In this presentation describe about the global climate change, ozone depletion and deforestation. What shows on impact on environmental conditions.

1. Global Environmental
Change
Shweta Yadav
M.sc. biotechnology 2nd semester
IIMT University Meerut

2. Global Environmental Change
● Global Environmental Change refers to the large-scale chemical,
biological, geological, and physical disturbance of the Earth's
surface, ocean, land surface, and hydrologic cycle with special
attention to time scales of decades to centuries, to human-caused
disturbance and their impacts on society.
● Human activities have been the main driver of global
Environmental change. Burning fossil fuels generates green house
gases emissions that around the Earth and trapping the Sun’s heat
and raising the temperature.
Example:- The green house gases release that are causing climate change
include carbon dioxide and methane gases. Landfills for garbage are a
major source of methane release.

3. Climate Change
1. Global Warming
2. Ozone depletion
3. Loss of biodiversity
Global Warming:- Global warming is the long term change in temperature and
weather on whole Earth.Human activities have been the main driver of climate change.
Increase the temperature Global climate
Green house gases are trapping more heat in the Earth’s atmosphere which is
causing average temperature to rise all over the world . Temperature have
risen during the last 50 years.

4. The temperature of Glacier was -50°c to - 58°c and now that time the temperature of Glacier is -12°
c.
“According to the 2020 global climate report from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration)
National center for Environmental information every month of 2020 except December was in the
top wormest on record for that month.
This animation shows maps of monthly temperatures for January–December 2020 compared to the
1981–2010 average, with warm anomalies in red and cool anomalies in blue. The final frame of the
animation shows the 2020 average. Note that the temperature range on the monthly maps is
broader than the range for the annual average (plus or minus 9 degrees versus plus or minus 5
degrees). “

6. An even larger portion of the globe was much warmer than average including most of Atlantic and
Indian Ocean. The heat reached all the way to the Antarctica where the station at Esperanza base
appeared at set a new all time record high temperature of 65.1° F (18.4°c) on 6 February 2020
Green house gases concentration are at their highest levels in 2 Million years and emissions
continue to rise. As a result the Earth is now about 1.1°c warmer than in was in the late 1800s . The
last decade (2011-2020) was the warmest on record.
The human think climate change mainly means warmer temperatures but them rise bis only the
beginning of story. Because the Earth is a system, where everything is connected change in one area
can influence change in all others.
The effect of climate change now include among others intense droughts water scarcity, severe
fires, rising sea levels, flooding, melting polar ice and declining biodiversity.

8. Causes of Global warming
Human are increasingly affect the climate and the Earth temperature by burning fossil fuel cutting down
forest and forming livestock . These add huge e amount of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in
the atmosphere increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming.
Green house gases:-. The main driver of climate change in the greenhouse effect some gases in the
earth atmosphere act a bit like tha glass in a greenhouse trapping the sun's heat and stopping it from
licking back into space and causing global warming. Many of these greenhouse gases occurs naturally
carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide gases.
Carbon dioxide produced by human activities in the largest contributed to global warming. Buy 20-20 its
concentration in the atmosphere hadisen to 48% above its pre industrial level (before 1750).
Other greenhouse gases are emitted by human activities in similar quantities. Methane is more powerful
green house gas then carbon dioxide but has a shorter atmospheric lifetime.

9. Cutting down forests:- Trees help to regulate the climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere. When they are cut down that beneficial effect is lost and the carbon stored in the trees is
released in the atmosphere adding the greenhouse effect.
Fluorinated gases :- These gases are emitted from equipment and product that use these gases
such emissions have a very strong warming effects upto 23000 time generate then carbon dioxide.

10. Solutions for global warming
Climate change is already energy treat to million of life but there are solution from changing how we get over
energy to limiting deforestation here are some of key solution to climate change.
“In 2015 world leader signed a major treaty cut the Paris agreement to put the solution into practice
Go to all climate change solution is reducing greenhouse gases emission which must get to zero as soon as
possible.”
Because both forest and ocean play vitally important role in regulating our climate increasing the natural
ability of forest and ocean to absorb carbon dioxide can also help stop global warming.
● Keep fossil fuel in the ground
● Invest in renewal energy
● Reduce plastics:- Plastic is made from oil and the process of extracting refining and turning oil into
plastic is surprisingly carbon intense. It does not breakdown quickly which contribute to emissions.
Demand for plastic is rising so quickly that creating and disposing of plastics will account for 17% of
global carbon budget by 2050.

