2. ❑ METHOD WHICH IS USED TO SOLVE PROBLEMS SCIENTIFICALLY.
❑“METHOD OF SCIENCE” OR “METHOD OF SCIENTIST”
❑DELIBERATE EFFORTS ARE NEEDED TO FACILITATE
❑MORE EFFECTIVE THAN TRADITIONAL TEACHING METHODS
WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC METHOD?
3. ❑ PROCESS OF FINDING OUT RESULTS BY ATTACKING A
PROBLEM IN DEFINITE STEPS.
❑ INVOLVES CRITICAL THINKING,LOGICAL
REASONING,SYSTEMATIC ORGANISATION AND
UNDERSTANDING AT EACH STEPS.
❑STUDENTS ARE INVOLVED IN INVESTIGATORY PROBLEMS
WHOSE SOLUTIONS ARE NOT AVAILABLE IN BOOKS.
4. STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD
◦THERE ARE 6 STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD;
1. QUESTION
2. RESEARCH
3. HYPOTHESIS
4. EXPERIMENT
5. DATA ANALYSIS
6. CONCLUSION
5.
6. 1. QUESTION OR PURPOSE
❑IT STARTS WHEN YOU
ASK A QUESTION
ABOUT SOMETHING
THAT YOU OBSERVE
8. 2. RESEARCH
❑CONDUCTING BACKGROUND RESEARCH ON THE QUESTION
❑LEARNER CAN USE;
1. LIBRARY
2.INTERNET
3.CHECKING REFERENCES
4.VIEWING ABSTRACTS
5.INTERVIEWING EXPERTS
❑THE MORE WE KNOW ABOUT THE SUBJECT, THE EASIER IT WILL BE
TO CONDUCT INVESTIGATION
9.
10. 3.HYPOTHESIS
◦ THE ‘INTELLIGENT’ OR ‘EDUCATED’ GUESS.
◦ WRITTEN IN TERMS OF CAUSE AND EFFECT
◦ DESCRIBING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO PHENOMENA
◦ REJECTING A HYPOTHESIS IS MORE USEFUL THAN ACCEPTING ONE.
◦ MUST BE EASY TO MEASURE
11.
12.
13. 4.EXPERIMENT
◦ TO TEST HYPOTHESIS
◦ SHOULD BE A FAIR TEST
◦ CHANGING ONE FACTOR AT A TIME
◦ SHOULD REPEAT THE EXPERIMENT TO MAKE SURE THE RESULTS
WEREN’T JUST AN ACCIDENT
14.
15. 5.DATA ANALYSIS
◦ DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS IS TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE
HYPOTHESIS SUPPORT OR NOT
◦ IF IT IS NOT, ONE SHOULD GO BACK TO THE THIRD STAGE AND
CONSTRUCT A NEW HYPOTHESIS BASE ON THE RESULTS OF 4TH STAGE.
◦ PROCESS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD BEGINS AGAIN.
◦ IF IT SUPPORTS, TEST IT AGAIN IN A NEW WAY.
16. ◦ RIGHT/WRONG; EITHER RESULT IS FINE.
◦ TESTING HYPOTHESIS AGAIN AND
AGAIN GIVE DIFFERENT RESULTS.
◦ COMMUNICATION OF RESULTS IS
NECESSARY.
20. ADVANTAGES
◦ DO THEIR OWN LEARNING UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THEIR TEACHER
◦ TO PROPOSE,FORMULATE AND STRUCTURE PROBLEMS
◦ TO COLLECT VARIED INFORMATION FROM DIFFEERENT SOURCES.
◦ COLLECT EVIDENCE TO PROVE OR DISPROVE IDENTIFIED HYPOTHESIS
◦ MORE CLOSELY FAMILIAR WITH APPLICATIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS
INSTEAD OF HAVING MERE KNOWLEDGE
◦ LEARN TO SOLVE EVERYDAY PROBLEMS
21.
22. DISADVANTAGES
◦ VERY SLOW, LONG, AND TIME CONSUMING
◦ TOO MUCH EMPHASIS ON PRACTICAL WORK
◦ TEACHERS HAVE NOT PRACTICED TEACHING IN
THIS METHOD
◦ ALL STUDENTS ARE NOT CAPABLE
