The South African Demographic and Health Survey is a sample survey that was conducted by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) and the South African Medical Research Council on behalf of the National Department of Health. The survey collected data from sampled households in the country between June and November 2016, with variables measuring health, fertility, nutrition and family planning, among others. The results of the survey will be used to measure the health status of South Africans as well as the coverage and quality of selected health programmes. The survey will also provide estimates on child and maternal mortality, fertility rates, and the prevalence of conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, among others. Download the full report here: www.statssa.gov.za

1. Key Indicator Report
Presented by
Dr Pali Lehohla

2. About the SADHS
South Africa
Demographic
and Health
Survey, 2016
1
2
3
4
The South Africa Demographic and Health Survey (SADHS) 2016 is
a national sample survey designed to produce information on
health and nutrition of the population of South Africa
Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) implemented the survey in
collaboration with the National Department of Health (NDoH) and
the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC)
The SADHS 2016 is the third DHS to be conducted in South Africa
The first SADHS was conducted in 1998 and the second one in 2003

3. Blood specimens for anaemia testing
were collected from women and men
age 15 and older and from children
age 6-59 months
Height and weight measurements
recorded for children age 0-59
months and for women and men age
15 and older
Anthropometry
Biomarkers collected finger-prick
blood specimens for laboratory
Diabetes (HbA1c) and HIV testing
from women and men age 15 and
older who consented
Three blood pressure measurements
were taken from consenting women
and men age 15 and older using
Omron 1300 digital blood pressure
monitors
Anaemia Testing
Diabetes and HIV
testing
Blood Pressure
Measurement
Types of Testing

4. Information Collected in SADHS 2016
Demographic indicators
Maternal, new-born and child
health programme indicators
Reproductive health and
contraception
Management of NCDs and risk
factors
HIV prevalence of
adults
Women’s status
Under-5 mortality
rate, infant mortality
rate, neonatal
mortality rate,
maternal mortality
ratio, fertility rates
Ante-natal care, HIV
testing, births in facilities,
post natal care, exclusive
breast feeding, infant
feeding, underweight,
stunting, anaemia,
diarrhoea and respiratory
infection
Context for all other
programme
information
Number of sexual
partners, STIs,
circumcision, use of
contraceptives, unmet
family planning
Uncontrolled
hypertension, high HBA1c,
chronic respiratory
disease, overweight and
obesity, smoking, alcohol,
eating fruit and
vegetables, drinking sugar
sweetened beverage and
intention to change salt
intake
Women’s role in
household decision
making, domestic
violence

5. Break/Section Slide Fertility
fertility

6. SA fertility
rates continue
to decline

7. Total Fertility Rate for 3 Years
Preceding the Survey2.9
2.6
2.45
2.5
2.55
2.6
2.65
2.7
2.75
2.8
2.85
2.9
2.95
1 2
1998 SADHS 2016 SADHS
Fertility
Fertility continues to show a downward trend

8. In 2016 the Total Fertility Rate stood
at for Urban Women for Non Urban Women
Fertility

9. 2%
8%
14%
23%
35%
4%
7%
15%
23%
28%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
15 16 17 18 19
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
Percentage Distribution of Women Who Begun Childbearing By Age
Teenage pregnancy rate at 71 per 1000 women shows little
change since 1998 - excepting fewer 19 year olds have begun
childbearing in 2013-2016

10. by 19 years of age 28% of
girls have begun childbearing
Fertility
A third of this births are to girls who have
not completed primary school
Hospital
School

11. Fertility Preferences
64% of Married Mothers
who already have 3
children have no desire for
more children
64%
50%
50% of Married
Mothers who already
have 2 children have
no desire for more
children

12. contraception

13. Contraception
Female
Controlled
44%
Male Controlled
14%
Contraceptive Use
58 percent of all
women 15-49 not only
use contraception but
apply modern
methods of
contraception

14. Contraception
17%
55%
76%
15%
54%
78%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Unmet Need Modern Contraceptive Use Percentage of demand satisfied with
modern methods
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
Percent of currently married or living together as married women

