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Reg Number: R167229L
Student Name: Tinashe Kadiki
Course Code: MTR503
Course Title: Robotics and Control
Assignment: Discuss the importance of Robots in Mechatronics giving case studies
Mechatronics is the integration of mechanical systems with electronic, control, and computer
systems at its most basic level. Mechatronics has been linked to robotics since its inception. Robots
have progressed from a robotic arm used in diecasting to an artificial intelligence-based humanoid
robot as a result of various systems working together and communicating fluidly. Robots are
becoming an important part of our world, and will continue to be in the future. They are used in
many different fields, such as manufacturing, medical assistance, and entertainment. They have
the ability to perform tasks that would be impossible for a human being, such as operating heavy
machinery, lifting heavy objects, and providing assistance to people with disabilities. Robots have
the potential to greatly improve our quality of life, and will continue to be an important part of
society in the future. Robots are becoming an integral part of our world. They are used in our
homes to do things for us, from fetching the mail to cleaning our house. They are used in
manufacturing to help with tasks that humans couldn’t do, such as welding or packing. They are
also being used in the field of health care, such as in surgery or in assisting patients who are unable
to walk or speak.
Robotics and mechatronics is the area in which mechanical engineering and electrical engineering
combine, with the focus on computing-driven systems that allow devices to become more
intelligent and more efficient. Robotics combines the fields of mechanical engineering, electrical
engineering, computer science, mechatronics, electronics, bioengineering, computing, control
engineering, software engineering, and others. Robotics and mechatronics are the point at which
mechanical and electrical engineering come together, using computer-controlled systems to make
devices smarter and more efficient. Robotic systems assemble mechanical, electrical, and software
components to accomplish the desired function.
Robotics has led to the creation of a new field of study called mechatronics, which focuses on the
interaction between robots and humans. The most common use of mechatronics today is in the
manufacturing industry, where robots are used to perform tasks that would otherwise take a lot of
human time and effort. However, mechatronics is only a few years old and there is still a lot of
research that needs to be done in the field.
Robots are also used in nuclear sciences, marine research, transmission electrical signal
maintenance, design of biomedical devices, etc. Robotics requires implementation of integrated
computing, fabrication, engineering, electrical and biological mechanics, software development.
Robotics is also used in the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields as
an educational tool. Humanoid robots are typically designed to do tasks in an open-ended setting,
where they do not need human supervision. These robots typically carry out tasks similar to
humans (such as running, jumping, and carrying objects) and are sometimes designed to resemble
us, including having human-like faces and expressions. Robotics and mechatronics are the point
at which mechanical engineering meets electrical engineering, using computer-controlled systems
to make devices more intelligent and efficient. The most basic definition says that mechatronics is
integrating mechanical systems with electronics, controls, and computer systems.
Robots are becoming an increasingly important part of modern manufacturing. The first industrial
robot was introduced in the 1940s, but it has only been in the last few years that we have seen a
significant increase in their use. Today, robots are used in almost every aspect of manufacturing,
from picking parts off the floor to welding complex assemblies. Robots have the potential to
dramatically increase productivity, but their introduction has also led to job displacement in many
industries. Unimate is regarded as the first industrial robot in the world. Unimate was the first
mass-produced robot for factory automation, with its first prototype introduced in 1958. General
Motors employed Unimate in the diecasting process, which included removing hot metal vehicle
parts from a die, a perilous activity for people. Unimate was able to store digital commands that
instructed the robot on how to fulfill its tasks.
Honda first produced ASIMO in 2000, dubbed the "world's most humanoid robot." ASIMO could
move across a variety of surfaces, climb stairs, and respond to simple spoken commands. ASIMO
received improvements in 2011 to improve the robot's intelligence and add autonomous behavior
control technology, with the goal of improving autonomy. "Coordination between visual and aural
sensors enables ASIMO to detect a face and voice at the same time, enabling ASIMO to distinguish
the voices of numerous people who are speaking at the same time," Honda says. Robotics combines
fields such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, mechatronics,
electronics, bioengineering, computing, control engineering, software engineering, among others.
Robotics is a branch of engineering involving robot concept, design, manufacturing, and operation.
Sophia, "a human-crafted science fiction character reflecting the future of AI and robotics, and a
platform for advanced robotics and AI research," according to Hanson Robotics, is one of the most
advanced robots to use mechatronics. Sophia, which was first activated in 2016, can display over
60 facial expressions, recognize people, answer questions, and have conversations. Since Sophia's
release, Hanson has created 11 more AI-based robots, all of which can learn and improve based
on their experiences. Robots are also used in nuclear sciences, marine research, transmission
electrical signal maintenance, design of biomedical devices, etc. Robotics requires implementation
of integrated computing, fabrication, engineering, electrical and biological mechanics, software
development. Robotics is also used in the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics) fields as an educational tool. Its projects include Sensor Guided Robotics, Mobile
Robotics, WiFi Robotics, Surveillance Robotics, Gesture Based Robotics, etc. Robotics is a
science and engineering related to robot appearance, manufacturing, applications, as well as
computing systems to drive it, provide sensory feedback, and process knowledge. Much of that
work is done within robotics; the mechanical engineering faculty at the University of Washington
is on the cutting edge of robot-human interactions, nanorobotics, automation, and advanced
manufacturing research. Courses focus on high-tech manufacturing, automation, robotics design
and construction, mechanical and electrical systems, pneumatics, and hydraulics.
