habitat habit, useful parts ,morphology and anatomy of useful parts,phytochemicals and pharmaceutical uses of Papaver somniferum.

2. PALAVER SOMNIFERA
• Habitat- probably originated in south
america & cultivated in different parts of the
world .
• Cultivated in some parts of India like UP, MP
and rajasthan.

3. HABIT
• Poppy is erect,annual plant
• Rarely branched
• Leaves are linear or ovate
• Bluish white,purple or violet large flowers

5. USEFUL PART
•Capsule

6. MORPHOLOGY OF CAPSULES
• Capsules vary in size and shape, being ovoid
or globular & depressed at the apex and
base.
• 3-4 in diameter
• Pale yellowish-brown & often with dark
spots.

7. •At the base is a short piece of pedicel
and thalamus, which appears as a slight
swelling on the stalk, is marked with
scars left by the fall of the perianth
parts.
•At the apex is persistent ,seaside,
radiate stigma with about 8-16 rays

8. PHTOCHEMICALS
• Morphine
• Narcotine
• codeine
• thebaine
• heroin
• papaverline

9. •Mecoic acid exist in combination with
morphine
•Mucilage
• sugar
• salts of calcium and magnesium
•wax

10. HEROIN
• It is a derivative of morphine and is more potent that
morphine
• Morphine can cross the blood brain barrier but due to its
conjugation it becomes lipid insoluble.Wherein heroin is
lipid soluble and cross the blood brain barrier easily and
act on the limbic system of brain.
• The limbic system that is associated with emotions is
stimulated and dream like sensation are produced.

11. USES
•To relief pain
•To treat cough
• To treat intestinal spams And
respiratory spams

12. •Used as a sedative.
•To treat diarrhoea and abdominal
cramping.
•Relax involuntary muscle.
•Poppy seed oil is used as a vehicle for
parentrals.

13. MORPHINE
• Morphine binds to opioid receptors
present on the surface of nerve cells and
sets of chains of reactions inside the cell
and causes cell membrane to be less
excitable.This Means that the nerve
impulses are not generated as the nerve
cell becomes sluggish.

14. •Also effects in pain processing areas of
brain.
•Therefore it causes drowsiness,
nausea,respiratory depressions etc.
•Effects on GIT includes decreased
motility and secretion,increasing
resting tone And spams, all of which
combine to produce constipation.
•Causes increase tone of urinary
bladder wall.

15. PAPAVERINE
•It is direct smooth muscle relaxant
independent of muscle innervations.
•The musculature of the large blood
vessels including coronary, systematic
and pulmonary arteries.

16. •The resulting vasodilation has been
potentially attributed inhibition of
cyclic nucleotide phosphidiesterases.
•This causes increase in intracellular
levels of cAMP and cGMP by decreases
in calcium ions.

17. THEBAINE
•It is not medicinally used.
•But important as substrate in semi
synthesis of other compounds.

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