15. 23%
24%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
Contraception Preferences
16%
8%
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
11%
8%
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
2%
9%
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
Injectables Female sterilisation Pill Male Condom
Selected Contraceptive use amongst Married women
30%
26%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
12%
3%
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
13%
5%
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
2%
24%
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
Injectables Female sterilisation Pill Male Condom
Selected Contraceptive use amongst unmarried sexually active women

16. Sexual Behaviour and HIV awareness

17. Multiple Sexual Partners (2+) in past 12 months
58%
Condom
Use
65 %
Cond
om…
5%
17%Male
Female
Among the women who had two or
more partners in the past 12
months, 58% reported using a
condom during their last sexual
intercourse
Among the men who had two or
more partners in the past 12
months, 65% of them reported
using a condom during their last
sexual intercourse.
Multiple Sexual Partners
(2+) in past 12 months
Multiple Sexual Partners
(2+) in past 12 months

18. Intercourse In The Past 12 Months With A Person Who Was Neither Their Spouse Nor Lived With Them.
60%
Condom
Use
69 %
Condom
Use
45%
65%Male
Female
Among the men who had intercourse with
a person who was neither their spouse nor
lived with them, 69% used a condom at last
sexual intercourse
Among the women who had intercourse
with a person who was neither their
spouse nor lived with them, 60% used a
condom at last sexual intercourse.

19. Sexual Partners
The average lifetime
partners among all
men age 15-49 who
have ever had sexual
intercourse is 15
The average lifetime
partners among all
women age 15-49
who have ever had
sexual intercourse is
4

20. 92%
82%
59%
93%
69%
45%
100
0
Knowledge and History Of HIV Testing
Know where to test
Ever Tested
Tested in the past
12 Months
Women 15-49 Men 15-49
In the age group 15-24, 32% of women and 42% of Men have
never tested for HIV
Knowledge of HIV status helps HIV-negative individuals make specific decisions to reduce risk
and increase safer sex practices so that they can remain disease free.

21. Maternal health

22. 95%
94%
83%
96%
84%
97%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
ANC by a skilled Provider Birth occurred in a Health facility Birth attended by a skilled Prpvider
Birth occurred in a Health facility
Birth attended by a skilled Provider
Comparison of Maternal Health Care, 1998 and 2016
ANC by a skilled Provider
While the percentage of women receiving antenatal care from a skilled
provider in 2016 is relatively unchanged, both the percentage of births
delivered by a skilled provider and the percentage delivered in a health
facility have increased markedly

23. 93 92
78
91
75
65
90
73
65
89
73
62
88
70
86
61
53
5
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
BCG
Polio0
Polio1
DTaP-IPV-Hib1
DTaP-IPV-Hib2
DTaP-IPV-Hib3
HepB1
HepB2
HepB3
Pneumococcal1
Pneumococcal2
Pneumococcal3
Rotavirus1
Rotavirus2
Measles1
Allbasicvaccinations
Allageappropriate
vaccinations
Novaccinations
Only 61% of children age 12-23 months
received all basic vaccinations and only 53%
received all age-appropriate vaccinations.
Immunisation Coverage of Children Age 12-23 Months

24. Mpumalanga has just over 10% of
Children age 12-23 months who have
no vaccinations, doublethe SA
average of 5%

25. Infant and childmortalityrates are basic
indicatorsofa country’ssocioeconomic
situationand qualityof life

26. 45
35
59
42
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
SADHS 1998 SADHS 2016
Infant Mortality Under 5 Mortality
Comparison Of Childhood Mortality, 1998 and 2016
Deaths per 1,000 live births in the 5 years before the survey
Infant mortality has declined by 20% between 1998 and 2016.
child mortality has correspondingly declined by 28%

27. Nutritional Status

28. 5 Years
5 Years
Nutritional status of children 0-59 months
Amongst
boys almost
one in three
is stunted
Amongst girls
almost one in
four is
stunted
Stunting generally decreases with increasing wealth quintiles, from 36% among
children in the lowest wealth quintile, to 13% of children in the highest wealth quintile.

