2. I
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D
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C
T
I
O
N
Project Method is one of the
modern method of teaching in
which the curriculum content is
considered from child's point
of view. It is related to his need
& interest in the context of life
situation. This method is based
on philosophy of Pragmatism
and principles of 'Learning by
doing'.
3. DEFINITION
According to Willium
H Kilpatrick, 'Project
Method is a whole-
hearted, purposeful
activity preceding in a
social environment.
01
According to
Stevenson, ‘A project
method is problematic
act carried to
completion in its
natural setting'.
02
4. CHARACTERISTICS OF
SELECTING PROJECT
It should be
problematic in
nature
The student
should gain
definite
attainable goal
Purposeful,
Natural life-like
in its procedure
to attain the
goal
Directed &
planned by the
students
Practicable in
Nature
Evaluated
objectively
Timely, challenging &
feasible
5. TYPES OF PROJECT
ACCORDING TO DR
WILLIAM H KILPATRICK-
Producer
Type
Consumer
Type
Problem
Type
Drill Type
BASED ON PURPOSE &
OBJECTIVES-
• Production of some
physical & material
product
• Learning project,
acquisition of some
ability
• Intellectual project
6. 1.Producer Type: Projects in which learners are
getting to do something like participating in
workshops or game activities, conduct
exhibition, planning to execute a model of a
circulation for anatomy lab, etc.
2. Consumer Type: Projects in which learners
are getting the experience and are enjoying.
e.g.- Participating in cultural activities; extra
cultural activities-games & sports.
3. Problem Type: Project in which a solution to
a problems is worked out.
e.g.- Drugs and solutions calculations in basic
principles of nursing & practice.
4. Drill Type: An activity once performed, is
repeated to acquire greater skill.
e.g.- a nursing student may be given a project to
obtain competency skills in specific nursing
procedures such as mouth care, back care,
enema administration, intramuscular injection,
suctioning.
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8. Choosing and purposing: The
student need to choose the project themselves to
satisfy their definite needs or purposes. The
student should be encouraged to originate the
project. The following point are considered in
selection of a project-
•It is purposeful and has definite education value
•It is challenging but within the range of students
ability
•It requires reasonable amount of effort
•Resources are available and within economical
means
•Required time is available on the time table
Planning: Planning is concerned with
working out details procedure of doing the project.
Planning should be done by the student under the
guidance of teacher. A good plan this to have
student draw the blueprint of entire plan so that
student can critically examine every propose step
of accomplishment. Reference and direction for
collection of data maybe required.
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9. Execution : This is very important and interesting step of project teaching
as it provides opportunity for students to do activities in which they are
interested and capable and learn various useful experience. During the
execution of project, the teachers should carefully supervise the students in
manipulative skills to prevent a waste of materials & guard against
accidents.
Recording: It is important and essential maintain complete record of
project work competition. The project book needs to be maintain by each
student. It should provide comprehensive picture of entire project.
Evaluation:Evaluation of the whole project work experiences to be done
against preset standards. This would help identify any mistake, take actions
or improvement. The evaluation can also be done by the teacher & give
feedback to make improvement.
S T E P S
10. ROLE OF A TEACHER IN PROJECT
METHOD
The teacher has skilfully guide in the selection.
Should be good promoter
Act as Director, i.e.- the teacher's psychological knowledge must be
thorough & specific
Must be Keen observer & true sympathizer
Store house of information & knowledge
The student has to be given help when required
The relations of the student & teacher should be much closer &
informal than in ordinary classroom
11. ADVANTAGES OF PROJECT
METHOD
Arouses and maintain the interest of the student
Gives freedom of thought of the students & action while doing the work
Provides more creative and constructing thinking of the student
Help the student to think logically and scientifically before starting the project
It facilitates for the development of doing ability and related learning
is coordinated by putting them into practice
Helps to know the individual differences
Provides the growth of individual through activity
Group project develops team spirit & cooperation
It teaches students to evaluate & judge his finished work by comparing
12. DISADVANTAGES OF THE
PROJECT METHOD
Wrong selection of
topic
Over consumption
of time
Material may be
costly, me not be
available
Chances of subject
matter overlapping
Over individualism &
under development of
cooperation & group
responsibility
Some students may
remain in the background
and me take very little
responsibility & do very
little work
Leaves gaps in
student knowledge
13. CONCLUSION
The project as method of teaching is most helpful
for the student to develop in creative thinking and
student can be able to solve the problem easily.
Much of the learning activities are self-motivated.
It allows for good experiences in sharing our the
work & cooperating towards a goal.
