Various types of civic surveys are required for development planning including demographic, housing, land use, water supply, and sanitation surveys. Planning agencies at various levels include CIDCO, MHADA, MIDC, and MMRDA/PMRDA which are responsible for infrastructure development and planning. Traffic and transportation systems include a hierarchy of urban roads and traffic management systems. Intelligent transport systems are also discussed.

1. ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN
PLANNING
UNIT 4
SURVEY AND TRANSPORTATION
MANAGEMENT
Mr. Shrikant R. Kate
M. Tech (Civil-CM)

2. SYLLABUS OF UNIT 4 (6 HRS.)
 Various types of Civic Surveys required to be
conducted for DP: demographic, housing, land
use, Water Supply & sanitation,
 Planning agencies for various levels of
planning. Their organization and purpose
(CIDCO-MHADA-MIDC, MMRDA/ PMRDA,
SRA),
 Traffic transportation systems: hierarchy of
urban roads, traffic management, Intelligent
Transport Systems

3. Various types of civic surveys
for DP: demographic, housing,
land use, Water Supply &
sanitation, etc.

4.  SURVEYS FOR DP
INTORDUCTION
• Survey is the act which has to be performed in the formulation of
any scheme. In context of town planning, surveys establish the
present state of the town and indicate what needs to be improved.
• Main subjects of surveys for the town planning are as follows .
• The people, their interests and occupations and how they follow
them.
• The land and buildings and how they serve their interests.
• The data collected in surveys are properly analyzed in relation to the
area under consideration and they are recorded on maps, charts,
schedules, and models.

5. NECESSITY OR PURPOSES OF SURVEYS
It helps to provide the data of the existing town for the town
planner.
The survey draws attention to the interrelation between various
complicated activities of a town life.
It helps to know the town planner, what is exactly lacking and what
is needed for the development of the town.
It helps to build up the public opinion and appreciation in favor of
town planning scheme.
It provides the necessary understanding before decisions for
development are made.
It helps to know the evils from which the town suffers and provides
a proper treatment to be given.

6. COLLECTION OF DATAOR
DATA COLLECTION FOR CIVIC SURVEY
 Functional survey
 Social survey
 Territorial survey
 Vital survey

7. FUNCTIONAL SURVEY
 Information of roads, their history, traffic survey, details of width of
roads, tree planting.
 Railways with position of level crossings, passenger stations, goods
sheds, etc.
 Airports, sea ports
 Canals, waterways
 Routes of services by bus, tram, ferry and suburban railway
 Facilities provided for access to the town.
 Local industries, their classification and location, availability of raw
materials and labour.
 Mines and their location
 Conditions of commercial activity
 Probable cost of planning scheme, sources of raising funds, preparing
schedule of taxes etc.

8. SOCIAL SURVEY
 Ancient ruins
 History of growth from the study of old maps
 Birth rates, death rates
 Residential areas including historical study, types of buildings, slums,
suburban development
 Parks and play grounds
 Height of buildings, materials used for construction
 Density of accommodation
 Demographic survey i.e. classification of population by sex, literacy of
different age groups
 Schools, colleges, institutions, libraries
 Hospitals, dispensaries, clinics
 Public services such as water supply, sewerage, drainage, electricity,
street lighting, fire protection etc.

9. TERRITORIAL SURVEY
 Geology of the area showing arrangement of
underlying rocks
 Topography, type of soil, rock
 Contours of the land
 Rivers, oceans, streams, lakes
 Forests and other natural vegetation
 Low-lying areas
 Barren land
 Climatic conditions including temperature,
rainfall, direction and intensity of wind.

10. VITAL SURVEY
 History of the past growth of population
 Characteristics of the present population
 Density of population
 Migration, decentralization, development of
new local industries.