11. Ozone depletion

12. Ozone Depletion
The ozone layer is a natural layer of gas in upper atmosphere
that protect human and other living things from harmful
ultraviolet radiation from the Sun .
Ozone layer depletion causes increased UV radiation level at the
Earth’s surface which is damaging to human health.
“Scientist discovered in 1970s that the ozone layer was
depleted. These ozone depleting substance were mostly in the
wide range of industrial and consumer application mainly
refrigerators air conditioners and fire extinguisher.”
Ozone depletion is greatest at the South pole. This severe
depletion create the so called “ozone hole” that can be seen in
image of Antarctic ozone made using satellite observation.

13. Causes of Ozone Depletion
The main causes of ozone depletion and ozone hole in manufactured chemical specially
manufacture holocarbon refrigerator solvent propellant CFCs, HCFCs, halons.
Effect:-
The depletion of ozone layer has harmful effects on human health animal environment and marine life.
Studies demonstrate that an increase in UV rays causes a higher risk of skin cancer, place a major role in
malignant melanoma development, sunburn ,quick aging ,eye cataract, blindness and weekend immune
system.
UV rays negatively effects plant crops. It may lead to minimal plant growth, smaller leaf size, flowering and
photosynthesis in plants, lower quality crops for human.

14. Solutions
Montreal protocol was proposed in 1987 to unite the word to cut out production and import of ozone
depletion substance. The Montreal protocol facedown the consumers and production of the different
ozone depletion substance in a step wise manner with different time table for developed and developing
countries
Every individual should also take steps to prevent the depletion of ozone layer. One suit avoid using
pesticide and seek to natural methods to get rid of paste instead of using chemicals. The vehicles EMIT a
large amount of greenhouse gases that lead to global warming as well as ozone depletion. Therefore the
use of felicus should be minimised as much as possible. Most of cleaning product have chemicals that
affect the ozone layer. We should used Substitute with eco friendly products.

15. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service
(CAMS), implemented by the European Centre for
Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) on
behalf of the European Commission with funding
from the European Union, reports that the Antarctic
ozone hole has almost reached its end. Similar to
last year’s season, the ozone hole in 2021 will be
one of the largest and longest-living ones on record,
coming to a close later than 95% of all tracked
ozone holes since 1979.

16. Loss of Biodiversity

17. Loss of Biodiversity
Biodiversity loss refers to the decline or disappearance of biological diversity, understood as the variety of
living things that inhabit the planet, its different levels of biological organisation and their respective
genetic variability, as well as the natural patterns present in ecosystems.
“In mid-2019, the United Nations (UN), in collaboration with IPBES, presented an ambitious report
[PDF]External link, opens in new window. on biodiversity warning that out of a total of eight million, one
million species are in danger of extinction.”

18. Causes of biodiversity loss
Biodiversity has declined at an alarming rate in recent years, largely as a result of human activity. Let's take
a look at some of the main causes
Climate change
Climate change impacts biodiversity at various levels: species distribution, population dynamics,
community structure and the functioning of the ecosystem.
Pollution
When we talk about pollution, we may think of car exhaust fumes billowing into the atmosphere, but
biodiversity is not only affected by this type, it is also affected by noise pollution and light pollution.

19. Destruction of habitats
Soil pollution and changes in its uses due to activities such as
deforestation have a negative impact on ecosystems and the
species that make them up.
Overexploitation of the natural environment
The overexploitation of natural resources, that is, their
consumption at a speed greater than that of their natural
regeneration, has an obvious impact on the planet's flora and
fauna.

20. EFFECTS OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS
Biodiversity loss has many consequences, not only for the environment, but also for human
beings at the economic and health level.
Extinction of species
The alteration and destruction of habitats puts thousands of species in danger of extinction.
Threat to human beings
Biodiversity loss endangers human well-being by affecting soil and water, which are
fundamental to food production.
Increase in CO2 emissions
The capacity of forests and oceans to absorb CO2 decreases if their ecosystems are adversely
affected.

21. SOLUTIONS TO BIODIVERSITY LOSS
During the presentation of the UN report in 2019, the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Audrey Azoulay, urged action with these words: "We can no longer destroy the diversity of
life. It is our responsibility to future generations". Here are some of the UN's own commitments through its Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)
Life Below water
The sustainably manage and protect marine, coastal, terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems, address the effects of
ocean acidification and regulate fishing while promoting sustainable fisheries
Life on land
The protect, restore and promote the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, halt and reverse
land degradation, combat desertification and stop biodiversity loss..

22. Thank you…….