iot ppt

1. Internet of Things and
Applications
Semester : VI
Course Code : UECTCC6002
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P) :
3:1:0 Credits : 03
Internal Assessment :
30 End Sem. Exam :
45
Exam Duration (Hours) :
2.5
UNIT-I
Introduction to Internet of Things: Definition IoT, History of IoT, Basic Architecture and working of IoT.
Chellanges, Applications, Current Status and Future Prospect of IoT. Sensing, Actuation, Basics of Networking,
Communication protocols, Sensor networks, Machine-tomachine (M2M) Communications.
RBT Levels: L1, L2, L3.
UNIT-II
Introduction to Arduino Programming: Integration of Sensors and Actuators with Arduino. Introduction to
Raspberry Pi: Implementation of IoT with Raspberry Pi. Introduction to SDN: SDN for IoT, Data Handling and
Analytics, Cloud Computing, Sensor-Cloud, Fog Computing, Smart Cities and Smart Homes, Connected
Vehicles, Smart Grid, Industrial IoT, Case Study: Agriculture, Healthcare, Activity Monitoring.
RBT Levels: L1, L2, L3,L4.
UNIT-III
IoT System Design: Power supply, Processor, Memory Sensor Interface, Wireless Interface- LAN, BLE, Wi-Fi,
RFID, LP WA- LORA, LTE-M, Sigfox, NB-IoT, Power Supply DesignLDOs, Swithing regulators-BuckBoost.
Energy Measurments, Energy Harvesting and Battery Life Calculation-PV, RF, Kinetic Energy, TEGs
aeroelastic. Flutter, Harvesting Iss in silicon
RBT Levels: L1, L2, L3,L4.
UNIT-IV
Protocols- IoT MAC, REST Based COAP, Publish subscribe- MQTT, AMQP, MDNS, Building of IoT System-
Case Studies-Joule, Jotter, chhaya.

2. Introduction to
IoT
Internet technology connecting devices,
machines and tools to the internet by
means of wireless technologies.
Over 9 billion ‘Things’ connected to
the Internet, as of now.
‘Things’ connected to the Internet are
projected to cross 20 billion in the
near future.
Unification of technologies such as low-
power embedded systems,
cloud computing, big-data, machine
learning, and networking

3. Origin of
Terminology
• In the 2000s, we are heading into a new
era of ubiquity, where the “users” of the
Internet will be counted in billions and
where humans may become the
minority as generators and receivers of
traffic. Instead, most of the traffic will flow
between devices and all kinds of
“things”, thereby creating a much wider
and more complex Internet of Things.

4. Conti
…
 The title of the report was “Internet of Things”
 Discussed the possibility of internet connected M2M
connectivity
• networks, extending to common household devices.
 Some areas identified as IoT enablers:




RFID,
Nanotechnolog
y, Sensors,
Smart
Networks.

5. Alternate
Definition
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the
network of physical objects that
contain embedded technology to
communicate and sense or
interact with their internal states or the
external environment.

6. Characteristi
cs
Efficient, scalable and associated
architecture
Unambiguous naming and addressing
Abundance of sleeping nodes, mobile
and non-IP devices
Intermittent connectivity

7. Conti…
 Business/Manufacturi
ng

•
Real-time analytics of supply chains and equipment,
robotic machinery.
 Healthcar
e
•
Portable health monitoring, electronic recordkeeping,
pharmaceutical safeguards.
 Retai
l 
•
Inventory tracking, smartphone purchasing, anonymous
analytics of consumer choices.
 Security
 Biometric and facial recognition locks, remote
sensors.

8. Conti…
 AT
M

•
These ubiquitous money dispensers went online for the first
time way back in 1974.
 WE
B

•
World Wide Web made its debut in 1991 to revolutionize computing
and communications.
 SMART
METERS

•
The first power meters to communicate remotely with the grid
were installed in the early 2000s.
 DIGITAL LOCKS
 Smartphones can be used to lock and unlock doors remotely, and
business owners can change key codes rapidly to grant or restrict
access to employees and guests.

9. Conti..
 SMART HEALTHCARE
 Devices connect to hospitals, doctors and relatives to alert
them of medical emergencies and take preventive
measures.
 SMART VEHICLES
 Vehicles self-diagnose themselves and alert owners about
system failures.
 SMART CITIES
 City-wide infrastructure communicating amongst themselves for
unified and synchronized operations and information
dissemination.
 SMART DUST
 Computers smaller than a grain of sand can be sprayed or injected
almost anywhere to measure chemicals in the soil or to diagnose
problems in the human body.