Robots are revolutionizing the manufacturing industry, with their ability to perform tasks that were
once only humanly possible. Robots are used in manufacturing to perform tasks such as picking
items off the production line, loading and unloading materials, and welding to name a few. Robots
have the potential to increase productivity and lower manufacturing costs, making them a vital part
of the manufacturing industry. The impact of robots on the manufacturing industry has been so
great that it is often referred to as the fourth industrial revolution.
Robots are, without a doubt, one of the biggest technology breakthroughs of the past few decades.
They have transformed the way people work and live, from manufacturing and logistics to
healthcare and entertainment. The only limiting factor is our imagination: we can’t build them fast
enough to meet the demand. The next breakthrough will be the Internet of Things (IoT), which is
the idea of connecting everyday objects such as light bulbs and thermostats to the internet. The
future will be full of robots. They will be our companions, our helpmates, our parts suppliers, and
our coworkers. They will be our sensors, our interpreters, and our teachers. They will be our
companions, our helpmates, our parts suppliers, and our coworkers.
It is difficult to imagine a time without robots. They save lives by eliminating workplace injuries,
such as carpal tunnel syndrome and repetitive strain injuries, which are common in factory
workers. They have the potential to save the environment by reducing the amount of pollution
emitted by factories. They have the potential to increase the standard of living for factory workers
by increasing their productivity, which will result in a higher standard of living.
Robotics is now being expanded into other industries such as medicine and transportation. One of
the most exciting areas of robotics is in mechatronics. Mechatronics focuses on the interaction
between robots and humans, and has the potential to revolutionize how we interact with
technology. One of the most exciting areas of mechatronics is in the field of robotics.
It is no longer science fiction. Robots can be found all over our homes, assisting with chores,
reminding us of our schedules, and even entertaining our children. The most well-known example
of a home robot is the autonomous vacuum cleaner Roomba. Furthermore, robots have evolved to
do everything from autonomously mowing grass to cleaning pools. It is sometimes difficult to
imagine a time when they were not a part of the industry. Robots have the potential to revolutionize
the human experience in many aspects of our lives, and will likely become more common in our
society. They will be used for a variety of purposes such as assisting the elderly, assisting people
who are disabled, and even performing the functions of our pets. Robots have the ability to
perform many tasks that were once only humanly possible.
Robots are important as they can be used to fight forest fires. The heat of the summer months is
when forest fires typically rage most aggressively. But this season, some forests are being saved
from going up in smoke by robots. The Forest Service, which manages federal land in the United
States, has partnered with companies such as Intuit, Amazon and Expedia to deploy fleets of aerial
drones and firefighting robots. The goal is to help save resources and money, improve safety for
firefighters and reduce the amount of time they spend battling the fires.
Robots that provide companionship to the elderly. Robots have been assisting the elderly for
several decades and are capable of performing simple tasks such as fetching items from cupboards,
opening doors, and calling for help. A 1987 report indicated that approximately 100,000 elderly
people in the United States were cared for by them. Since this report, however, the number of
elderly people living with such robots has increased dramatically. As this trend continues to grow,
the robot’s capabilities and the expectations of their use will increase. Robots that provide
companionship to the elderly is becoming more and more common in our society; they are
beginning to be used in homes and senior living facilities as well as in traditional healthcare
settings. These “companion robots” are envisioned to provide a variety of benefits, including
increased accessibility, improved autonomy, and potentially improved quality of life for the
elderly.
Shipping, handling, and quality control robots are quickly becoming essential for most retailers
and logistics firms. Because we expect our packages to arrive at lightning speed, logistics
companies use robots in warehouses and on the road to help maximize time efficiency. Currently,
robots are removing your items from the shelves, transporting them across the warehouse floor,
and packaging them. Furthermore, the rise of last-mile robots (robots that will autonomously
deliver your package to your door) ensures that you will come face to face with a logistics bot in
the near future.
In the healthcare industry, robots have made enormous strides. These mechanical marvels are used
in almost every aspect of healthcare, from robot-assisted surgeries to physical therapy bots that
help humans recover from injury. Toyota's healthcare assistants, which help people regain their
ability to walk, and "TUG," a robot designed to autonomously stroll through a hospital and deliver
everything from medicines to clean linens, are two examples of robots at work in healthcare.
Pharmaceutical companies have recently used robots to help speed up the fight against COVID-
19. These bots are now being used to fill and seal COVID-19 testing swabs, and some
manufacturers are also using them to produce PPE and respirators.
Self-driving vehicles are taking the world by storm, thanks to a combination of data science and
robotics. Automakers such as Tesla, Ford, Waymo, Volkswagen, and BMW are all working on the
next generation of transportation that will allow us to sit back, relax, and enjoy the ride. Uber and
Lyft are also developing autonomous rideshare vehicles that do not require humans to operate
them. Universal Robots developed three distinct co-bots that integrate into an automotive assembly
line. Its robotic arm, which mimics the movement of a human arm, adds precision to various car
manufacturing processes. The company's UX can replace human operators in dangerous, dirty, or
monotonous jobs, freeing up workers for more advanced and fulfilling tasks.
