Segregation

1. Patterns of Racial &
Ethnic Relations
Professor Christine Monnier

2. What are patterns of racial & ethnic relations?
Regular ways in which the dominant group treats the subordinate group(s):

3. Segregation
PATTERNS OF RACIAL / ETHNIC RELATIONS

4. Segregation
The practice of separating people socially and
spatially based on race and / or ethnicity.
Segregation is imposed upon the minority(ies)
by the dominant group.
United States before the Civil Rights (p.211)
South Africa’s apartheid system

5. Segregation – The Macro View
Segregation is a system
Segregation inscribed in the law: de jure
segregation
Segregation in fact: de facto segregation

6. Segregation – The Macro View

7. Discrimination
Discrimination involves
actions or practices of
dominant-group
members (or their
representatives) that
have a harmful effect on
members of a
subordinate group.

8. Discrimination
Individual: one-on-one acts by
members of the dominant group that
harm members of the subordinate
group or their property.
Institutional: the day-to-day practices
of organizations and institutions that
have a harmful effect on members of
subordinate groups.

9. Discrimination
Merton’s Typology of attitude v. behavior
Prejudiced Attitude?
Yes No
Discriminatory
Behavior?
Yes Prejudiced discriminator Unprejudiced
discriminator
No Prejudiced non-
discriminator
Unprejudiced non-
discriminator

10. Discrimination
Joe Feagin’s four major types
of discrimination:
1. Isolate discrimination
2. Small-group discrimination
3. Direct institutionalized
discrimination
4. Indirect institutionalized
discrimination

11. Segregation – The Micro View
Prejudice
Stereotype
Micro-aggressions
Interpersonal violence
Social control
Social sanctions

12. Stereotype
Overgeneralizations
about the appearance,
behavior, or other
characteristics of
members of particular
categories.

13. Prejudice
A prejudice is a negative
attitude based on faulty
generalizations about
members of specific
racial, ethnic, or other
groups.

14. Racism
Racism is a set of attitudes,
beliefs, and practices that is
used to justify the superior
treatment of one racial or
ethnic group and the inferior
treatment of another racial
or ethnic group.

15. Macro + Micro = Structural Violence
Structural violence
Concept coined by Prof. Johann Galtung
Refers to the multiple ways in which social
structures deprive individuals of the means of
achieving their needs and aspirations.
Contrast to interpersonal violence.
Structural violence produces worse social
outcomes for its victims.

16. Structural Violence
There is no benign segregation.
No “separate but equal” is possible in a
structurally violent system.
Structural violence includes interpersonal
violence.
System lasts longer than individuals.
Social structures can persist even when belief
systems are less prevalent.
The effects persist over generations.
De facto segregation.