Vermi presentation edited 062411

VERMICULTURE
AND
VERMICOMPOSTING

July 14 2010
Presented by: Mary Rose F. Laguindam
1

TERMINOLOGIES
1. Vermi – worm/earthworm

2. Vermiculture – the science of

July 14 2010
breeding and raising earthworm

3.Vermiculturist – a person who farms,
breeds and cares for vermi/worms

4. Vermicasts- excreta of worms
2

Mary Rose F. Laguindam

TERMINOLOGIES

-consist of organic matter that has
undergone physical and chemical
breakdown through the activity of the

July 14 2010
muscular gizzard grinds the material

-rich source of macro and
micronutrients, vitamins, enzymes,
antibiotics, growth hormones and
microflora
3


TERMINOLOGIES
5. Vermicomposting – use of worms
for composting organic materials

6. Vermicompost – the product of

July 14 2010
vermicomposting containing worm
castings, bedding materials as well as
organic matter in various stages of
decomposition

7. Vermi tea – a water extract of
compost that is brewed
4


ADVANTAGES/BENEFITS

 Improves soil aeration, texture,
structure and fertility and reduces soil
compaction

July 14 2010
 Enhances microbial activity that
promotes plant growth and health

 Serve as natural food for fish, birds
and mammals
5


ADVANTAGES/BENEFITS
 Vermicompost is an ecofriendly
natural fertilizer prepared from
biodegradable organic wastes and
is free from chemical inputs

July 14 2010
 It does not have any adverse effect
on soil, plant and environment

 It improves water retention
capacity of soil because of its high
organic matter content
6


ADVANTAGES/BENEFITS

 It promotes better root growth and
nutrient absorption

 It improves nutrient status of soil

July 14 2010
both macro-nutrients and micro-
nutrients

 Increases population of beneficial
microorganisms
 Prevents plant pests and diseases
7


ADVANTAGES/BENEFITS

 Accelerates plant growth and promotes
flowering and fruiting
 Vermicomposting is more effective as

July 14 2010
an organic fertilizer than ordinary
compost
 Minimizes farm inputs
 No overdose
 Minimizes foul odor
8


ADVANTAGES/BENEFITS

 Highly profitable, both the worms
and castings are saleable

 Turns trash to cash

July 14 2010
9


PRINCIPLES
 Similar to ordinary composting
except that earthworms (vermi) are
added
 In ordinary composting

July 14 2010
microorganisms (i.e,: bacteria and
fungi) are “decomposers” while in
vermicomposting, microorganisms
and earthworms “soil engineers”
work together, thus, hasten the
process and gives more quality on
the compost suitable for organic
10
farming

PRINCIPLES
 Vermicompost does not heat
 Vermicompost may be low in NPK
but contains essential
micronutrients (e.g., calcium,

July 14 2010
magnesium, manganese, copper,
iron and zinc) not found in
“complete fertilizers”
 The quality of vermicompost
depends on the materials used
and the processes applied
11


PRINCIPLES

 Vermicompost has microbial
activities that promote plant health
and pest/disease resistance

July 14 2010
 Actions of vermi in the composting
process has the benefits/advantages
of:
CARBON-NITROGEN ratio for
digestible nutrients by plants
12


PRINCIPLES
 Compost-feeding earthworms
(e.g. African nightcrawler) digest
organic matter in their alimentary
tract and produce “sanitized,

July 14 2010
deodorized and texturized”
humus (castings)
 Vermicompost consisting of
castings and undigested organic
matter contains plant growth
regulators (i.e., auxins,
gibberelins and humic acid) 13


ANATOMY OF VERMI

July 14 2010
14


BIOLOGY OF VERMI
 Number of Earthworm Species
 4,000 in the world
 400 in the Philippines

 Characteristics

July 14 2010
 Simple animals
 They have 2 tubes (one inside the
other). The inner tube is a digestive
system which can be seen outside
as a dark line inside the worm. The
black color is actually the food in
15
the digestive tract

