Book9 ENGLISH BOOKS for DIRECT METHOD

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BOOK 9

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Section 121.1
conventional
/kənˈvenʃ(ə)nəl/
fashionable
/ˈfæʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l
to set free
/set/ /friː/
to dig up
/dɪɡ/ /ʌp/
a graveyard
/ˈɡreɪvˌjɑː(r)d/
to dissect
/dɪˈsekt/
Irregular verbs
set – set – set dig – dug – dug
(the teacher explains the following in the students’ native language)
We use the infinitive or ‘verb+ing’ after ‘prefer’
when we talk about general opinions and preferences.
I prefer to live in a big city. I prefer living in a big city.
We use neither the infinitive nor ‘verb+ing’ after ‘prefer’
if we make a comparison.
They prefer hot chocolate to coffee. She prefers Spanish men to Swedish men.
We can use ‘would prefer’ when we talk about
specific situations/opinions/preferences.
- Would you like an apple?
- I would prefer an orange.
I’d prefer to take the 5 o’clock train tomorrow morning.

MOST SCHOOLS USE
CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF
LANGUAGE TEACHING.
>
Most schools use conventional methods of
language teaching.
IT WAS FASHIONABLE FOR MEN TO
HAVE LONG HAIR IN THE 80S.
>
It was fashionable for men to have long hair
in the 80s.
50 PRISONERS HAVE BEEN SET FREE
BY THE PRESIDENT.
>
50 prisoners have been set free by the
president.
ARCHEOLOGISTS OFTEN DIG UP
OLD BONES AND TOOLS.
>
Archeologists often dig up old bones and
tools.
MOST OF US ARE AFRAID TO WALK
THROUGH A GRAVEYARD AT NIGHT.
>
Most of us are afraid to walk through a
graveyard at night.
IT TAKES MANY HOURS TO DISSECT
A HUMAN BODY.
> It takes many hours to dissect a human body.
Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in the Italian town of Vinci.
Da Vinci never got married or had any children,
and that’s why nobody thought of him as a conventional person.
He was a vegetarian hundreds of years before it became fashionable.
In fact, he even bought animals at the market and set them free.
Da Vinci often spent nights digging up dead bodies in graveyards and then
dissected them to learn more about the human body!

WHY DID NOBODY THINK OF DA
VINCI AS A CONVENTIONAL
PERSON?
>
Nobody thought of Da Vinci as a
conventional person because he never got
married and never had children.
CAN YOU REMEMBER WHAT DA
VINCI USED TO DO WITH ANIMALS
HE BOUGHT AT THE MARKET?
>
Yes, I can remember what Da Vinci used to
do with animals he bought at the market. He
used to set them free.
IS IT TRUE THAT DA VINCI USED TO
DIG UP DEAD BODIES IN
GRAVEYARDS?
>
Yes, it’s true that Da Vinci used to dig up
dead bodies in graveyards.
WHAT DID HE DO WITH THE
BODIES?
> He dissected them.
WAS IT FASHIONABLE TO BE A
VEGETARIAN WHEN DA VINCI WAS
ALIVE?
>
No, it wasn’t fashionable to be a vegetarian
when Da Vinci was alive.
WHY DID DA VINCI DISSECT THE
BODIES HE DUG UP IN
GRAVEYARDS?
>
Da Vinci dissected the bodies he dug up in
graveyards to learn more about the human
body.
WOULD YOU PREFER YOUR
TEACHER TO BE A MORE
CONVENTIONAL PERSON?
>
Yes, I’d prefer my teacher to be a more
conventional person.
WHY DO YOU THINK IT’S SO
IMPORTANT FOR TEENAGERS TO
WEAR FASHIONABLE CLOTHES?
>
I think it’s so important for teenagers to wear
fashionable clothes because it helps them feel
part of a group.
HAVE YOU EVER SET ANY ANIMALS
FREE?
> No, I’ve never set any animals free.
IS IT IMPORTANT FOR SCIENTISTS
TO DIG UP BODIES OF ANCIENT
PEOPLE AND ANIMALS?
>
Yes, it’s important for scientists to dig up
bodies of ancient people and animals.
WHY ARE SOME PEOPLE AFRAID TO
WALK THROUGH A GRAVEYARD AT
NIGHT?
>
Some people are afraid to walk through a
graveyard at night because they watch too
many horrors and imagine they might be
attacked by a ghost.
HOW DO YOU FEEL WHEN YOU
HEAR ABOUT SOMEBODY
DISSECTING A HUMAN BODY?
>
I feel very uncomfortable / curious when I
hear about somebody dissecting a human
body.