11. TYPES OF SURVEYS
 Preliminary survey
 National survey
 Regional survey
 Civic survey

12. PRELIMINARY SURVEY
 General amenities
 Electric power
 Housing
 Highways
 Industries
 Railways
 Waterways
 Land use
 Water supply and sewerage

13. NATIONAL SURVEY
 Administration
 Agriculture
 Communication facilities
 Geography
 Natural resources
 Economic development
 Urban settlement

14. REGIONAL SURVEY
 The regional surveys carried out on much larger
unit than a town called 'region' which may
consists of number of townships and villages.
The investigations carried out are of general
nature such as social, physical, economic
conditions of region.
 Surveys for regional highways, regional
transport, regional water supply come under
regional survey. It helps to develop the whole
region in a coordinated manner.

15. CIVIC SURVEY OR SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY
 Physical features
 Communications
 Traffic problems
 Open spaces
 Industrial survey
 Housing
 Population
 Health conditions
 Landscape survey
 Land cultivation
 Public services

16. METHODS ADOPTED TO COLLECT DATA
Field work
House to house investigation conducted to collect information in
questionnaire
form specially prepared for this purpose.
Direct collection from office records, and reports from govt.
municipal offices and other bodies.
Collection through postal communication with govt. department,
public institutions and interested bodies.
Personal interviews with individuals or organizations interested in
the field of planning.
Reconnaissance and spot-inspection by the town planner himself
and his staff.

17. USES OF SURVEYS
 To give the town planner some basis for his thinking and
working.
 To provide the relevant information regarding the
community to be served by the
 To suggest the means of developing public opinion and
appreciation in favor of the T.P. Scheme.

18. PLANNING AGENCIES
 CIDCO
 MHADA
 MIDC
 MMRDA / PMRDA, etc.

19. CIDCO
City and Industrial Development
Corporation of Maharashtra Ltd.

20. CIDCO

22. SCALE OF PROJECTS
CITIES DEVELOPED BY CIDCO
34,400Ha
38,000Ha
1,700Ha
1,012Ha
398 Ha
250 Ha
430 Ha
 Navi Mumbai
 Vasai-Virar
 Waluj
 New Aurangabad
 New Nashik
 New Nanded
 Sindhudurg
(DistrictHeadquarter)
 Khopta
 NAINA (Navi Mumbai Airport Influence Notified Area)
9,300 Ha
60,000Ha
Total area under Planning and Development 1,05,400 Ha

23. Engineering
Planning
Transportation
Spatial Data
Lands
Marketing
Social Survey
Non- Spatial Data
Rehabilitation
Economics
Unauthorised Construcution
Dept.
Engineering
Planning Estate
Transportation
Lands
MULTI-DISCIPLINE ORGANIZATION

26. MHADA

28. HISTORY

30. MHADA

31. MHADA

32. MHADA

33. SETUP OF MHADA ORGANIZATION

34. MHADA

35. MHADA

36. MHADA

37. MHADA

38. MHADA

39. MHADA

40. MHADA

41. MHADA

42. MHADA

43. Governme
ntof
Maharashtr
a
ABOUT MAHARASHTRA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION (MIDC)

44. INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
•Established in 1962, under M.I.D. Act 1961 as the premier industrial infrastructure
developmentagency of Government of Maharashtra.
Objective
•Set up industrial areas for planned and systematic industrial development.
•To function as a special planningauthority in developmentof industrial areas
•“Prosperity to all through Industrialization” is the corporate Philosophy of MIDC
Achievements
•Built 289 Industrial Areas with 66273.82 hectares of land. (Approx.)
•Developed specialized parks for different industrial sectors including IT, BT, Special
Economic Zones
•(SEZ), Wine (Grape Processing) Park, Silver Zone, Gems

45. MIDC INDUSTRIAL ESTATES
Through 16 regional offices, MIDC manages its 289 industrial complexes
spread over 66,000+ hectares of land.
MIDC has one of the largest
industrial land banks amongst all
the Industrial development
corporations in India.

