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Beyond GDP: Measuring Wellbeing in Africa
- 1. Beyond GDP: Towards a wellbeing dashboard for Africa
- 2. GDP vs. Mother Nature
- 3. GDP vs. the climate Source: IMF 2011 for GDP and EDGAR 2014 for CO2 emissions data.
- 4. Africa rising? The picture in 2013 Cote d’Ivoire 8.7% RSA 2.6% South Sudan 24.4% Angola 4.1% Burundi 4.5% Liberia 11.3% Sierra Leone 20.21% RSA -0.9% Liberia -6% Sierra Leone -22.7% DRC -29.9% Angola -25.2% Cote d’Ivoire -3.4% DRC 8.5% Burundi -13.7%
- 5. Saving for the future?
- 6. Global GDP growth flattens when environmental damage is accounted for
- 7. Global GDP splits from genuine progress in the late 1970s Source: Ida Kubiszewski et al., ‘Beyond GDP: measuring and achieving global genuine progress,’ Ecological Economics, 93, 2013, p.63.
- 8. Building on what we have
- 9. UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting
- 10. Roadmap for a regional dashboard October 2014 Participating countries: SA, Ghana, Botswana, Tanzania, Zambia, Namibia and Kenya Other institutions: UNEP, ILO, CSIR, SA Department of Environmental Affairs, SANBI, WRC and various universities Keynote addresses by Robert Costanza (ANU) and Enrico Giovannini (UN panel on data revolution)
- 11. Recommendation 1 – Beyond GDP Acknowledging ‘misuse’ of GDP moving towards objective wellbeing Corrections relevant for Africa: Income inequality Fiscal flows Sustainable consumption and production Lessons to be learned from GPI and Genuine Savings
- 12. Recommendation 2 – Regional dashboard Corrected/complemented GDP should be integrated into a regional dashboard Dashboard to include: Human development (e.g. education, health, etc.) Quality of the environment Decent work (e.g. beyond mere employment) Governance Inclusion and social capital
- 13. Recommendation 3 – Pragmatism Quality of data and limited resources Information already available Human development: investment education, infant mortality, enrolment rates, morbidity rates, doctors to population ratio, crime. Quality environment: air, material flows, land use, ecosystems (through experimental accounts as part of WAVES and SEEA), levels of pollution and waste. Decent work: labour force surveys standardized across Africa (in partnership with ILO). Governance: voters’ turnout and Ibrahim Index of African Governance. Social inclusion/social capital: poverty, time use at household levels Information that could be gathered if more resources were available: Human development: life expectancy, literacy rates. Quality environment: land cover change, water stress, geological surveys. Decent work: skills development to building economy in touch with local needs. Governance: citizen participation in policy processes. Social inclusion/social capital: mapping social connections in civil society, participation in community activities. Avoid subjective measurements of wellbeing
- 14. Recommendation 4 – Reach out to regional initiatives African Centre for Statistics at UNECA (for expertise and coordination) African Union Commission (for political support and coordination) African Development Bank (for infrastructural and economic support). Key regional organizations to involve: Southern African Development Community (SADC), the East African Community (EAC) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
- 15. How to approach value?
- 16. A window of opportunity