WOULD YOU PREFER TO BE BORN IN
A DIFFERENT CENTURY?
>
Yes, I’d prefer to be born in a different
century.
DO YOU PREFER TO STUDY ENGLISH
WITH A GROUP OF STUDENTS OR
ALONE WITH A TEACHER?
>
I prefer to study English with a group of
students than alone with a teacher.
(the students make questions to the following answers)
NO, I WOULDN’T LIKE TO DISSECT A
HUMAN BODY.
> Would you like to dissect a human body?
YES, I’D PREFER TO BE MORE
SUCCESSFUL AT WORK.
>
Would you prefer to be more successful at
work?
NO, I DON’T THINK ZOOS SHOULD
SET ANIMALS FREE.
> Do you think zoos should set animals free?
YES, IT’S IMPORTANT FOR ME TO
HAVE A FASHIONABLE KITCHEN AT
HOME.
>
Is it important for you to have a fashionable
kitchen at home?
Section 121.2
a telegraph
/ˈtelɪˌɡrɑːf/
to telegraph
/ˈtelɪˌɡrɑːf/
electricity
/ɪˌlekˈtrɪsɪti/
a phonograph
/ˈfəʊnəɡrɑːf/
to record
/rɪˈkɔː(r)d/
a light bulb
/ˈlaɪt bʌlb/
progress
/ˈprəʊɡres/
to progress /prəˈɡres/

(the teacher explains the following in the students’ native language)
Instead of ‘would prefer’ we can also use ‘would rather’,
but we need to remember that we use the bare infinitive
(without ‘to’) after ‘would rather’.
I would rather play tennis than basketball.
I’d rather not go to the party if you don’t mind.
When we use ‘he/she/it/we/you/they etc’
with the expression ‘would rather’,
we must remember to put the sentence that follows in the past
tense, even though it still refers to a present situation.
I’d rather you stayed here. He’d rather they didn’t come.
I’d rather Mark didn’t use my car. She’d rather I returned home at 10 pm.
When we give a year we normally divide it in tens.
1245 – twelve / forty-five 1964 – nineteen / sixty-four
2010 – twenty / ten 2187 – twenty-one / eighty-seven
When we give a year between 2000 and 2009
(or 1000 and 1009) the year isn’t divided.
2000 – two thousand 2002 – two thousand (and) two
2005 – two thousand (and) five 2008 – two thousand (and) eight
REMEMBER: the word ‘and’ is often not pronounced.