Space robotics is an enthralling field that was created for space explorations and missions. Human
participation in space exploration has physical limitations that are related to human endurance.
The length of flights and missions, combined with the hostile environment in space, limit human
involvement. Unmanned and autonomous missions, as well as mission automation, have become
essential for successful exploration.
Space mobile robots can be used to explore the Earth, Moon, and outer planets, particularly Mars.
However, the first robot used for space exploration was the Lunokhod 1, which was launched on
the Moon on November 17, 1970 as part of the Luna 17 Mission. The vehicle weighed 756 kg.
Lunokhod 2, another intriguing Moon rover, was launched on January 15, 1973, as part of the
Luna 21 mission. The rover weighed 840 kg, and the mission lasted approximately 130 days. The
Lunokhods Moon rovers were followed by a series of more or less advanced mobile robots used
primarily for Mars exploration (Sasiadek, 2014).
Robots are increasingly being positioned to collaborate with humans. This collaboration has the
potential to reduce human workload, increase safety, and improve physical and psychological
well-being. However, it is unclear whether humans will accept robots at this time. Any potential
benefits of human–robot collaboration would be undermined by a lack of human acceptance. As a
result, it is critical that robot designers employ methods to encourage humans to accept robots
(Connor, et al., 2022). Robots, with the right sensor and processor system, could automate tasks
such as cleaning and maintaining buildings, from windows and floors to HVAC ducts. This
technology is already on the market. The Anataroller, a small mobile robot used in conjunction
with a Cable EYE CD inspection camera, can inspect and clean ducts.
The healthcare industry is concerned with infection diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The
industry also deals with physical and psychological injuries in people. The health-care industry
has the potential to be a significant contributor to any country's economy. Pharmaceutical
executives can benefit from the framework of robotic predictability. At the turn of the century,
employees in the healthcare services sector had to extend their hours of service in hospitals and
ambulatory care. Because of the extended hours and prescriptions, a service robot was used for
prescription-filling in a number of hospitals in 2007 (Lin et al., 2007). Aside from screening and
barcode checking for the drug, the robotic device must reach the appropriate flask, collect the
medicine and mark each flask, and package, store, and distribute filled medicines to patients
(Butter et al., 2008). Nowadays, robotic systems are in high demand in the healthcare sector
because this technology can perform tasks that humans cannot, do not want to do, or cannot do as
proficiently as robots can. As evidenced by overworked hospital staffs and a shortage of home
nurses, proficiency is regarded as an important factor in both hospital and home-based healthcare
settings. An aging population naturally boosts this market. People all over the world generally live
a longer life (Chen et al., 2019; Robinson et al., 2014).
Given its possible advantages, the difficulty of the processing and application of robotic system
data raises the possible safety and privacy challenges of the healthcare sector (Batth et al., 2019;
Simshaw et al., 2015). Their implementation must be a key element and provide awareness of
possible protection and privacy problems that if unnoticed could damage patients and customers,
weaken the interest of strategic investors of robotics system regarding the healthcare sector, and
hold back long-run revolution. Knightscope has developed robots that can scan a specific area for
intruders. They scan the perimeter of a facility or job site using a combination of thermal imaging
and video. There is also two-way audio available. When the robot detects an intruder, the system
can notify him that police are on their way.
Humanoid robots typically carry out human-like activities (such as running, jumping, and carrying
objects) and are sometimes designed to resemble us, including having human faces and
expressions. Examples of remotely controlled robots are human-controlled submersibles used to
repair undersea pipeline leaks during BPs oil spill, or unmanned aerial vehicles used to locate
mines in a battlespace. Robots are used extensively in industries such as auto manufacturing for
simple repetitive tasks, as well as industries in which the job needs to be performed in
environments dangerous to humans. Robot applications Today, industrial robots, along with many
other types of robots, are used for performing repetitive tasks.
Given the importance of human-robot interaction in medical robotics, research in assistive robotics
is devoted to interpreting human activity and the operation context in order to program robots to
cooperate proactively in assisting disabled in their daily tasks. This entails using recognition and
learning techniques to extract relevant image features in order to recognize human posture and
actions and relate them to the context environment and the evolution of tasks and activities. The
challenge is to find adequate algorithms that are both reliable and capable of reducing the amount
of data to be processed in order to operate in real time. For proper robot control, this information
must be compatible with the status of the environment, which necessitates perception and context
interpretation. More work has been done on integrating multiple robot arms to handle tasks that
require cooperative actuation.
In terms of technology transfer, the spin-off, Rob Surgical Systems S.L, has made significant
progress, having already begun experimentation with models in an experimental operating room
and progressing in the regulatory process. As part of the European Society for Gynaecological
Endoscopy, we have also advanced in the Surgitrainer project, a training simulator for minimally
invasive surgery, and a new specific robotic trainer has been designed, built, and evaluated in
Hospital de Sant Pau and our partner's Leuven premises. We are currently in the process of forming
a company. The goal is to gradually advance in new robot surgical techniques that assist surgeons
from the training phase to clinical interventions. Patients are increasingly willing to interact with
AI and robotics if it means better access to healthcare. The speed and accuracy with which
diagnoses and treatments are made is an important factor in this willingness. Trust in technology
is required for wider use and adoption, but the "human touch" is also an important part of the
healthcare experience.