BIOLOGY OF VERMI
 Characteristics
 Worms are segmented where each
segment is the same except for the
head and a larger band called the

July 14 2010
clitellum
 The clitellum ( or band) contains
many glands which secrete mucus
to make the walls of a cocoon in
which fertilized eggs are deposited.
The cocoon is then left to hatch in 16
the soil

BIOLOGY OF VERMI
 Characteristics
Free-living, beneficial, terrestial
invertebrates
The head is the end which moves

July 14 2010
forward and has a mouth but no
eyes since worms are always
underground in the darkness
The body walls contain many nerve
receptors that taste chemical
changes (or smell) / and detect light
17
(see) in their environment

BIOLOGY OF VERMI
 Characteristics
 They wriggle by moving their front-
half forward, anchor it with small
hair-like structures called setae then

July 14 2010
they pull their back-half forward
 Casting, which are excreted wastes
and dirt clumps, show up on the
surface of the ground

 Average weight of breeder
earthworm is 1.0 to 1.5 grams 18


BIOLOGY OF VERMI

 Characteristics
 Breathe through their skin

July 14 2010
 Hermaphroditic (have both sex organs)
 Feed on microorganisms (fungi and
bacteria) in the soil

 Active at night (nocturnal)
 Many are migratory
19


BIOLOGY OF VERMI

 Origin

 Eudrilus eugeniae (African
nightcrawler) comes from West

July 14 2010
Africa

 Introduced in the Philippines in 1982
by Dr. Otto Graffctive at night (nocturnal)

 Most extensively cultured species in
the tropics
20


BIOLOGY OF VERMI
 Life Cycle
 Cocoons (eggs) to Juveniles (young)
- 2 weeksActive at night (nocturnal)
Many are migratory

July 14 2010
Juveniles (young) to Adult (Breeder)
- 2 weeks

 Breeding worms can lay 2 to
5 cocoons per week that will hatch
in 21 days and mature in 60 to 90
21
days

BIOLOGY OF VERMI

July 14 2010
Cocoon (eggs) stage Juvenile (young) stage
Many are migratory

22
Adult (Breeder) stage

BIOLOGY OF VERMI

July 14 2010
A pair of vermi copulating
23


BIOLOGY OF VERMI
 Growth Rate
The African nightcrawler can grow
to more than 30 cm in length and

July 14 2010
3 grams each

 Life Span
1-2 years in nature
More than 10 years in captivity
24


CULTURAL REQUIREMENT
 Aeration
 Not water-logged
 Oxygen needed for respiration

July 14 2010
 Moisture (40-80%)
bacteriagratory
 For maintenance of body fluids
(80% > of body weight)

 Temperature
 Cold-blooded
 20-30 C 25


CULTURAL REQUIREMENT

 Organic Matter (decomposed
plants and animal matter)

 At least 2% to provide substrate
Feed on microorganisms (fungi and

July 14 2010
for microorganisms
bacteria) C:N Ratio
in the soil
(proportions of carbon and
nitrogen)
Active at night (nocturnal)
Many are migratory

26


WHAT TURNS WORM OFF?
Light
Heat
Too much water
Meat

July 14 2010
Cheese
Citrus
Tomato seeds
Egg shells
Domestic animal waste (dog cat,
27
pig)

STEPS IN VERMICULTURE AND
VERMICOMPOSTING

July 14 2010
1. Site Selection

The area must be shady, near water
source, accessible to transportation
and have abundant source of
compost materials

28


VERMICOMPOSTING
2. Wormbed preparation
a. Clean and level the soil

July 14 2010
b. Construct wormbeds and “trilis”
Kind of materials to be used and
size of wormbeds to be
constructed depend on choice
of the project owner
c. Put empty sacks at the base
29
of the wormbed