46. MIDC ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE:
HEADQUARTERS
CEO
JT. CEO JT. CEO (IT)
Dy. CEO
1
Dy. CEO
11
Dy. CEO
111
Dy. CEO
1V
Dy. CEO
(Env.)
CE CAO CP TA
GM
(Legal)
GM (Land) GM (IT) GM (PRO)
GM
(Mktg)
GM (Land
Acq.)
JT.CEO (DMIC)
Addl.
Collector
(Rehab)

47. MIDC: TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
20
Number of MIDC’s
Common Effluent
Treatment Plants (CETP)
in Maharashtra
A total capacity expansion of 92.50 MLD has been planned through 7
CETPs under construction and additional 63.50 MLD
through planned 16 CETPs across Maharashtra
193
MLD
Capacity of MIDC’s
Common Effluent
Treatment Plants (CETP)
in Maharashtra
Pune
Aurangabad
DIRSTRICTS WITH
CETPs
Nagpur
Thane
Raigad
Kolhapur
Sangli
Solapur

48. MIDC: LAND ACQUISITION
2017
 The land acquired by the MIDC has increased from a modest 2450 hectares to
66274 hectares by the year 2017.
2450
9875
17872
27491
63084
66274
1962 1972 1982 1992 2002 2012 2017
Decade Wise Land Acquisition by
MIDC(hectares)
52223

49. MIDC: INDUSTRIAL ROADS
 The totalindustrial road length has increased from 236 Km to 3063 Km over
the period 1972 to 2017.
2017
236
658
1500
2744
2844 3063
1972 1982 1992 2002 2012 2014 2017
Constructed Road Length
(Km) byMIDC
2329

50. MIDC: WATER PIPELINE NETWORK
 The water pipe length has also increased from 137 Km to 4118
Km by the year 2017.
137 270
820
3159
3573 4118
1962 1972 1982 1992 2002 2012 2017
MIDC Industrial Water Pipeline
Network Length(Km)
2017
1964

51. MIDC: INDUSTRIAL ROADS
2017
1653
1940 2045
2461
26 49 175
1962 1972 1982 1992 2002 2012 2017
MIDC Industrial Water Supply
Capacity(MLD)
 The water supply per day capacity has increased from 26
MLD to 2461 MLD.

52. OUR
SUCCESS

53. MIDC UNITS
Mercedes Benz – Chakan,
Pune
JLR – Chakan, Pune
Audi - Aurangabad
TataMotors – Chakan, Pune

54. MIDC UNITS
Infosys - Pune Bajaj – Chakan, Pune
Sany – Chakan, Pune Sula Vineyards - Nashik

55. MIDC UNITS
Indorama Synthetics -
Nagpur
Volkswagen -Pune
Deepak Fertilizers -Taloja Thermax -Pune

56. MIDC UNITS
Lupin - Aurangabad IPCA Laboratories -
Aurangabad
Jain Plastic Park - Jalgaon Cipla – Kurkumbh, Pune

57. SUCCESS STORIES

58. SUCCESS STORIES

59. BENEFITS OF BEING IN MIDC
5
9
• MIDC is the Special Planning Authority of Government Of
Maharashtra.
• MIDC Offers Not Only Land but Water
Supply at DoorStep,PowerLine at DoorStep,Drainage &CETP pipelines
upto DoorStep,Approach Roads.
• MIDC offers Land for 95 Years Lease.
• Building Plans Are approved By MIDC Only.
• No Hassles For Transfer.
• Quick Decisions Of Allottment.

60. MMETR
UOPO
MLITAN
BRE
AGIO
IN

61. WHAT IS METROPOLITANREGIONA FORMAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA COMPRISING
THE URBAN AREAS AS A WHOLE AND ITS PRIMARY
COMMUTER AREAS; TYPICALLY FORMED
AROUND A CITY WITH A LARGE
CONCENTRATION OF PEOPLE (I.E. , A POPULATION
OF AT LEAST 100,000).
 In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area
includes both the surrounding territory with urban
levels of residential density and some additional
lower- density areas that are adjacent to and linked
to the city ( e.g. Through frequent transport, road
linkages or commuting facilities)
 Sources: UNDESA