Sensors are constantly improving, and artificial intelligence capabilities are more sophisticated
than ever. This means that it won't be long before robotics moves beyond factories and into facility
management. New sensors based on sonar or LIDAR (light imaging, detection, and ranging)
enable machines to "see" or detect people and objects in their surroundings. Building automation
has existed far longer than robotics. The first thermostat, invented in 1883 by a schoolteacher
named Warren Johnson, marks the beginning of building automation. Johnson later founded the
company Johnson Controls.
Mere presence and the ability to leverage the emerging trend of “crowdsourcing” are creating a
new global workforce, most of whom work from the comfort of their own homes. We’re seeing a
trifecta of forces contributing to this trend: the decreasing cost of computing and network
connectivity, the accessibility of tools like laptops, phones, and tablets, and the ability to work
anywhere. This last point is maybe the most important aspect, since it allows workers to choose
their location with little regard for where their employer or client happens to be. Yale University’s
Laboratory for Molecular Biology is turning to a broadly based system of artificial intelligence to
help researchers better understand gene expression, and predict how parts of the DNA sequence
might influence the expression of other genes.
Robotics is a higher-level class of mechatronics that includes automation, programming, and even
autonomous actions. The most basic definition states that mechatronics is integrating mechanical
systems with electronics, controls, and computer systems. Drawing a hard boundary between
mechatronics and robotics is not possible, since the two share a number of technologies and goals.
As automation and autonomous machines take on increasing importance in our society, robotics--
and its parent discipline, mechatronics--are more important than ever.
Mechatronics is now one of the most significant fields of engineering with respect to Industry 4.0
and the continued technical advances that are being introduced by this latest Industrial Revolution.
The mechatronics field helps companies stay competitive in a world in which technology is making
it possible to do more with less, faster than ever, and more individually. Mechatronics experts
work in the fields of cybersecurity, telecoms, computing, automotive engineering, robotics, AI,
and consumer products and packaging. Mechanics specialists work on large-scale industrial robots,
small robotics for picking and placing tasks, bottle-packing or food-and-drink product-packaging
systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, developing ride-control systems in amusement parks,
prototyping.
To perform the function, a combination of computer programming and algorithms, remote-
controlled manipulators, actuators, control systems--action, processing, and perception--real-time
sensors, and elements of automation contribute to the information that drives the operation of the
robot or robot system. The electrical aspects of robots are used to move (via motors), to perceive
(where electrical signals are used to measure things such as heat, sound, location, and power state),
and to operate (robots require a certain level of electrical power supply to its motors and sensors
in order to be able to be turned on and to carry out basic operations). All robots include a certain
level of computer programming code. They are also used in nuclear sciences, marine exploration,
transmission electrical signal maintenance, design of biomedical devices, etc. The robots need the
realization of integrated computing, technology, electrical, and biological mechanical, software
engineering.
Rockwell Automation's robots are used in automotive assembly to help with everything from
installing parts and painting cars to inventory management and quality control. Rockwell is
working on robots that will help automate the production of electric vehicles in the future. The
company provides various technologies and robots to assist in the scaling of an electric car factory.
Co-bots from Rethink Robotics assist with material handling, machine maintenance, testing and
inspection, and even packaging finished products. Sawyer (pictured above), the company's co-bot,
works with small parts and can fit into small spaces. Tennplasco used Sawyer from Rethink
Robotics to help build and inspect assembly line parts. It was said to do the work of two people.
Robots have been essential to the automotive industry for decades, and their importance will only
grow as cars and the manufacturing process become smarter. Robots assist humans in tasks ranging
from welding and inserting parts on an assembly line to using lasers to identify malfunctioning
vehicle parts. Humans will not be displaced by these robots anytime soon. Instead, they are
collaborative designs intended to maximize efficiency throughout the car-building process.
They've been doing it for years. Humans were reportedly 85 percent more productive working with
robots than without them in 2014.
Kuka's extensive line of robots and software automates the car-building process. For example, the
company's software can run everything from 3D visualizations to simulations and can be installed
into prefabricated robot applications. Kuka robots can carry large payloads and perform tasks like
welding, water jet cutting, and assembly line inspection. Kuka manufactures at least 18 auto
industry automation robots that perform tasks ranging from laser welding and washing to creating
seat elements for BMWs using 3D geometry.
References
1. Connor, E. et al., 2022. A Personable Robot: Meta-analysis of Robot. IEEE Robotics and
Automation Letters .
2. Sasiadek, J., 2014. Space Robotics and its Challenges, Ottawa: Carleton University.
3. R. Looije, M. A. Neerincx, and F. Cnossen, “Persuasive robotic assistant for health self-
management of older adults: Design and evaluation of social behaviors,” International
Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 386–397, 2010.
4. K. Ogawa, C. Bartneck, D. Sakamoto, T. Kanda, T. Ono, and H. Ishiguro, Can an
Android Persuade You? Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018, book section Chapter 14,
pp. 235–247.
5. M. Lohse, M. Hanheide, B. Wrede, M. L. Walters, K. L. Koay, D. S. Syrdal, A. Green,
H. Huttenrauch, K. Dautenhahn, G. Sagerer, and K. Severinson-Eklundh, “Evaluating
extrovert and introvert behaviour of a domestic robot; a video study,” in RO-MAN 2008 -
The 17th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive
Communication. IEEE, 2008, Conference Proceedings.
6. Sasiadek, J.Z., “”Space Robotics and Manipulators- The Past and The Future”, IFAC
Control Engineering Practice Journal, Vol. 2, No.4, 1994

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Importance of Robots in Mechatronics

  • 1. Reg Number: R167229L Student Name: Tinashe Kadiki Course Code: MTR503 Course Title: Robotics and Control Assignment: Discuss the importance of Robots in Mechatronics giving case studies
  • 2. Mechatronics is the integration of mechanical systems with electronic, control, and computer systems at its most basic level. Mechatronics has been linked to robotics since its inception. Robots have progressed from a robotic arm used in diecasting to an artificial intelligence-based humanoid robot as a result of various systems working together and communicating fluidly. Robots are becoming an important part of our world, and will continue to be in the future. They are used in many different fields, such as manufacturing, medical assistance, and entertainment. They have the ability to perform tasks that would be impossible for a human being, such as operating heavy machinery, lifting heavy objects, and providing assistance to people with disabilities. Robots have the potential to greatly improve our quality of life, and will continue to be an important part of society in the future. Robots are becoming an integral part of our world. They are used in our homes to do things for us, from fetching the mail to cleaning our house. They are used in manufacturing to help with tasks that humans couldn’t do, such as welding or packing. They are also being used in the field of health care, such as in surgery or in assisting patients who are unable to walk or speak. Robotics and mechatronics is the area in which mechanical engineering and electrical engineering combine, with the focus on computing-driven systems that allow devices to become more intelligent and more efficient. Robotics combines the fields of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, mechatronics, electronics, bioengineering, computing, control engineering, software engineering, and others. Robotics and mechatronics are the point at which mechanical and electrical engineering come together, using computer-controlled systems to make devices smarter and more efficient. Robotic systems assemble mechanical, electrical, and software components to accomplish the desired function. Robotics has led to the creation of a new field of study called mechatronics, which focuses on the interaction between robots and humans. The most common use of mechatronics today is in the manufacturing industry, where robots are used to perform tasks that would otherwise take a lot of human time and effort. However, mechatronics is only a few years old and there is still a lot of research that needs to be done in the field. Robots are also used in nuclear sciences, marine research, transmission electrical signal maintenance, design of biomedical devices, etc. Robotics requires implementation of integrated computing, fabrication, engineering, electrical and biological mechanics, software development.
  • 3. Robotics is also used in the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields as an educational tool. Humanoid robots are typically designed to do tasks in an open-ended setting, where they do not need human supervision. These robots typically carry out tasks similar to humans (such as running, jumping, and carrying objects) and are sometimes designed to resemble us, including having human-like faces and expressions. Robotics and mechatronics are the point at which mechanical engineering meets electrical engineering, using computer-controlled systems to make devices more intelligent and efficient. The most basic definition says that mechatronics is integrating mechanical systems with electronics, controls, and computer systems. Robots are becoming an increasingly important part of modern manufacturing. The first industrial robot was introduced in the 1940s, but it has only been in the last few years that we have seen a significant increase in their use. Today, robots are used in almost every aspect of manufacturing, from picking parts off the floor to welding complex assemblies. Robots have the potential to dramatically increase productivity, but their introduction has also led to job displacement in many industries. Unimate is regarded as the first industrial robot in the world. Unimate was the first mass-produced robot for factory automation, with its first prototype introduced in 1958. General Motors employed Unimate in the diecasting process, which included removing hot metal vehicle parts from a die, a perilous activity for people. Unimate was able to store digital commands that instructed the robot on how to fulfill its tasks. Honda first produced ASIMO in 2000, dubbed the "world's most humanoid robot." ASIMO could move across a variety of surfaces, climb stairs, and respond to simple spoken commands. ASIMO received improvements in 2011 to improve the robot's intelligence and add autonomous behavior control technology, with the goal of improving autonomy. "Coordination between visual and aural sensors enables ASIMO to detect a face and voice at the same time, enabling ASIMO to distinguish the voices of numerous people who are speaking at the same time," Honda says. Robotics combines fields such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, mechatronics, electronics, bioengineering, computing, control engineering, software engineering, among others. Robotics is a branch of engineering involving robot concept, design, manufacturing, and operation. Sophia, "a human-crafted science fiction character reflecting the future of AI and robotics, and a platform for advanced robotics and AI research," according to Hanson Robotics, is one of the most advanced robots to use mechatronics. Sophia, which was first activated in 2016, can display over
  • 4. 60 facial expressions, recognize people, answer questions, and have conversations. Since Sophia's release, Hanson has created 11 more AI-based robots, all of which can learn and improve based on their experiences. Robots are also used in nuclear sciences, marine research, transmission electrical signal maintenance, design of biomedical devices, etc. Robotics requires implementation of integrated computing, fabrication, engineering, electrical and biological mechanics, software development. Robotics is also used in the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields as an educational tool. Its projects include Sensor Guided Robotics, Mobile Robotics, WiFi Robotics, Surveillance Robotics, Gesture Based Robotics, etc. Robotics is a science and engineering related to robot appearance, manufacturing, applications, as well as computing systems to drive it, provide sensory feedback, and process knowledge. Much of that work is done within robotics; the mechanical engineering faculty at the University of Washington is on the cutting edge of robot-human interactions, nanorobotics, automation, and advanced manufacturing research. Courses focus on high-tech manufacturing, automation, robotics design and construction, mechanical and electrical systems, pneumatics, and hydraulics. Robots are revolutionizing the manufacturing industry, with their ability to perform tasks that were once only humanly possible. Robots are used in manufacturing to perform tasks such as picking items off the production line, loading and unloading materials, and welding to name a few. Robots have the potential to increase productivity and lower manufacturing costs, making them a vital part of the manufacturing industry. The impact of robots on the manufacturing industry has been so great that it is often referred to as the fourth industrial revolution. Robots are, without a doubt, one of the biggest technology breakthroughs of the past few decades. They have transformed the way people work and live, from manufacturing and logistics to healthcare and entertainment. The only limiting factor is our imagination: we can’t build them fast enough to meet the demand. The next breakthrough will be the Internet of Things (IoT), which is the idea of connecting everyday objects such as light bulbs and thermostats to the internet. The future will be full of robots. They will be our companions, our helpmates, our parts suppliers, and our coworkers. They will be our sensors, our interpreters, and our teachers. They will be our companions, our helpmates, our parts suppliers, and our coworkers.
