this ppt provides an overview of the role of community pharmacy and pharmacist in vaccination or immunization services

1. ROLE OF COMMUNITY
PHARMACY AND
PHARMACIST IN
IMMUNIZATION
BY-
SIDDHARTH
DHAKA

2. INTRODUCTION
Vaccination is the administration
of antigenic material (a vaccine) to
stimulate an individual's immune system
to develop adaptive immunity to
a pathogen.
Community pharmacists are the health
professionals most accessible to the
public. They supply medicines in
accordance with a prescription or, when
legally permitted, sell them without a
prescription and also helps in

3.  VACCINE:-A vaccine is a biological
preparation that improves immunity to a
particular disease.
 It contains certain agents that not only
resembles a disease causing microorganism
but it also stimulates body’s immune system
recognize the foreign agents.
 HISTORY:-British physician Edward Jenner
in 1796 used the cowpox virus to confer
protection against cowpox.
 In 1885 the French microbiologist Louis
Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first
vaccine against rabies.
 A vaccine is a preparation of suspensions of
killed or attenuated microorganisms, or
products or derivatives of microorganisms,
which are intended to produce immunity to a
specific disease by stimulating the production

5. ROLE OF COMMUNITY PHARMACY
Support completion of multi dose vaccines.
Identify high-risk patients easily based upon
their medications (inferred diagnosis)
Awareness campaigns
Vaccine resource/drug information
Contribution to registries

6. Community Pharmacy
Community pharmacy as a provider
of healthcare services
Community pharmacy as a provider
of vaccination services
Patient preference for community
pharmacy vaccination Services

7. ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN IMMUNIZATION
 Participating in the strategic planning of the managed
introduction of Immunization programmes
 Advising on systems needed to optimize the use of vaccines
in the event of emergencies
 Providing information on the handling and storage of
vaccines.
 Maintaining appropriate records.
 Pharmacists can play an important role in disease prevention
by advocating and administering immunizations.
 Immunization Administration pharmacists can administer
vaccines or host other health care professionals who can
administer vaccines

8. IMMUNIZATION PROMOTION
Pharmacists who do not administer
vaccines can promote immunization
through six types of activities:
(1) history and screening
(2) patient counselling
(3) documentation
(4) formulary management
(5) administrative measures
(6) public education.

9. 1. History and Screening:
Pharmacists can promote proper immunization by
identifying patients in need of immunization. Tasks
that support this objective include gathering
immunization histories, encouraging use of
vaccine profiles, issuing vaccination records to
patients, preventing immunologic drug
interactions.
Types of screening
Occurrence screening. With this type of
screening, vaccine needs are identified at the time
of particular events, such as hospital or nursing
home admission or discharge ,ambulatory care or
emergency room visits, mid-decade birthdays
(e.g., years 25, 35, and 45),42,43 and any contact
with a health care delivery system for patients
under 8 years or over 50 years of age.

10. Diagnosis screening:-This screening reviews the
vaccine needs of patients with conditions that increase
their risk of preventable infections. Diagnoses such as
diabetes, asthma, heart disease, acute myocardial
infarction, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, haemophilia ,thalassemia, most
types of cancer, sickle cell anaemia, chronic
alcoholism, cirrhosis, human immunodeficiency virus
infection, and certain other disorders should prompt
specific attention to the patient’s vaccine needs.
Periodic mass screening:-This type of screening is a
comprehensive assessment of immunization adequacy
in selected populations at a given time. Such
screening may be conducted for example, during
autumn influenza programs or outbreaks of certain
vaccine-preventable illnesses (e.g.,measles and
meningococcal disease).

11. Occupational screening:-This screening
method focuses on the immunization needs
of health care personnel whose
responsibilities place them at risk of
exposure to certain vaccine-preventable
diseases or bring them into contact with
high-risk patients
Patient Counseling. Patients in need of
immunization should be advised of their
infection risk and encouraged to accept the
immunizations they need. Patient concerns
about vaccine safety and efficacy should be
discussed and addressed

12. Formulary Management:-Formulary systems
in organized health care settings should
include vaccines, toxoids, and immune
globulins available for use in preventing
diseases in patients and staff. Pharmacists
must choose between single dose or multi
dose containers of vaccines on the basis of
efficiency, safety, economic, and regulatory
considerations. Pharmacists have an important
responsibility to maintain the “cold chain” in the
handling of these drugs

13. Administrative Measures. Pharmacists on key
committees(e.g., infection control and risk
management) in organized health care settings
can promote adequate immunization delivery
among staff and patients by encouraging the
development of sound organizational policies on
immunization.
Public Education. Pharmacists have ample
opportunities to advance the public health
through immunization advocacy. Pharmacists
can facilitate disease prevention strategies

14. Vaccination Service Area
 Have adequate lighting
 Be maintained at a comfortable ambient
temperature
 Have a hand sanitisation facility
 Have ready access to a hand washing facility
 Have sufficient floor area, clear of equipment
and furniture, to accommodate the person
receiving the vaccination as well as an
accompanying person, and to allow the
pharmacist adequate space to manoeuvre,
and
 Have sufficient bench space (with an
impervious surface), a chair and a first aid

16. Challanges of community pharmacy in
vaccination
CHALLENGES REIMBURSEMENT
 Limited number of commercial and governmental health
plans offer patient’s coverage for receiving vaccinations
from a pharmacy
 For physicians and for pharmacists, many times the
reimbursements barely cover the cost of the vaccine
product and administration resulting in no net revenue or
even a loss
CHALLENGES TECHNOLOGY
 Lack of shared patient record systems Lack of shared
patient record systems with the medical home has led to
inconsistent communication between pharmacists and
other health professionals

17. ADVANTAGES OF COMMUNITY PHARMACY IN
VACCINATION SERVCES
 When patients are vaccinated at a community
pharmacy, appropriate and timely communication occur
between health professionals in order to protect patient
safety.
 Community pharmacies are visited by both unwell and
healthy people of all ages and social groups. They are
ideally placed to deliver a primary care-based
vaccination service
 Community pharmacies offer convenient locations, the
availability of a healthcare professional without an
appointment and extended evening and weekend
opening hours
 The administration of vaccinations in community
pharmacies has the potential to increase the number of
at risk individuals being vaccinated. This will improve
the health of the population

18. THANK YOU