis is on creating a plan for developing instructional
material and activities. Such as Microsoft word, Microsoft Excel.
2. Instructional Media: Videotape, Audiotape, Computer software
3. Instructional Computing: Enhance the quality of instructional materials, reduce the
time required to design, produce and produce instructional materials.
For the Teacher
A shift from: Always being viewed as the content expert and source for all of the answer. A
shift to: Being viewed as support, collaborator, and coach for students as they learn to gather
and evaluate information for themselves
For the Student
A shift from: Passively waiting for the teacher to give directions and information
A shift to: Actively searching for needed information and learning experiences, determining
what is needed, and seeking ways to attain it
A shift from: Always being in the role of learner
A shift to: Participating at times as the expert/knowledge provider
A shift from: Always following given procedure
A shift to: Desiring to explore, discover, and create unique solutions to learning problems
Chapter 2: Theories into Application
Learning theory is an organized set of principles explaining how individuals learn: that is,
how they acquire new abilities and knowledge.
Behavioral perspective
 A = Antecedent: The event occurring before a behavior.
 B = Behavior: Response to the events that can be seen or heard.
 C = Consequence: The event(s) that follow(s) the behavior. Be able to occur
again.

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o Information processing perspective = Attention, Encoding, Retrieval
o Constructivist perspective
 The constructivist perspective describes learning as a change in meaning constructed
from experience.
 Focus on the individual learner, suggesting that constructing knowledge is a matter of
individual interpretation.
Chapter 3: Computer Tools for Teaching and Learning
Operating system
- Controlling hardware and software, in the other hands make the user comfortable
while using
Word processing
- Text entry and editing
- Text formatting and page layout for printing
- Special assisting features
- Document storage and retrieval
Electronic spreadsheets
- Mathematical function
- Formatting
- Graphing
- Database element
- Printing and disk stoage
Database management
A database is nothing more than a collection of information.
- Define fields
- Organize the fields that comprise a record
- Enter and edit data
- Sort the information in various ways
- Selective search through the information
- Save database to and retrieve it from disk
Presentation software
- Designed for producing and displaying computer text and image, usually for
presentation to a group. It is intended primarily to replace the functions typically
associated with traditional media presentation tools.
Desktop publishing
- DTP programs focus on the layout of text and graphics element on a printed page.
Page identifying features such as the numbers of columns text will occupy, size.., etc.
Graphics programs
- Manipulating text, graphics tools relate to pictorial information. Any comAputerized
pictorial representation of information –chart, graph, drawing, animated figure, or
graphic reproduction
Communication software
- For linking or connecting computer to each others with mobile phone for
communicate and share information between users

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Chapter 5: Identifying Methods and Media for Learning
What is media? Carry information between a source and receive. For example of media
include slides, videotapes, diagrams, printed materials, and computer software.
Advantage and Limitations of Instruction Media
Multimedia
• Advantage: Better learning and retention, address ,Effective across
• Limitations: Comp ability, equipment ,Limited ,intelligence
Video- Video tape
• Advantage: Motion
• Limitations: Fixed pace
Video disc
• Advantage: Storage capacity, Rapid access, Dual, audio channels
 Limitations: expanse, limited play time, analog format
Method
Role : Focus on the way to present content from teacher to learner.
Media fo Learning : Focus on student have interaction or build their own thinking style
Plan : Including content, skills and experiences
Media fo Learning : Promote thinking, building knowledge and solving problems
Chapter 6: Selecting Methods, Media, and Materials.
This chapter focuses on how to select methods and media and acquire the specific
instructional materials you will use to achieve your plan. You may acquire instructional
materials by:
• Selecting existing materials
• Modifying available materials
• Creating a new materials
There are several methods to help them learning in the class such as
1. Motivation
2. Application

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3. Orientation
4. Information
5. Evaluation
Selecting Existing Instructional Materials
1. Determine needs.
2. Check a variety of sources such as a computer database. Instructional materials
publish catalogs listing materials you can buy and, in some cases, rent. To talk with
vendors and other teachers to find out what is available.
3. Obtain and preview the materials.
4. Try the materials out with students.
5. Compare any competing materials.
6. Make your selection.
7. Keep accurate records.
Chapter 7: Using Methods and Media
Using Methods :Cooperative Learning, Cooperative learning refers to a small group of
students working to a common goal or task. Allow student learn from several source, not just
from teacher worked in group and works as a team to solve the problem.
Using Methods : Discovery
- They can learn through personal experience and students have to develop and use
observation and comparison skill.
Using Method : Problems solving
- Students have to analyze problems, collect and interest data.
Using Media Multimedia, including computer software
- The CD-ROM and computer system allow them to work both collaboratively and
indepently.
—
Preparation yourself, your material, the environment and the students can all affect the
effectiveness of your instruction.
General principles for the correct utilization of all media do exist.
1. Becoming familiar and comfortable with the media format.
2. Making sure all in the audience can see and hear.
3. Emphasizing the relevant of the media
4. Highlighting what students should expert to gain from their experience

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3. Orientation
4. Information
5. Evaluation
Selecting Existing Instructional Materials
1. Determine needs.
2. Check a variety of sources such as a computer database. Instructional materials
publish catalogs listing materials you can buy and, in some cases, rent. To talk with
vendors and other teachers to find out what is available.
3. Obtain and preview the materials.
4. Try the materials out with students.
5. Compare any competing materials.
6. Make your selection.
7. Keep accurate records.
Chapter 7: Using Methods and Media
Using Methods :Cooperative Learning, Cooperative learning refers to a small group of
students working to a common goal or task. Allow student learn from several source, not just
from teacher worked in group and works as a team to solve the problem.
Using Methods : Discovery
- They can learn through personal experience and students have to develop and use
observation and comparison skill.
Using Method : Problems solving
- Students have to analyze problems, collect and interest data.
Using Media Multimedia, including computer software
- The CD-ROM and computer system allow them to work both collaboratively and
indepently.
—
Preparation yourself, your material, the environment and the students can all affect the
effectiveness of your instruction.
General principles for the correct utilization of all media do exist.
1. Becoming familiar and comfortable with the media format.
2. Making sure all in the audience can see and hear.
3. Emphasizing the relevant of the media
4. Highlighting what students should expert to gain from their experience

6. Miss Uthaiwan Wisapon 543050480-
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3. Orientation
4. Information
5. Evaluation
Selecting Existing Instructional Materials
1. Determine needs.
2. Check a variety of sources such as a computer database. Instructional materials
publish catalogs listing materials you can buy and, in some cases, rent. To talk with
vendors and other teachers to find out what is available.
3. Obtain and preview the materials.
4. Try the materials out with students.
5. Compare any competing materials.
6. Make your selection.
7. Keep accurate records.
Chapter 7: Using Methods and Media
Using Methods :Cooperative Learning, Cooperative learning refers to a small group of
students working to a common goal or task. Allow student learn from several source, not just
from teacher worked in group and works as a team to solve the problem.
Using Methods : Discovery
- They can learn through personal experience and students have to develop and use
observation and comparison skill.
Using Method : Problems solving
- Students have to analyze problems, collect and interest data.
Using Media Multimedia, including computer software
- The CD-ROM and computer system allow them to work both collaboratively and
indepently.
—
Preparation yourself, your material, the environment and the students can all affect the
effectiveness of your instruction.
General principles for the correct utilization of all media do exist.
1. Becoming familiar and comfortable with the media format.
2. Making sure all in the audience can see and hear.
3. Emphasizing the relevant of the media
4. Highlighting what students should expert to gain from their experience