IT ISN’T VERY COMMON TO USE
TELEGRAPH NOWADAYS.
>
It isn’t very common to use telegraph
nowadays.
CHILDREN AREN’T USUALLY
ALLOWED TO PLAY WITH
ELECTRICITY BECAUSE IT CAN BE
DANGEROUS.
>
Children aren’t usually allowed to play with
electricity because it can be dangerous.
IT WAS VERY POPULAR TO USE A
PHONOGRAPH FOR LISTENING TO
MUSIC FIFTY YEARS AGO.
>
It was very popular to use a phonograph for
listening to music fifty years ago.
YOUNG PEOPLE LOVE TO RECORD
ONE ANOTHER AND UPLOAD THEIR
FILMS ON THE INTERNET.
>
Young people love to record one another and
upload their films on the internet.
WE CAN WORK AT ANY TIME OF
DAY AND NIGHT THANKS TO LIGHT
BULBS.
>
We can work at any time of day and night
thanks to light bulbs.
MANAGERS ASK FOR PROGRESS
REPORTS AT LEAST FOUR TIMES A
YEAR.
>
Managers ask for progress reports at least
four times a year.
Many people don’t know that Thomas Edison came from a poor family.
He had to leave school and work from an early age.
When he was 12 he worked as a telegraph boy for the Canadian railways.
Because of this work, he became interested in electricity and inventing
things to make money. In 1877 he invented the phonograph, which he used
for playing music and recording sounds. In 1879 he invented the first light
bulb. Thanks to these and many other inventions Thomas Edison was a rich
man when he died in 1931.

WHAT FAMILY DID THOMAS EDISON
COME FROM?
> Thomas Edison came from a poor family.
CAN YOU TELL ME SOMETHING
ABOUT EDISON’S EARLY YEARS OF
LIFE?
>
Yes, I can. Edison had to leave school as a
child and worked as a telegraph boy when he
was only 12 years old.
HOW DID EDISON BECOME
INTERESTED IN ELECTRICITY?
>
Edison became interested in electricity
because of his work for the Canadian
railways.
WHAT WAS EDISON’S FIRST
INVENTION?
> Edison’s first invention was the phonograph.
WHEN DID EDISON INVENT THE
FIRST LIGHT BULB?
> Edison invented the first light bulb in 1879.
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT
THOMAS EDISON IN HIS LATE
YEARS OF LIFE?
>
We know that Edison was a rich man in his
late years of life.
WOULD YOU RATHER TEACH OR BE
TAUGHT ENGLISH?
> I’d rather be taught English than teach.
WOULD YOU RATHER BE BORN IN
1945 OR 2005?
>
I think I’d rather be born in 2005 than in
1945.
WOULD YOU RATHER I TAUGHT
YOU BIOLOGY?
>
No, I wouldn’t rather you taught us biology
but I’d rather you taught us English.
WOULD YOU RATHER POLITICIANS
TOLD THE TRUTH?
> Yes, I’d rather politicians told the truth.
DO YOU HAVE ANY IDEA HOW
TELEGRAPH WORKS?
>
Yes, I have some idea how telegraph works
but I don’t know the details.
DO YOU HAVE ANY USEFUL
EQUIPMENT AT HOME THAT WORKS
WITHOUT ELECTRICITY?
>
Yes, I do. My bicycle and the gas cooker
work without electricity.
IS IT COMMON TO USE
PHONOGRAPH FOR RECORDING
SOUND THESE DAYS?
>
No, it isn’t common to use phonograph for
recording sound these days.

WAS THE INVENTION OF THE LIGHT
BULB AN IMPORTANT EVENT IN OUR
HISTORY?
>
Yes, the invention of the light bulb was an
important event in our history.
WHY? >
Because thanks to this invention people can
see well at any time of day and night.
WOULD IT BE EASY TO CONTINUE
STUDYING ENGLISH IF YOU DIDN’T
SEE ANY PROGRESS?
>
No, it wouldn’t be easy to continue studying
English if I didn’t see any progress.
(the students make questions to the following answers)
YES, I’D RATHER MY CHILDREN
DIDN’T ASK ME SO MANY
QUESTIONS.
>
Would you rather your children didn’t ask
you so many questions?
YES, I KNOW WHAT A PHONOGRAPH
LOOKS LIKE.
> Do you know what a phonograph looks like?
YES, THERE HAS BEEN MUCH
PROGRESS SINCE THE LIGHT BULB
WAS INVENTED.
>
Has there been much progress since the light
bulb was invented?
NO, I DON’T LIKE IT WHEN PEOPLE
RECORD AN INTERVIEW WITH ME
IN THE STREET.
>
Do you like it when people record an
interview with you in the street?

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