  • 5. It is difficult to imagine a time without robots. They save lives by eliminating workplace injuries, such as carpal tunnel syndrome and repetitive strain injuries, which are common in factory workers. They have the potential to save the environment by reducing the amount of pollution emitted by factories. They have the potential to increase the standard of living for factory workers by increasing their productivity, which will result in a higher standard of living. Robotics is now being expanded into other industries such as medicine and transportation. One of the most exciting areas of robotics is in mechatronics. Mechatronics focuses on the interaction between robots and humans, and has the potential to revolutionize how we interact with technology. One of the most exciting areas of mechatronics is in the field of robotics. It is no longer science fiction. Robots can be found all over our homes, assisting with chores, reminding us of our schedules, and even entertaining our children. The most well-known example of a home robot is the autonomous vacuum cleaner Roomba. Furthermore, robots have evolved to do everything from autonomously mowing grass to cleaning pools. It is sometimes difficult to imagine a time when they were not a part of the industry. Robots have the potential to revolutionize the human experience in many aspects of our lives, and will likely become more common in our society. They will be used for a variety of purposes such as assisting the elderly, assisting people who are disabled, and even performing the functions of our pets. Robots have the ability to perform many tasks that were once only humanly possible. Robots are important as they can be used to fight forest fires. The heat of the summer months is when forest fires typically rage most aggressively. But this season, some forests are being saved from going up in smoke by robots. The Forest Service, which manages federal land in the United States, has partnered with companies such as Intuit, Amazon and Expedia to deploy fleets of aerial drones and firefighting robots. The goal is to help save resources and money, improve safety for firefighters and reduce the amount of time they spend battling the fires. Robots that provide companionship to the elderly. Robots have been assisting the elderly for several decades and are capable of performing simple tasks such as fetching items from cupboards, opening doors, and calling for help. A 1987 report indicated that approximately 100,000 elderly people in the United States were cared for by them. Since this report, however, the number of elderly people living with such robots has increased dramatically. As this trend continues to grow, the robot’s capabilities and the expectations of their use will increase. Robots that provide
  • 6. companionship to the elderly is becoming more and more common in our society; they are beginning to be used in homes and senior living facilities as well as in traditional healthcare settings. These “companion robots” are envisioned to provide a variety of benefits, including increased accessibility, improved autonomy, and potentially improved quality of life for the elderly. Shipping, handling, and quality control robots are quickly becoming essential for most retailers and logistics firms. Because we expect our packages to arrive at lightning speed, logistics companies use robots in warehouses and on the road to help maximize time efficiency. Currently, robots are removing your items from the shelves, transporting them across the warehouse floor, and packaging them. Furthermore, the rise of last-mile robots (robots that will autonomously deliver your package to your door) ensures that you will come face to face with a logistics bot in the near future. In the healthcare industry, robots have made enormous strides. These mechanical marvels are used in almost every aspect of healthcare, from robot-assisted surgeries to physical therapy bots that help humans recover from injury. Toyota's healthcare assistants, which help people regain their ability to walk, and "TUG," a robot designed to autonomously stroll through a hospital and deliver everything from medicines to clean linens, are two examples of robots at work in healthcare. Pharmaceutical companies have recently used robots to help speed up the fight against COVID- 19. These bots are now being used to fill and seal COVID-19 testing swabs, and some manufacturers are also using them to produce PPE and respirators. Self-driving vehicles are taking the world by storm, thanks to a combination of data science and robotics. Automakers such as Tesla, Ford, Waymo, Volkswagen, and BMW are all working on the next generation of transportation that will allow us to sit back, relax, and enjoy the ride. Uber and Lyft are also developing autonomous rideshare vehicles that do not require humans to operate them. Universal Robots developed three distinct co-bots that integrate into an automotive assembly line. Its robotic arm, which mimics the movement of a human arm, adds precision to various car manufacturing processes. The company's UX can replace human operators in dangerous, dirty, or monotonous jobs, freeing up workers for more advanced and fulfilling tasks. Space robotics is an enthralling field that was created for space explorations and missions. Human participation in space exploration has physical limitations that are related to human endurance.
