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The histories of Microservices
@Steve_Upton
The standard Microservices creation story
Monolith
HTTP
Data
Access
Component
Component
Component
Component
...
HTTP
Monolith
HTTP
Data
Access
Component
Component
Component
Component
...
HTTP
Monolith
HTTP
Data
Access
Component
Component
Component
Component
...
HTTP
Hard to scale
Hard to scale
RDBMS was also a SPOF
Hard to scale
RDBMS was also a SPOF and bottleneck
Hard to scale
RDBMS was also a SPOF and bottleneck
Vertical scaling easy, but limited
Hard to scale
RDBMS was also a SPOF and bottleneck
Vertical scaling easy, but limited
Horizontal scaling helpful, but slow and expensive
Hard to scale
RDBMS was also a SPOF and bottleneck
Vertical scaling easy, but limited
Horizontal scaling helpful, but slow and expensive
Scaling the whole monolith was wasteful
“...the average server operates at no more than
12 to 18 percent of its capacity”
Natural Resources Defense Council
Tightly coupled, slow to change
Sharing knowledge of components
Difficult to upgrade without affecting other services
Tightly coupled, slow to change
Sharing knowledge of components
Difficult to upgrade without affecting other services
Sharing libraries, platform, OS etc.
Teams have little choice in setup
Tightly coupled, slow to change
?
Service
Moving to the cloud
HTTP
Data
Access
Component
Component
Component
...
HTTP
Service
Service
Service
Service
Microservices
HTTP
HTTP
Resilience to failure
Able to isolate failures
Resilience to failure
Able to isolate failures
Resilience to failure
Able to isolate failures
Gracefully adapt to failures
Resilience to failure
Able to isolate failures
Gracefully adapt to failures
Quick recovery
Resilience to failure
Able to isolate failures
Gracefully adapt to failures
Quick recovery
Easy (auto) scaling
Loosely coupled, easy to change
Share contracts, not internals
Little to no knowledge of other services needed
Loosely coupled, easy to change
Share contracts, not internals
Little to no knowledge of other services needed
Teams free to choose OS, language, libraries etc.
Free to upgrade and experiment independently
“In short, the microservice architectural style is an approach to developing
a single application as a suite of small services, each running in its
own process and communicating with lightweight mechanisms, often an
HTTP resource API. These services are built around business
capabilities and independently deployable by fully automated
deployment machinery. There is a bare minimum of centralized
management of these services, which may be written in different
programming languages and use different data storage technologies.”
James Lewis and Martin Fowler, ThoughtWorks
“Loosely coupled service oriented
architecture with bounded contexts”
Adrian Cockcroft, Architect @ Netflix
EFFICIENCY
(of delivery)
EFFICIENCY
(of delivery)
SPEED
(of delivery)
https://netflix.github.io/
http://techblog.netflix.com/
Atlas
The other story
The other story
credit to Fred George
Project delivery cycles
1980 1990 2000 2010
Projectduration(log)
1 week
1 month
1 year
5 years
Project delivery cycles
1980 1990 2000 2010
Projectduration(log)
1 week
1 month
1 year
5 years Waterfall
Project delivery cycles
1980 1990 2000 2010
Projectduration(log)
1 week
1 month
1 year
5 years Waterfall
Waterfall + OO
Project delivery cycles
1980 1990 2000 2010
Projectduration(log)
1 week
1 month
1 year
5 years Waterfall
Waterfall + OO
Agile
Project delivery cycles
1980 1990 2000 2010
Projectduration(log)
1 week
1 month
1 year
5 years Waterfall
Waterfall + OO
Agile
Agile + Lean
Hardware lead times
1990 2000 2010 2015
Orderleadtime(log(ish))
< 1 sec
1 hour
1 week
6 months
5 secs
Hardware lead times
1990 2000 2010 2015
Orderleadtime(log(ish))
< 1 sec
1 hour
1 week
6 months Data center
5 secs
Hardware lead times
1990 2000 2010 2015
Orderleadtime(log(ish))
< 1 sec
1 hour
1 week
6 months Data center
Virtual machines
5 secs
Hardware lead times
1990 2000 2010 2015
Orderleadtime(log(ish))
< 1 sec
1 hour
1 week
6 months Data center
Virtual machines
Commercial
cloud (AWS)
5 secs
PaaS
Hardware lead times
1990 2000 2010 2015
Orderleadtime(log(ish))
< 1 sec
1 hour
1 week
6 months Data center
Virtual machines
Commercial
cloud (AWS)
Docker
FaaS
5 secs
PaaS
Project size
1990 2000 2010 2015
Projectsize(linesofcode)
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
Project size
1990 2000 2010 2015
Projectsize(linesofcode)
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000 Java
Project size
1990 2000 2010 2015
Projectsize(linesofcode)
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000 Java
Ruby
Project size
1990 2000 2010 2015
Projectsize(linesofcode)
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000 Java
Ruby
Python
Project size
1990 2000 2010 2015
Projectsize(linesofcode)
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000 Java
Ruby
Python
Node.js
Onboarding the new dev...