62. CITY SCALE
India
•Area: 3,287,590 km2
•Population: 1,131.04
millions
•Density: 344/km2
•GDP: 8.9%
•No. of State: 29
Maharashtra State
•Area: 307,713 km2
•Population:
105millions
•Density: 343/km2
•GDP: 13%
•No. of districts: 35
Mumbai
metropolitan
region
•Area: 4,355
km2 (1.4% of
State area)
•Population:
17.76million
(16% of State
Pop.)
•Density: 4080
per/km2
•GDP: 39%
Greater
Mumbai
•Area: 438 km2
(10% of State
area)
•Population:
11.98million
(67% of region
Pop.)
•Density:
27.4per/km2
•GDP: 26%
Source: Urban Age
Project

64. The Mumbai Metropolitan Region extends
over an area of 4355 sq. km and comprises
Municipal Corporations of Greater
Mumbai, Thane, Kalyan, Navi Mumbai
and Ulhasnagar; 15 municipal towns;
7 non-municipal urban centers;
and 995 villages. Its administrative
limits cover Mumbai City and Mumbai
Suburban Districts, and parts of Thane and
Raigad District. There are
40 Planning Authorities in the
Region that are responsible for the micro-
level planning of the different areas.
THE MUMBAI
METROPOLITAN REGION

65. Expansion of
Bombay
NAVI MUMBAI : NEED FOR A NEW CITY
To reduce the growth of population in
Mumbai city by creating an attractive urban
centre which will –
•Absorb the immigrants who will otherwise
go to Mumbai.
•Attract some of Mumbai’s present
population so that overall population of
Greater Mumbai can be contained within a
manageable limit.
•To provide physical and social services,
raising the living standards and reducing the
disparities in the amenities available to the
different sections of the population
MMRDA was formed
Established in 1975 under MMRDAAct,1974
for Planning, co-ordinating and supervising
the proper, orderly and rapid development of
the areas in the region and executing plans,
projects and schemes for such development,
and to provide for matters connected there
with MMRDA Source: Dwivedi and
URBAN HISTORY(1950s)

66. Powers of MMRDA include ….
TO FREEZE OR RESTRICT DEVELOPMENT, WHERE NECESSARY
TO GIVE DIRECTIONS
TO REQUIRE LOCAL AUTHORITY TO ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY
IN CERTAIN AREA
To impose conditions while financing schemes
To levy a Cess on buildings and lands for activities in the Act
To levy Betterment Charges on increased land value as a
consequence of
its projects
Role of MMRDA
Spatial planning at regional level Micro planning through SPA Co-
ordinating development Development financing Execution of
special projects
Providing Technical Assistance to ULBs

67. MMRDA
Source:MumbaiMetropolitanRegionDevelopmentAuthority
Area 4355 sq.km
Population 1.92 Cr (2001)
Districts in
MMR
1. Mumbai
2. Suburban
3. Thane
4. Raigad
Corporations
in MMR
1. Greater Mumbai 2. Thane 3. Navi
Mumbai 4. Ulhas Nagar 5. Kalyan-
Dombivali 6. Mira Bhayandar 7. Bhiwandi-
Nizampur MUMBAI METROPOLITAN
REGION
Mumbai Khopoli Pen Alibag
Badlapur Panvel Uran Matheran Karjat Navi
Mumbai Raigad Dist. 7. Bhiwandi-
Nizampur 8. Vasai-Virar
Municipal
Councils in
MMR
1. Ambernath 2. Kulgaon-Badlapur
3. Alibaug 4. Pen 5. Uran 6.
Matheran Hill Station 7. Panvel 8.
Karjat 9. Khopoli
Villages 1000
Urbanisation 94% Urban Population 6% Rural
Population

69. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Urban Development department
Metropolitan committee
MMRDA Urban Local Bodies
SPA/NTDA
Regional Plan Development Plan Development Plan
Source: Concept Plan Report 2011

70. PMRDA
Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority

71. BACKGROUND
 Pune Metropolitan Region Development
Authority (PMRDA) is the Planning and
Development Authority for the Pune Metro
Region with an outlook towards channelizing
growth in a strategic and orderly manner.