29. Stunting
Underweight
Wasting
Overweight/obesity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56
Percent
Age in months
Nutritional Status of Children by Age Pattern
Stunting clearly
remains a national
concern.

30. 25%
32%
14%
1%
11%
18%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Not breast-feeding Exclusively breast-
feeding
Breast-feeding and
consuming plain
water only
Breast-feeding and
consuming non-milk
liquids
Breast-feeding and
consuming other milk
Breast-feeding and
consuming
complementary foods
Breastfeeding Status of Babies 0-5 Months
On 32% of Children under 6 months are exclusively
breast fed contrary to the recommendation of
exclusively breastfeeding

31. Adult Health Risk Factors

32. Based on BMI score, two-thirds (68%)
of women in South Africa are
overweight or obese,
In contrast, just under one third of men
(31%) are overweight or obese.

33. 31%
41%
46%
49%
15
20%
26%
18
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
White Black/African Coloured Indian/Asian
Obese Severly Obese
Female Obesity by Population group
Severely obese persons (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 )
have an elevated risk for heart disease,
diabetes, and other conditions relative to
those who are overweight or obese.

34. 12%
16%
21%
24%
29%
0%
1%
3% 3%
10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
Poorest Wealthiest
Women Men
Prevalence Of Severe Obesity (BMI>35 Kg/M2) By Sex and Income Quintiles

35. 17%
27%
43%
63%
78%
84%
46%
20%
33%
51%
55%
74%
84%
44%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Total 15+
Age group
Women Men
Prevalence of hypertension (blood pressure >140/80 mm/Hg and/or medication) by Sex and Age Group
Among both women and men, the prevalence
of hypertension rises with age

36. The prevalence of hypertension has
increased while proportion treated is
relatively small

37. Break/Section Slide Achohol and Tobbaco
smoking and alcohol

38. 11 9
1
42
37
67 6
2
37
30
7
Any
smoking
Daily
smoker
Occasional
smoker
Any
smoking
Daily
smoker
Occasional
smoker
Women Men
Percentage of women and men age 15+
who smoke tobacco
1998 SADHS 2016 SADHS
Comparison Tobacco Smoking in 1998 and 2016 by Frequency of Smoking

39. 38%
15%
3% 3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Coloured White Black African Indian/Asian
50%
31%
35%
39%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Coloured White Black African Indian/Asian
Prevalence of Tobacco use by Population Group and Sex.
Cigarette smoking between the different population
groups more similar in males as opposed to females
Coloured and white women have much higher prevalence of
cigarette smoking (38% and 15% respectively) than
Black/African and Indian women (3% each).
Male Female

40. 58%
36%
38%
13%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
36%
18%
8%
1%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
White
Coloured
Black African
Indian/Asian
.
Report having drunk alcohol in the past 7 days by Population Group and Sex
Alcohol
consumption is
more common
among men
than women
Men Women

41. 46%
68%
66%
68%
54%
65%
59%
23%
35%
29%
25%
22% 21% 21%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
15-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+
Ever drank alcohol-Male Ever drank alcohol-Female
Report Having Ever Drunk Alcohol by Age Group and Sex

42. experience of
violence

43. 8%
2%
21%
6%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Physical violence Sexual violence
Percent
In past 12 months Ever expereinced
Women 18+ years
Experience of Violence by Any Partner

44. Experience of Violence by Marital Status
4%
5%
8%
10%
16%
14%
18%
24%
31%
40%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
Married
Never married
Widowed
Living together
Divorced/separated
Ever Experianced Physical Violence Ever Experianced Sexual Violence
Women 18+ years

45. Domestic Violence by Wealth Quintiles
11% 2% 29% 12%4% 2% 8% 4%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Lowest Wealth Quintile Highest Wealth Quintile Lowest Wealth Quintile Highest Wealth Quintile
In past 12 months
Women 18+ years
Physical violence Sexual violence
In Past 12 Months Ever Experienced

46. Conclusion
The Key Indicator Report presents a snapshot of
findings from the SADHS 2016
A comprehensive and detailed report still to be
prepared and is scheduled for later in 2017