2. Obesity – The Causes
Energy intake is
greater than energy
output.
Genetics or family
tradition
Thyroid problems
Slow metabolic rate –
elderly
Certain drugs
3. Risks of Obesity
Heart disease
Difficulty breathing
Gallstones
Back pain
Diabetes
Arthritis
High blood pressure
Stroke
Varicose veins
4. Controlling Obesity
A low fat low
carbohydrate high fibre
balanced diet.
Exercise @least 30 mins 3
times a week
.5-1Kg loss per week
Don’t eat late
Avoid alcoholic and sugary
drinks
Low fat products
Low fat cooking methods
Slimming club
5. Dental Decay
2 types - (a)
periodontal disease
affects gum, bone
surrounding teeth (b)
Dental cavities
Caused by plaque =
mixture of saliva and
bacteria. This builds
up on teeth and
damages gums
When carbohydrate,
esp. sugar, is eaten
plaque converts it to
acid which decays the
teeth
6. Prevention of dental problems
Avoid sugary foods
Snack on nuts, fruit,
yoghurt
Eat calcium and vit D
rich foods
Use fluoride
toothpaste and drink
fluoridated water
Thorough brushing @
least twice daily
Visit dentist @least
once a year.
7. Coronary Heart disease
Narrowing and
hardening of the
coronary arteries due
to build up of fat.
CHD can cause angina,
heart attack, sudden
death
Risk factors – smoking,
high fat and
cholesterol diet,
obesity, high blood
pressure
8. To reduce risk of CHD
Reduce fat intake esp.
saturated fats and
cholesterol
Eat foods with
unsaturated fat
Use low fat products
Increase fibre
Reduce intake of salt
and refined
carbohydrates
Exercise increases
“good” cholesterol
(HDL)
Don’t not smoke or
abuse alcohol
9. Cholesterol
Functions: produces hormones,
making cell membranes,
production of bile
Liver makes cholesterol we
don’t need to eat it in food
If too much cholesterol is in
the blood it clings to artery
walls and obstructs the blood
flow
The body binds cholesterol
with protein to make lipo-
protein.
There are 2 types - LDL low
density lipo-protein and HDL
high density lipo-protein
LDL sticks to artery walls.
HDL removes cholesterol from
the blood and gets it excreted
10. To Lower cholesterol
Eat less cholesterol rich food e.g. eggs,
liver, shell fish.
Eat less foods high in saturated fats eg.
fatty meat, butter, cream, cheese.
Consume polyunsaturated fats esp. fish oils
- counteract effect of cholesterol on
arteries.
Exercise to increase HDL in the blood
11. Osteoporosis
Bones become light
and thin and break
easily
Maximum bone mass
should be reached
before end of teenage
years – calcium intake
vital for this
12. Osteoporosis risk factors &
prevention
Being female – loss of
oestrogen @
menopause - HRT
Lack of Vit. D
Family history
Exercise 30 min 3
times/week
Smoking and alcohol
abuse affect calcium
absorption
Enough calcium
during childhood,
adolescents and
child bearing years
Enough vit. D
Exercise
Don’t smoke or
abuse alcohol
HRT
13. Bowel Disorders
Fibre is not digested ,it
absorbs water and keeps
the faeces large and soft
and easy to eliminate with
little pressure
Lack of fibre leads to
small hard faeces that
are slow and hard to
eliminate.
This can cause
constipation,
haemorrhoids (piles),
diverticulosis and cancer
14. Bowel disorders Haemorrhoids: Swollen
veins of the rectum
and anus- pain itching
bleeding
Diverticulosis:
Wall of intestine
develops pouch-like
structures. If they fill
with food waste and
bacteria they can
become infected –
diverticulitis.
Colon Cancer:
Research shows
connection between
colon cancer and lack
of fibre.
15. High Fibre Tips
Change from white to
wholemeal bread
Eats lots of fruit, veg.
and pulses.
Fibre rich breakfast
cereal e.g. ‘All Bran’
Add some wholemeal
flour when baking.
Try to use whole grain
pasta and rice
RDA fibre = 25-30g
16. Diabetes
Condition where the body
cannot control blood sugar
levels.
The hormone insulin made in
the pancreas controls blood
sugar
Diabetics do not produce
enough insulin or the insulin
produced does not work
properly
Glucose is not used to make
heat and energy but excreted
in the urine instead
If uncontrolled it can lead to
heart attack, stroke, bad
circulation, damage to kidney
and eyesight
17. Diabetes: types and symptoms
Type1: juvenile onset
diabetes: insulin dependent.
Damaged pancreas unable to
make insulin
Type2: maturity onset:
Non-insulin dependent.
Pancreas produces some
insulin controlled by diet.
Symptoms
increased thirst, dry mouth,
increased urination, weight
loss, fatigue, blurred vision
18. Controlling Diabetes
Controlling diabetes involves balancing insulin
exercise and food so that the correct amount of
sugar is kept in the blood.
Diet: 1. Eat three regular meals, and one or more
snack. 2. High fibre starchy carbohydrates that
increase blood sugar slowly.3. Avoid sugary foods,
use diabetic products and artificial sweeteners.
Hypoglycaemia: blood sugar too low. Symptoms:
feeling ill, perspiration, hunger, irritability,
unconscious, coma.
Control: take sugary sweet or drink.
Hyperglycaemia: blood sugar too high.
Symptoms: vomiting, deep loud breathing, high
temp, diabetic coma.
Control: give insulin
19. Coeliac Disease
Condition where by
gluten damages the
lining of the small
intestine and the
ability to absorb
nutrients is reduced.
Gluten is a protein in
wheat, similar protein
in rye barley and oats
can also be harmful
Rice and maize are not
harmful.
20. Symptoms of coeliac disease
Children Adults
Slow growth Abdominal pain
Weight loss Weight loss
Irritability Mouth ulcers
Pale bad smelling
faeces
Tiredness
Anaemia and other
deficiency diseases
21. Treatment of coeliac disease
Strict gluten free diet
Avoid wheat, barley rye oats and all
their by products such as bread,
cakes, biscuits, pasta, breaded fish,
pizza, pies, pastries.
Use naturally gluten free foods e.g.
meat, fish, milk, cheese, eggs, fruit,
veg.
Use special gluten free products e.g.
gluten free flour, bread biscuits etc.
Avoid hidden sources of gluten e.g.
sausages , black and white pudding,
processed foods, some soups, sauces
,gravies.