72. COMPOSITION
Area: 7,256.46 Sq Km
Population: 72.76 Lakhs (Approx)
Number of Municipal
Corporations:
2
Number of Cantonment
Boards:
3
Number of Municipal
Councils:
7
Number of Villages: 842
Number of Census Towns: 13

73. PUNE METROPOLITIAN REGION

74. ORGANIZATION

75. PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE
- A BETTER TOMORROW
- INVESTMENT DESTINATION
- HIGHEST LIVABILITY INDEX
- ECONOMIC GROWTH ENGINE
- FUTURISTIC APPROACH
- IMPROVEMENT MODEL
MISSION
1. Facilitate planned growth of infrastructure and public services.
2. Enhance the ease of doing business for domestic and international
investors.
3. Develop a system of futuristic governance and market based economy.
4. Drive Green innovation with e-management and digital information
dissemination.
5. Generate sustainable employment and wealth creation opportunities for
all.
6. Integrate culture and heritage into the very ecosystem of PMR.
7. Consistently promote a Higher Happiness Index in PMR.

76. SLUM REHABILITATION
AUTHORITY (SRA)

77. GOI DEFINITION OF
“SLUM” SETTLEMENTS:-
A slum was defined as a compact settlement with a collection of
poorly built tenements, mostly of temporary nature, crowded
together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking water
facilities in unhygienic conditions.
– Apparent physical sub-standardness, irrespective of land
ownership or tenure status
– Unfit for human habitation due to dilapidation, overcrowding,
lack of ventilation, light or sanitation facilities which are water,
roads, healthcare, education
If conditions met, settlements can be regularised as Slums

78. CLASSIFICATION OF “SLUM”
SETTLEMENTS
• Freehold land
–such as those in the inner city, blighted areas or
urban villages.
• “Squatter” Settlements
–which are encroachments on public or private land.
• Illegal Land Sub-Divisions
–where quasi/legal land ownership but the land subdivision undertaken illegally.
• Public or Private Leasehold Land
–such as cooperative-model in resettlement colonies or urban villages.

79. SRA – THEGENESIS
• Phase I
– Prior to 1970, clearance of slums were the only solution thought of, by the
State government
– The encroachment would grow again, post the demolition drive.
– This was not the permanent solution to the situation
• Phase II
– It became necessary to tolerate slum as housing structure
– Census of hutments were carried and I.Card were issued to such dwelling, post
Feb 1976
– It was agreed that whenever the slums are to be removed for public purpose,
the dwellers would be located elsewhere

80. SRA – THEGENESIS
• Phase III
– In the mid 80s, on the guidelines of the world bank, slum upgradation
work
 was carried out.
– Slum lands were given on 30 years lease to slum dweller society at nominal
lease rent. Soft loans were provided for slum upgradation on as is where is
basis
– Such schemes were limited to State Govt., Municipal and housing board
lands.
• Phase IV
– Post 1990, a comprehensive rehabilitation scheme was launched under the
recommendation of Afzalpurkar committee, headed by Shri Dinesh
Afzalpurkar, Ex.Chief Secretary
– Mah. Slum Area (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) Act of 1971
was amended and Slum Rehabilitation Authority was created vide notification
dated 16 Dec., 1995. It become functional from 25th December, 1995.
– It was given corporate status from 3rd Jan., 1997. It is now an independent
autonomous body.

81. SITE PLAN

82. BUILDING PLAN FOR DWELLING UNIT
COMPLETE PRIVACY ATNIGHT FOR ACCUPATION OF
BOTH ROOM AND INDIVIDUAL ACCESS TO TOI/BATH
SEPARATE BATHROOM
EXTERNAL DOORS AND WINDOWS HAVE JAALI WORK
I SHAPED COOKING PLATFORM

83. TRAFFIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
 A facility consisting of the means and equipment
necessary for the movement of passengers or goods
 Transport or transportation is the movement of humans,
animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of
transport include air, land (rail and road), water, cable,
pipeline and space. ... Transport is important because it
enables trade between people, which is essential for the
development of civilizations.
 Effective transportation management keeps a company's
whole supply chain running smoothly. With successful
transportation execution, inventory can be kept lean and
can be moved in and out of a warehouse quickly and
efficiently. This improves warehouse efficiency, reduces
overall lead time and saves money on storage.

84. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Traffic management is a key branch within logistics. It
concerns the planning, control and purchasing of transport
services needed to physically move vehicles (for example
aircraft, road vehicles, rolling stock and watercraft) and
freight.
 To improve safety and accessibility for all transport
modes
In priority order, the aims of the topic strategy are to:
1. Improve Road Safety
2. Manage Traffic Demand
3. Encourage Accessible & Sustainable Modes of Transport
4. Improve Local Environments
5. Reduce Community Severance
6. Facilitate Economic Activity.

85. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
In addition to the above, the integrated Countryside Traffic
Management Strategy has eight objectives:
1. To change travel behaviour and attitudes towards travel, (see
Travel Awareness strategy)
2. To minimise the damage caused by motorised traffic on rural
towns and villages and the countryside, (aim 4)
3. To encourage use of alternative modes of transport to the car
by improving accessibility by public and community
transport, (aim 3)
4. To provide improved pedestrian and cycle networks, (aim 3)
5. To reduce the perceived danger created by vehicular traffic,
(aims 1 and 5)
6. To provide and update travel information about public and
community transport, (see Passenger Transport strategy)
7. To enhance integration between transport modes, (aim 3)
8. To reduce the demand for travel by establishing new methods
of access e.g. teleworking, groceries delivered by
supermarkets (see Travel Awareness strategy).

86. ITS is an emerging transportation system which is
comprised of an advanced information and
telecommunications
network for users, roads and vehicles.
ITS is the integrated application of advanced
Technologies using
electronics, computers, communications, and
advanced sensors. These applications provide
travelers with important information while improving
the safety and efficiency of the transportation system.
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

87. INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) involve the
collection and processing of data:
 to provide information;
 to advise or control the actions of:
 travellers;
 drivers;
 fleet operators; and
 network managers
 using computers with multi-media communications
and other technology.

88. WHAT DOES ITS OFFER?
 Allows improved use of existing
infrastructure by:
 Providing a better understanding of the transport network
 Live traffic and travel information – quick response
 Providing new methods to manage the network
 Improved traffic signals and vehicle priority
 Improved intra/inter organisational communications
 Providing new services to the public
 Travel Information to make journeys easier and more
pleasant

90. BACKGROUND SITUATION OF PROMOTING
ITS
 To Solve Social Problems caused by Road
To activate the
Economy
To reach an Advanced Information and
Tele – communication Society
To Co-ordinate
different

91. INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS
(1) Electronic Toll Collection :
Today, most toll roads are equipped with an
electronic toll-collection system, like E-ZPass, that
detects and processes tolls electronically.
E-ZPass uses a vehicle-
mounted transponder that is activated by an antenna
on a toll lane. Your account information is stored in
the transponder. The antenna identifies your
transponder and reads your account information.
The amount of the toll is deducted and you're
allowed through.

92. (2) Emergency vehicle notification systems :
Intelligent transportation systems
particularly the FCD (Floating Car Data )
model can also be used to provide
advance warning to motorists of traffic
jams, accidents and other emergency
situations. This system can then provide
alternative routes or recommendations to
motorists so as to avoid congestion and
travel delays.

93. (3) CORDON ZONES WITH CONGESTION PRICING :
With the
transportation
intelligent
system,
cordon zones can also be
enforced where mass
transportation systems are
available and their use
encouraged. Cordon
systems make it possible to
taxes
city
from
areas
collect
entering
high traffic
those
with
while
use ofencouraging the
mass transit.
Sign indicate the boundary of
the congestion charge area
Congestion pricing gantry at
North Bridge Road, Singapore.

94. (4) AUTOMATIC ROAD ENFORCEMENT :
A traffic enforcement camera
system, consisting of a camera and a vehicle-
monitoring device, is used to detect and identify
vehicles disobeying a speed limit or some other
road legal requirement and automatically ticket
offenders based on the license plate number.
Traffic tickets are sent by mail. For Exam :-
o Speed cameras identify speed limit.
o Red light cameras detect vehicles that cross
a stop line.
o Bus lane cameras identify vehicles traveling
in lanes reserved for buses.

