2. JAUNDICE
IT IS THE YELLOWISH DISCOLORATION OF SKIN, MUCUS MEMBRANE, INTERSTITIAL FLUID AND
SCLERA DUE TO DEPOSITION OF BILIRUBIN WHICH OCCURS IN PRESENCE OF
HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA.
JAUNICE MEANS YELLOW.
*ICTERUS :- YELLOW COLORATION OF SCLERA DUE TO HYPERBILURUBINEMIA.
*CHOLESTASIS :-IMPAIRMENT OF BILE OUTFLOW FROM HEPATOCYTE.
*KERNICTERUS :- EXCESS BILIRUBIN DAMAGING THE BRAIN OR CNS.
3. • NORMAL SERUM BILIRUBIN LEVEL – 0.3-1.0 MG/DL
• CONJUGATED – 0.1-0.3 MG/DL
• UNCONJUGATED – 0.2-0.7 MG/DL
• Clinically jaundice is evident when serum bilirubin crosses 3 mg/DL.
• Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia - when direct bilirubin level is less than 15% of total serum bilirubin.
• Conjugated hyperbilurubinemia - when direct bilirubin level is greater than 15%
4. SITES TO BE EXAMINED
• UPPER BULBAR CONJUNCTIVA (CONTAINS ELASTIN WHICH HAS HIS AFFINITY FOR BILIRUBIN)
• BASE OF TONGUE.
• MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF PALATE (SPECIALLY SOFT PALATE)
• PALMS AND SOLES
• GENERAL SKIN SURFACE
5. BILIRUBIN
• BILIRUBIN IS A YELLOWISH PIGMENT FOUND IN BILE, A FLUID MADE BY THE LIVER.
• THE BREAKDOWN PRODUCT OF HB FROM INJURED RBCS AND OTHER HEME CONTAINING PROTEINS.
• PRODUCED BY RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM
• RELEASED TO PLASMA BOUND TO ALBUMIN
• HEPATOCYTES CONJUGATE IT AND EXCRETE THROUGH BILE CHANNELS INTO SMALL INTEST.