10. Modern Day IoT
Applications
 Smart Parking
 Structural health
 Noise Urban Maps
 Smartphone Detection
 Traffic Congestion
 Smart Lighting
 Waste Management
 Smart Roads
 River Floods
 Smart Grid
 Tank level
 Photovoltaic
Installations
 Water Flow
 Silos Stock Calculation
 Perimeter Access
Control

11. Modern Day IoT
Applications
 Forest Fire Detection
 Air Pollution
 Snow Level Monitoring
 Landslide and Avalanche
Prevention
 Earthquake Early Detection
 Water Leakages
 Radiation Levels
 Explosive and Hazardous Gases
 Supply Chain Control
 NFC Payment
 Intelligent Shopping Applications
 Smart Product Management

12. Expected!!

13. Baseline
Technologies
 A number of technologies that are very closely related
to IoT include



Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
communications, Cyber-Physical-Systems
(CPS)
Web-of-Things (WoT).

14.  So, many different applications, so many different devices
and these devices are going to be made smart in these
applications. So, that is the reason why we are going to
have an explosion or in the number of these internetwork
things, number of devices connected to the internet of
things.

24. Sensi
ng
 one of the very essential components of internet of things
is sensors and the other one is actuators
 whereas, the sensors basically sense the physical
phenomena that are occurring around them.
 the actuators basically based on the sensed information.
The actuators, they actuate. That means, they perform
some actions on the physical environment. So, they take
some actions based on what has been sensed.

25.  basically a sensor it detects or senses the changes in the
ambient conditions or it can also sense the state of
another device.
 So, maybe one sensor can check, can sense how and
what is the state of another device.
 So, let me now show you some sensors, some real
sensors that we have.
 So, here are few real sensors and this is a sensor that is
used for obstacle detection.
 This is a PIR sensor passive infrared sensors. So, this
passive infrared sensor here can be used for detecting if
there is any obstacle. So, this is an example of a PIR or
obstacle based sensor.

26.  Then, we have another sensor this is the ultrasonic
sensor. This basically detects that how far that obstacle
is.
 This is another sensor. So, here as you can see that there
are like two eyes kind of things. So, what happens is these
ultrasonic sensors may send ultrasound waves.
 So, these ultrasound waves are sent and then, that sound
wave is going to get reflected back.
 We already know what velocity is and then, depending on
how much time has elapsed from the point sound wave
was sensed and the deflection is received back,
 based on that the distance is calculated. So, this sensor
helps in basically getting an idea or sensing how far an
obstacle is from a particular point where the sensor is.

27.  Then, we have another sensor which is the camera sensor.
This is as you can see over here is small IoT camera.
 Since the camera sensor, then we have this one here which
is a smoke detection sensor.
 So, this sensor can help in detecting the smoke.

28.  Finally, I would like to show you another sensor which is
the temperature and humidity
 sensor. This is actually, this measures both of these
together this particular sensor.

46. Basics of IoT
Networking
Convergence of Domains

47. IoT
Components

49. Functional Components
of IoT
 Component for interaction and communication with
other IoT devices
 Component for processing and analysis of operations
 Component for Internet interaction
 Component for handling Web services of applications
 Component to integrate application services
 User interface to access IoT

51. IoT
Interdependencies

52. IoT Service Oriented
Architecture

53. IoT
Categories
Industrial IoT
IoT device connects to an IP network and the
global Internet.
Communication between the nodes done using
regular as well as industry specific technologies.
Consumer IoT
 IoT device communicates within the locally networked
devices.
 Local communication is done mainly via Bluetooth,
Zigbee or WiFi.
 Generally limited to local communication by a
Gateway.

54. IoT
Gateways

55. IoT and Associated
Technologies

56. Technical Deviations from Regular
Web

57. IoT
Challenges
Security
Scalability
Energy efficiency
Bandwidth management
Modeling and Analysis
Interfacing
Interoperability
Data storage
Data Analytics
Complexity management (e.g., SDN)

58. Consideratio
ns
 Communication between the IoT devices(s) and the
outside world dictates the network architecture.
 Choice of communication technology dictates the IoT
devices hardware requirements and costs.
 Due to the presence of numerous applications of IoT
enabled devices, a single networking paradigm not
sufficient to address all the needs of the consumer or
the IoT device.

59. Complexity of
Networks
 Growth of networks
 Interference among devices
 Network management
 Heterogeneity in networks
 Protocol standardization within networks

60. Wireless Networks
 Traffic and load management
 Variations in wireless networks - Wireless BodyArea
 Networks and other Personal Area Networks
 Interoperability
 Network management
 Overlay networks

61. Scalability
 Flexibility within Internet
 IoT integration
 Large deployment
 Real-time connectivity of billions of devices