credit: https://twitter.com/moonpolysoft/status/781868129269919744
Story time
Marx on Microservices
Marx on Microservices
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
Marx on Microservices
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
Gattungswesen (species-being)
Workers feeling a connection to their work
Marx on Microservices
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
Gattungswesen (species-being)
Workers feeling a connection to their work
Entfremdung (alienation)
Workers feel estranged from their work
Products not Projects
“Any piece of software reflects the organizational
structure that produced it”
Conway's Law
Inverse Conway Maneuver?
What sort of organisation do you want to work in?
The other, other story
SOA
Service Oriented Architecture
Service Oriented Architecture
Boundaries are explicit
Service Oriented Architecture
Boundaries are explicit
Services are autonomous
Service Oriented Architecture
Boundaries are explicit
Services are autonomous
Services share schema and contract, not class
Service Oriented Architecture
Boundaries are explicit
Services are autonomous
Services share schema and contract, not class
Service compatibility is based on policy
IBM SOA Foundation
IBM SOA Foundation Reference Architecture
IBM SOA Foundation Reference Architecture logical model
IBM SOA Foundation Reference Architecture solution
Oracle SOA Foundation Reference Architecture (Product Mapping)
Oracle SOA Foundation Reference Architecture
“The latest shiny new technology will not make
things better… If you want spectacular gains,
then you need to make a spectacular
commitment to change.”
Anne Thomas Manes, SOA is Dead; Long Live Services
“... and that’s where we need to concentrate from
this point forward: Services”
Anne Thomas Manes, SOA is Dead; Long Live Services
“Microservices are hard. Some things you get for
free, but you have to work for the good stuff. If
you won’t put in the work, you shouldn’t be doing
Microservices. (You should be doing that stuff
anyway!)”
Steve Upton
“Microservices are hard. Some things you get for
free, but you have to work for the good stuff. If
you won’t put in the work, you shouldn’t be doing
Microservices. (You should be doing that stuff
anyway!)”
Steve Upton
“Microservices are hard. Some things you get for
free, but you have to work for the good stuff. If
you won’t put in the work, you shouldn’t be doing
Microservices. (You should be doing that stuff
anyway!)”
Steve Upton
“Microservices are hard. Some things you get for
free, but you have to work for the good stuff. If
you won’t put in the work, you shouldn’t be doing
Microservices. (You should be doing that stuff
anyway!)”
Steve Upton
“Microservices are hard. Some things you get for
free, but you have to work for the good stuff. If
you won’t put in the work, you shouldn’t be doing
Microservices. (You should be doing that stuff
anyway!)”
Steve Upton
“Microservices are hard. Some things you get for
free, but you have to work for the good stuff. If
you won’t put in the work, you shouldn’t be doing
Microservices. (You should be doing that stuff
anyway!)”
Steve Upton
Questions?
@Steve_Upton
steveupton.io
Essential reading
https://www.infoq.com/articles/cap-twelve-years-later-how-the-rules-have-changed
https://plus.google.com/+RipRowan/posts/eVeouesvaVX
https://engineering.linkedin.com/distributed-systems/log-what-every-software-engi
neer-should-know-about-real-time-datas-unifying
http://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html
http://jonasboner.com/bla-bla-microservices-bla-bla/
(honestly, just Google “netflix microservices”, there are loads of good videos)
Good reading
http://highscalability.com/blog/2014/10/27/microservices-in-production-the-good-th
e-bad-the-it-works.html
http://highscalability.com/blog/2014/4/8/microservices-not-a-free-lunch.html

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The histories of microservices