  • 7. The length of flights and missions, combined with the hostile environment in space, limit human involvement. Unmanned and autonomous missions, as well as mission automation, have become essential for successful exploration. Space mobile robots can be used to explore the Earth, Moon, and outer planets, particularly Mars. However, the first robot used for space exploration was the Lunokhod 1, which was launched on the Moon on November 17, 1970 as part of the Luna 17 Mission. The vehicle weighed 756 kg. Lunokhod 2, another intriguing Moon rover, was launched on January 15, 1973, as part of the Luna 21 mission. The rover weighed 840 kg, and the mission lasted approximately 130 days. The Lunokhods Moon rovers were followed by a series of more or less advanced mobile robots used primarily for Mars exploration (Sasiadek, 2014). Robots are increasingly being positioned to collaborate with humans. This collaboration has the potential to reduce human workload, increase safety, and improve physical and psychological well-being. However, it is unclear whether humans will accept robots at this time. Any potential benefits of human–robot collaboration would be undermined by a lack of human acceptance. As a result, it is critical that robot designers employ methods to encourage humans to accept robots (Connor, et al., 2022). Robots, with the right sensor and processor system, could automate tasks such as cleaning and maintaining buildings, from windows and floors to HVAC ducts. This technology is already on the market. The Anataroller, a small mobile robot used in conjunction with a Cable EYE CD inspection camera, can inspect and clean ducts. The healthcare industry is concerned with infection diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The industry also deals with physical and psychological injuries in people. The health-care industry has the potential to be a significant contributor to any country's economy. Pharmaceutical executives can benefit from the framework of robotic predictability. At the turn of the century, employees in the healthcare services sector had to extend their hours of service in hospitals and ambulatory care. Because of the extended hours and prescriptions, a service robot was used for prescription-filling in a number of hospitals in 2007 (Lin et al., 2007). Aside from screening and barcode checking for the drug, the robotic device must reach the appropriate flask, collect the medicine and mark each flask, and package, store, and distribute filled medicines to patients (Butter et al., 2008). Nowadays, robotic systems are in high demand in the healthcare sector because this technology can perform tasks that humans cannot, do not want to do, or cannot do as
  • 8. proficiently as robots can. As evidenced by overworked hospital staffs and a shortage of home nurses, proficiency is regarded as an important factor in both hospital and home-based healthcare settings. An aging population naturally boosts this market. People all over the world generally live a longer life (Chen et al., 2019; Robinson et al., 2014). Given its possible advantages, the difficulty of the processing and application of robotic system data raises the possible safety and privacy challenges of the healthcare sector (Batth et al., 2019; Simshaw et al., 2015). Their implementation must be a key element and provide awareness of possible protection and privacy problems that if unnoticed could damage patients and customers, weaken the interest of strategic investors of robotics system regarding the healthcare sector, and hold back long-run revolution. Knightscope has developed robots that can scan a specific area for intruders. They scan the perimeter of a facility or job site using a combination of thermal imaging and video. There is also two-way audio available. When the robot detects an intruder, the system can notify him that police are on their way. Humanoid robots typically carry out human-like activities (such as running, jumping, and carrying objects) and are sometimes designed to resemble us, including having human faces and expressions. Examples of remotely controlled robots are human-controlled submersibles used to repair undersea pipeline leaks during BPs oil spill, or unmanned aerial vehicles used to locate mines in a battlespace. Robots are used extensively in industries such as auto manufacturing for simple repetitive tasks, as well as industries in which the job needs to be performed in environments dangerous to humans. Robot applications Today, industrial robots, along with many other types of robots, are used for performing repetitive tasks. Given the importance of human-robot interaction in medical robotics, research in assistive robotics is devoted to interpreting human activity and the operation context in order to program robots to cooperate proactively in assisting disabled in their daily tasks. This entails using recognition and learning techniques to extract relevant image features in order to recognize human posture and actions and relate them to the context environment and the evolution of tasks and activities. The challenge is to find adequate algorithms that are both reliable and capable of reducing the amount of data to be processed in order to operate in real time. For proper robot control, this information must be compatible with the status of the environment, which necessitates perception and context
  • 9. interpretation. More work has been done on integrating multiple robot arms to handle tasks that require cooperative actuation. In terms of technology transfer, the spin-off, Rob Surgical Systems S.L, has made significant progress, having already begun experimentation with models in an experimental operating room and progressing in the regulatory process. As part of the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy, we have also advanced in the Surgitrainer project, a training simulator for minimally invasive surgery, and a new specific robotic trainer has been designed, built, and evaluated in Hospital de Sant Pau and our partner's Leuven premises. We are currently in the process of forming a company. The goal is to gradually advance in new robot surgical techniques that assist surgeons from the training phase to clinical interventions. Patients are increasingly willing to interact with AI and robotics if it means better access to healthcare. The speed and accuracy with which diagnoses and treatments are made is an important factor in this willingness. Trust in technology is required for wider use and adoption, but the "human touch" is also an important part of the healthcare experience. Sensors are constantly improving, and artificial intelligence capabilities are more sophisticated than ever. This means that it won't be long before robotics moves beyond factories and into facility management. New sensors based on sonar or LIDAR (light imaging, detection, and ranging) enable machines to "see" or detect people and objects in their surroundings. Building automation has existed far longer than robotics. The first thermostat, invented in 1883 by a schoolteacher named Warren Johnson, marks the beginning of building automation. Johnson later founded the company Johnson Controls. Mere presence and the ability to leverage the emerging trend of “crowdsourcing” are creating a new global workforce, most of whom work from the comfort of their own homes. We’re seeing a trifecta of forces contributing to this trend: the decreasing cost of computing and network connectivity, the accessibility of tools like laptops, phones, and tablets, and the ability to work anywhere. This last point is maybe the most important aspect, since it allows workers to choose their location with little regard for where their employer or client happens to be. Yale University’s Laboratory for Molecular Biology is turning to a broadly based system of artificial intelligence to help researchers better understand gene expression, and predict how parts of the DNA sequence might influence the expression of other genes.
