Basics of computer languages with different types in detail.

1. COMPUTER
SNEHA SUMAN
1
Class-VI

2. Chapter – 1
Computer Language
Language
Program & Programming
Generations of computer language
 First generation as Machine Language
 Second generation as Assembly Language
 Third generation as High level language
 Forth generation language
2

3. • Language :
Language is a medium to express views & ideas.
It helps to communicate with each other.
• Program :
It is a set of instructions which tells computer what to
do.
• Programming :
The process of writing specific instruction is known as
Programming. Each programming language has its
own rules and syntax.

4. • Syntax :
These are the rules and regulations to form a
statement in programming. (ex. Formulas in
mathematics)
• Software :
This is the collection of different programs.
Software
Program
Program Program
Program
Program
(set of instruction)

5. • Computer language has been classified into
following categories :-
First generation as Machine Language
Second generation as Assembly Language
Third generation as High level language
Forth generation language

6. First Generation as Machine Language
• Machine language is the only language understand
by computer.
• It is expressed in 0 and 1.
• 0 means “OFF ” and 1 means “ON” state.
• It works in high speed with uses of low memory.
• It is difficult to understand and time consuming.
• It is difficult to write and run the machine
language.
• It is Machine dependent. (may or may not run in
other computer).
• This language is also known as Low Level Language
(LLL).

7. Second Generation as Assembly Language
• This language uses “mnemonic codes” or “symbols”.
• Mnemonic codes are the predefined words and
symbols in assembly language which helps to write
programs.
• It is easy to use for users.
• Comparison between machine language and
assembly language:
•For example : 0010 is equal to “ADD”.
•Assembly language having a Translator program
known as Assembler.
•Assembler : is used to convert assembly language
into computer language.

8. Cont…
• Source Program: The program written in assembly
language is known as Source program.
• Object Program : The program converted into
machine language by assembler is known as object
program and object code.
• Assembly language is also machine dependent and
time taking. So, it is also known as Low Level
Language.

9. Third Generation as High Level Language
•High level language is simple and user
friendly language.
•It is machine independent.
•It is quite similar to english language.
•Many users are developing programs by
using these languages, therefore this is
known as high level language.
•Some popular languages are :- C, C++, JAVA
etc.
•HLL is also having Translator program.

10. Cont…
•There are two types of translator programs :
•Interpreter
•Compiler
Interpreter Compiler
It translates the program line by line. It translates the whole program at
once.
Execution time is slower. Execution time is faster.
Shows and remove single error at a
time.
Shows and remove more than one
error.
It is preferred beginners.
(new developers)
It is preferred by new generation
users.

11. Fourth Generation Language (4GL)
• It is having following features:
• It is user friendly.
• It is portable and independent of
computer/operating system.
• High speed execution.
• It is designed to reduce efforts, overall
time and cost for developing programs.
• In this user can see the quality of the
output and design of output.

12. Some important points:
• Lady Ada Lovelace is the first programmer.
• Locator Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP)
was the first computer language program for
artificial intelligence program, created by John
McCarthy.
• The first interactive computer game was
Spacewar.
• The term Software was first used by John W.
Tukey in 1957.
• Beta release refers technology which is used for
testing and evalution purpose.

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