To know about public health , its aims, functions ,importance and how environmental sanitation can affect public health !

1. Introduction to Public Health & Impact
of Environmental sanitation on Public
Health
SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY :
Dr. Jaspreet Kaur Shivani (5406)

2. Introduction to Public
Health
• Public health is “the science and art of preventing disease,
prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized
efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public
and private communities, and individuals.” (WHO)
OR
• Public health is defined as the science of protecting the
safety and improving the health of communities through
education, policy making and research for disease and injury
prevention.

3. Functions of Public
Health
Public health systems should :
• Monitor health status to identify and solve community health
problems.
• Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the
community.
• Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
• Mobilize community partnerships and action to identify and solve
health problems.
• Develop policies and plans that support individual and community
health efforts.

4. Conti…
• Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure
safety.
• Link people to needed personal health services and assure the
provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.
• Assure competent public and personal health care workforce.
• Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal
and population-based health services.
• Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health
problems.

5. Aims of Public Health
Prevention Health promotion
• Prevention is action taken to
prevent the occurrence of an event
or to minimize its effects after it has
occurred. Three levels of prevention
are described as:
• Primary prevention – aimed at
reducing risk, such as immunization
• Secondary prevention- aimed at
detecting and treating disease at
early stages.
• Tertiary prevention – treatment
aimed at modifying risk factors of
disease.
• Health promotion refers
to strategies that seeks to
eliminate or reduce
exposures to risk factors
of disease by modifying
human behaviors.

6. Environmental Sanitation
• Sanitation refers to public health conditions related to
clean drinking water and adequate treatment and disposal
of human excreta and sewage.
• Environmental sanitation encompasses the control of environmental
factors that are connected to disease transmission. It includes solid
waste management, water and wastewater treatment, industrial
waste treatment and noise pollution control.

8. Public Health &
Environment
• Public health and environment are interlinked.
• By monitoring and controlling how an ecosystem is
affected by everything from human to industrial waste,
we can control how public health is impacted.
• In other words, if we keep our environment healthy, we
are more likely to be healthy as well.

9. Conti…
• For example, individuals who live in environments
where the air, water, or land are negatively affected by
pollutants are more likely to suffer from:
• Asthma
• Cancer
• Cardiovascular damage
• Premature death

10. Communicable diseases &
Public health
• A communicable disease spread from one person to
another through a variety of ways that include: contact
with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne
virus; or by being bitten by an insect.

11. Mode of transmission
• Some ways in which communicable diseases spread are by:
• physical contact with an infected person, such as through touch
(staphylococcus), sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, HIV), fecal/oral
transmission (hepatitis A), or droplets (influenza, TB, COVID-19)
• contact with a contaminated surface or object (Norwalk virus), food
(salmonella, E. coli), blood (HIV, hepatitis B), or water (cholera);
• bites from insects or animals capable of transmitting the disease
(mosquito: malaria and yellow fever; flea: plague); and
• travel through the air, such as tuberculosis or measles.

12. Protection
• Learn healthy habits to protect yourself from disease and prevent germs and
infectious diseases from spreading.
• The way of remembering the most important steps to staying well.
I Whack Germs
I - Immunizations are important to protect you from diseases.
W - Wash your hands often with soap and water.
H - Home is where you stay when you are sick.
A - Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth –especially when you are sick.
C - Cover your coughs and sneezes so you do not spread germs to others.
K - Keep your distance from sick people so you don’t get sick too.

13. Non-communicable
diseases & Public health
• A non-communicable disease (NCD) is a disease that is not
transmissible directly from one person to another.
• NCDs include autoimmune diseases, strokes, most
heart diseases, most cancers, diabetes, chronic
kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataracts, and others.

16. Prevention
• Health promotion activities involve interventions that
influence behavioral and lifestyle modifications to either
avoid or delay the onset of disease or disability (e.g., the
promotion of quality physical education and healthy eating in
schools).
• Primary prevention strategies reduce incidence through risk
factor modification, and they also reduce prevalence of
disease. Examples include lifestyle modification (diet plus
physical activity) for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
• Strategies for secondary prevention can also be called
“disease control strategies” because their goal is to reduce the
consequences of having a disease.

17. Conti…
• Secondary prevention reduces prevalence but generally not
the incidence of disease. Secondary interventions are effective
only when they are implemented at an early treatable stage.
• Screenings for cervical and breast cancers are examples of
secondary prevention.
• In most developing countries, the public health system does
not focus on strategies for tertiary prevention.
• An example of tertiary prevention is exercise-based cardiac
rehabilitation programs for patients who suffered from
myocardial infarction.

18. Importance of Public
health
• Public Health studies plays a major role in fighting off the biggest
killers of humans.
• A fundamental quality of Public Health is its preventative nature.
Prevention is far more effective and far less expensive than cure.
• Public Health is important due to aiding and prolonging life.
Through the prevention of health issues, individuals can spend
more of their years in good health.
• Public Health helps detect health issues as early as possible and
responds appropriately to avoid the development of disease.
• It is diverse and takes into account the health of the whole
population, rather than focusing on health at an individual level.

19. Conti…
• Public Health is important as it ensures everyone is aware of
health hazards through educational programmes, campaigns
and through influencing government policies.
• Public Health is important because you are constantly striving
to close the inequality gap between people and encourage
equal opportunities for children, all ethnicities and genders.
• Public Health is important because you become the voice for
individuals who have no voice and simply put, your influence
on the improvement of someone’s health can be a great
satisfaction.