  • 10. Robotics is a higher-level class of mechatronics that includes automation, programming, and even autonomous actions. The most basic definition states that mechatronics is integrating mechanical systems with electronics, controls, and computer systems. Drawing a hard boundary between mechatronics and robotics is not possible, since the two share a number of technologies and goals. As automation and autonomous machines take on increasing importance in our society, robotics-- and its parent discipline, mechatronics--are more important than ever. Mechatronics is now one of the most significant fields of engineering with respect to Industry 4.0 and the continued technical advances that are being introduced by this latest Industrial Revolution. The mechatronics field helps companies stay competitive in a world in which technology is making it possible to do more with less, faster than ever, and more individually. Mechatronics experts work in the fields of cybersecurity, telecoms, computing, automotive engineering, robotics, AI, and consumer products and packaging. Mechanics specialists work on large-scale industrial robots, small robotics for picking and placing tasks, bottle-packing or food-and-drink product-packaging systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, developing ride-control systems in amusement parks, prototyping. To perform the function, a combination of computer programming and algorithms, remote- controlled manipulators, actuators, control systems--action, processing, and perception--real-time sensors, and elements of automation contribute to the information that drives the operation of the robot or robot system. The electrical aspects of robots are used to move (via motors), to perceive (where electrical signals are used to measure things such as heat, sound, location, and power state), and to operate (robots require a certain level of electrical power supply to its motors and sensors in order to be able to be turned on and to carry out basic operations). All robots include a certain level of computer programming code. They are also used in nuclear sciences, marine exploration, transmission electrical signal maintenance, design of biomedical devices, etc. The robots need the realization of integrated computing, technology, electrical, and biological mechanical, software engineering. Rockwell Automation's robots are used in automotive assembly to help with everything from installing parts and painting cars to inventory management and quality control. Rockwell is working on robots that will help automate the production of electric vehicles in the future. The company provides various technologies and robots to assist in the scaling of an electric car factory.
  • 11. Co-bots from Rethink Robotics assist with material handling, machine maintenance, testing and inspection, and even packaging finished products. Sawyer (pictured above), the company's co-bot, works with small parts and can fit into small spaces. Tennplasco used Sawyer from Rethink Robotics to help build and inspect assembly line parts. It was said to do the work of two people. Robots have been essential to the automotive industry for decades, and their importance will only grow as cars and the manufacturing process become smarter. Robots assist humans in tasks ranging from welding and inserting parts on an assembly line to using lasers to identify malfunctioning vehicle parts. Humans will not be displaced by these robots anytime soon. Instead, they are collaborative designs intended to maximize efficiency throughout the car-building process. They've been doing it for years. Humans were reportedly 85 percent more productive working with robots than without them in 2014. Kuka's extensive line of robots and software automates the car-building process. For example, the company's software can run everything from 3D visualizations to simulations and can be installed into prefabricated robot applications. Kuka robots can carry large payloads and perform tasks like welding, water jet cutting, and assembly line inspection. Kuka manufactures at least 18 auto industry automation robots that perform tasks ranging from laser welding and washing to creating seat elements for BMWs using 3D geometry. References 1. Connor, E. et al., 2022. A Personable Robot: Meta-analysis of Robot. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters . 2. Sasiadek, J., 2014. Space Robotics and its Challenges, Ottawa: Carleton University. 3. R. Looije, M. A. Neerincx, and F. Cnossen, “Persuasive robotic assistant for health self- management of older adults: Design and evaluation of social behaviors,” International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 386–397, 2010. 4. K. Ogawa, C. Bartneck, D. Sakamoto, T. Kanda, T. Ono, and H. Ishiguro, Can an Android Persuade You? Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018, book section Chapter 14, pp. 235–247. 5. M. Lohse, M. Hanheide, B. Wrede, M. L. Walters, K. L. Koay, D. S. Syrdal, A. Green, H. Huttenrauch, K. Dautenhahn, G. Sagerer, and K. Severinson-Eklundh, “Evaluating
  • 12. extrovert and introvert behaviour of a domestic robot; a video study,” in RO-MAN 2008 - The 17th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. IEEE, 2008, Conference Proceedings. 6. Sasiadek, J.Z., “”Space Robotics and Manipulators- The Past and The Future”, IFAC Control Engineering Practice Journal, Vol. 2, No.4, 1994