95. (5) COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS :
Intersection Collision Warning Obstacle Detection
Lane Change assistance Lane Departure Warning

96. COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS
………
Rollover Warning Road Departure Warning
Forward collision Warning Rear Impact Warning

97. (6) TRAVELER INFORMATION SERVICE :
Information is
Generated …
Traffic Sensor
Aerial
surveillance
Weather
Monitoring
Incident
Detection
Transit Location
•Delay
•Incident
•Road
Weather
•Next Bus
•Traveler
Times
•Emergency
Alerts
•Alternate
Routes
Sent to
Travelers ..
Travelers
Respond
Change Route
Change
Departure
Time
Change Mode
Change
Destination

98. (7) EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SERVICES :
Emergency Management Services are
greatly enhanced by traffic control
centers that continually monitor roadway
conditions.
When an incident occurs, the nearest emergency
service vehicle is located electronically and
dispatched to the scene. Highway managers then
alert other drivers of the incident through dynamic
message signs. These services reduce response
times, help save lives, and reduce the occurrence of
secondary incidents.

99.  Time Savings
 Better emergency response times and services
 Reduced Crashes and Fatalities
 Cost Avoidance
 Increased Customer Satisfaction
 Energy and Environmental Benefits
 Decreasing of probability of congestion occurrence
BENEFITS OF ITS :

102. URBAN ROADS

103. URBAN ROADS

104. URBAN ROADS

105. CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN ROADS
(FUNCTION BASED)
1. Expressways
2. Arterial Streets
3. Sub-Arterial Streets
4. Collector’s Streets
5. Local Streets

107. EXPRESSWAYS
• For Speedy and heavy traffic
• Pedestrians not allowed
• Connect main markets, important places
• Complete separation of opposite moving traffic
by a divider or median
• Level crossings, sharp curves, steep gradients
avoided
• Telephone facility, Highway Police, Servicing
Stations, Refreshment Facility available at regular
intervals

110. ARTERIAL STREETS
• For the heavy/important traffic inside the city
• Usually along the expressways serving as
principal network of traffic flow
• Join central business district with outside
residential areas
• Parking, loading, unloading prohibited
• Pedestrians are allowed to cross only at
intersections

117. SUB-ARTERIAL STREETS
• Less traffic than arterial streets
• Pedestrians are allowed to cross only at
intersections
• Spacing varies from 0.5 km in central business
areas to 3 to 5 km in residential area.
• Parking, loading, unloading usually restricted
and controlled

118. COLLECTOR’S STREETS
• Meant for collecting the traffic from local
streets to arterial streets
• Full access allowed from properties alongside
• Situated in residential, commercial, industrial
areas
• Few parking restrictions except for peak hours

119. LOCAL STREETS
• Open access from residents, business or other
properties
• Does not carry large volume of traffic
• Unrestricted parking and pedestrians allowed

126. URBAN ROAD PATTERNS

129. RECTANGULAR/BLOCK PATTERN

132. RADIAL (STAR) AND BLOCK PATTERN

133. RADIAL (STAR) AND CIRCULAR PATTERN

134. RADIAL (STAR) AND GRID PATTERN

135. HEXAGONAL PATTERN

136. MINIMUM TRAVEL PATTERN

137. Sr. No. Point of Comparison Roadways Railways
Cars, bikes, trucks, lorries,
1 Type of traffic Goods & passenger
trains
buses, etc.
2 Width of right of way More Less
3 Tractive resistance More Less
4 Special operational devices Not required Required
5 Rate of accidents More Less
6 Cost of Construction & maintenance Low High
7 Suitability to hilly areas Suitable Not suitable
8 Load carrying capacity Low High
9 Distance of travel Short Long
10
11
Gradients & curves
Requirement of skilled labour for
construction & maintenance
Steep gradients & sharp
curves can be provided
Not required
Only smooth gradients or
curves should be provided
Required
COMPARISON BETWEEN ROADWAYS & RAILWAYS: