Carbon part 1 For whole video YouTube link : https://youtu.be/NyKymxWbHYI Like 👍share🤳comment 📲and don't forget to subscribe 🔔 Like share盧comment and don't forget to subscribe  Boost your learning with Fundoo Tutor:- You will get 1- Experienced and Qualified Teachers from all over India 2-Advanced Online Interactive Classes (One to One) or ( Group Interactive classes max 5 students in a batch ) 3- A mentor will be there 24hrs to clear your doubts or any problem 4- Trusted by many Users all Over India 3-Start learning and Growing With Fundoo Tutor Visit us here: https://fundootutor.com/ Book Your Demo class from here also: https://lnkd.in/gsJkvH5

1. CARBON & IT’S
COMPOUNDS

3. Occurrence of carbon
Free State Combined State
• Graphite
• Diamond
• C combines with other
elements to form
compounds.
• CO2
• C6 H12 O6
• C12 H22 O11
• C8 H18
• CaCO3 , MgCO3

4. Carbon ( C )
• Atomic Number – 6
• Electronic Configuration – (2 , 4)
K , L ( Valence Shell )
• Valency of Carbon - 4

5. • C + 4e- = C4- (Anion)
- Gain 4 electrons
- Difficult for nucleus with 6 p+ to hold 10 e-
• C = C4+ + 4e- (Cation)
- Lose 4 electrons
- Require large amount of energy to remove 4e-
- Imbalance between 6 p+ with just 2e-

6. TYPES OF BOND
Ionic Covalent
• Give and take of e-
• Example :
• H+ with Cl- gives
HCl
• Sharing of e-
• Example :
• H2 , Cl2

7. Ionic Covalent
Formed By
Transfer of electrons that
are positively and
negatively charged.
Sharing the electrons.
Bonding
Involves a metal and
nonmetal
Between nonmetals.
Solubility in water More Less
Shape Definite No shape
Conductor of Heat Good Bad
Conductor of Electricity Good Bad

8. Ionic Covalent
Melting Point High Low
Boiling Point High Low
State at room
Temperature
Solid Solid, Liquid, Gaseous

9. How elements form Covalent Bonds ?
Hydrogen Atomic Number – 1
• 1 electron in K Shell
• Requires 1 electron to fill K Shell
• 1 electron contributed by each Hydrogen atom
• 1 pair of shared electrons – Constitutes Single Bond
H - H

10. Chlorine Atomic Number – 17

11. Oxygen Atomic Number – 8
• Outermost Shell - L Shell – 6 electrons
• Requires 2 electrons to complete its octet.
• 2 electrons contributed by each Oxygen atom
• 2 pairs of shared electrons – Constitutes Double Bond

12. Water – H2O

13. Nitrogen Atomic Number – 7
• Outermost Shell - L Shell – 5 electrons
• Requires 3 electrons to complete its octet.
• 3 electrons contributed by each Nitrogen atom
• 3 pairs of shared electrons – Constitutes Triple Bond

14. Ammonia – NH3

15. • How is carbon different from other elements ?
• 4 covalent bonds – tetravalent
• C is tetravalent in nature.

16. • Self combination ( Catenation )
C8 H18 - Petrol
• Carbon has a unique ability to combine with other
carbon atoms to form long carbon chains, this ability
of carbon is known as catenation. ( Can form infinite
compounds)

17. • Cause of Catenation
• Due to small size of C atom, the covalent bond
between the carbon atoms become very strong, as the
nuclei of two carbon atoms hold the shared electrons
very tightly.

18. • Versatile Nature of Carbon
- TETRAVALENCY
- Capable of bonding with other 4 atoms of Carbon
- Or atoms of other mono – valent elements
- Combines with oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine
and many other elements.
- Gives rise to specific properties of compounds, which
depends on the elements other than Carbon.
- Small size – Strong Bond

19. • Versatile Nature of Carbon
- CATENATION
- Compounds may have long or branched chains of carbon
- Carbon atoms arranged in rings.
- Linked by single, double or triple bonds.
- Silicon have chains upto seven or eight atoms, but are very
reactive.
- Carbon – Carbon bond is very strong & hence stable.
- Gives large number of compounds with many carbons linked
to each other.

20. Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds
1. Ethane
CH3CH3
C2H6
• Valencies of all the atoms is satisfied by single bonds
• Such carbon compounds are called Saturated
compounds
• Normally not very reactive

21. 2. Ethene
CH2CH2
C2H4
• If only two Hydrogen atoms attached with each Carbon
• One valency per carbon remains unsatisfied
• It can be satisfied only if there is a Double bond
between two carbon atoms

22. • If only one Hydrogen atom attached with each Carbon
• Two valencies per carbon remains unsatisfied
• It can be satisfied only if there is a Triple bond between
two carbon atoms
3. Ethyne
CHCH
C2H2

24. • Compounds of Carbon having Single bond
between the carbon atoms are known as
Saturated Carbon Compounds.
• Compounds of Carbon having Double and Triple
bonds between the carbon atoms are known as
Unsaturated Carbon Compounds.
• Unsaturated Carbon compounds are more reactive
than Saturated Carbon compounds.

26. • Formulae and Structures of Saturated Compounds of
Carbon and Hydrogen
( Straight Chain Carbon Compounds )

27. Structural Isomers ( Branched Chain Carbon Compounds )
Butane C4H10
Inner C attached with
other two carbon atoms
Inner C attached with
other three carbon atoms
• Identical Molecular Formula
• Different Structures

28. Cyclic Carbon Compounds
Cyclo Hexane Benzene
C6H12 C6H6