VERMI BEDS

July 14 2010
Engr. Edgar Erum
City Heights, GSC

30


VERMI BEDS

July 14 2010
Engr. Edgar Erum
City Heights, GSC

31


VERMI BEDS

Engr. Edgar Erum

July 14 2010
City Heights, GSC

32


VERMI BEDS

July 14 2010
Bethel Trading Cooperative
Purok 6, Ligaya, GSC

33


VERMI BEDS

July 14 2010
Bethel Trading Cooperative
Purok 6, Ligaya, GSC 34


VERMI BEDS

July 14 2010
Elmar Laguindam
Purok 6, Ligaya GSC

35


VERMI BEDS

July 14 2010
Elmar Laguindam
Purok 6, Ligaya GSC

36


VERMI BEDS

July 14 2010
Elmar Laguindam
Purok 6, Ligaya GSC

37


VERMI BEDS

July 14 2010
Elmar Laguindam
Purok 6, Ligaya GSC

38


VERMI BEDS

July 14 2010
Capt. James Reamon
Lagao General Santos City

39


VERMI BEDS.

July 14 2010
International Care Ministry of the Philippines, Inc.
Fatima, General Santos City

40


VERMI BEDS

July 14 2010
Source: A Livelihood Project for the Environment
by the Inmates of Talisay City Jail
Talisay City, Cebu
BJMPRO - VII
41


VERMI BEDS

July 14 2010
General Santos City Food Terminal (“Bagsakan”

42


VERMICOMPOSTING

3. Preparation of feeding materials
a. Selection of feeding materials

July 14 2010
Identify materials rich in nitrogen

Kakawate Katuray leaves
Ipilipil Monggo
Peanut Animal manure
Other leguminous plants
43


VERMICOMPOSTING

Identify materials rich in carbon

July 14 2010
Grass Saw dust
Rice straw Coco dust
Corn stalks Paper
Wood

44


VERMICOMPOSTING

Choose either of the following
combinations :
 cow manure + sawdust (3:1)

July 14 2010
 shredded fresh grass + kakawate,
ipil-ipil (3:1)

 manure + ipil-ipil or kakawate (2:1)

 rice straw + manure (1:1) 45


VERMICOMPOSTING

 grasses + chicken manure (3:1)

 sawdust + ipil-ipil (3:1)

July 14 2010
 compost / rice straw + corn barn (1:1)

 Engr. Edgar Erum’s Practice:
45% goat manure
45% coconut sawdust
10% carbonized rice hull 46


VERMICOMPOSTING
 Elmar Laguindam’s Practice:
A – plant wastes (banana bracts/

July 14 2010
peels/leaves, rice straws, coco
sawdust, madre de cacao/ipil-ipil
leaves) + animal manure (3:1)

B - plant wastes (banana bracts
madre de cacao/ ipil-ipil leaves
+ animal manure (1:1) 47


VERMICOMPOSTING

b. Filing of substrates at the wormbeds:

July 14 2010
 Mixed filing

 Sandwich filing

c. Water the wormbeds
48


VERMICOMPOSTING

d. Cover the vermibeds with plastic

July 14 2010
sheet , tarpaulin, laminated sacks
to initiate anaerobic decomposition

e. Remove plastic sheet /tarpaulin or
laminated sack after 15 days to
lower the temperature of the
substrate (aerobic decomposition)49


VERMICOMPOSTING

4. Introduction of vermi into the

July 14 2010
substrate
Scatter vermi at the vermibed at the rate
of 1 kg per square meter

50


CARE AND MAINTENANCE
 Conduct regular monitoring

 Water wormbeds when necessary to
maintain moisture requirement of

July 14 2010
feeding substrates and vermi

 Cover wormbeds with net or plant
leaves to protect vermi from direct
sunlight and predators (duck,
chicken, turkey,
birds and other animals) 51


HARVESTING

Harvest the vermi, vermicast and
vermicompost after 2 to 3 months

July 14 2010
a. Handpicking
Pick the worms by hand, put the
harvested worms in a container and
transfer them to a new bed. Sift the
vermicompost if finer compost is desired.

52


HARVESTING

b. Pyramid piling of vermicompost

Pile the vermicompost in pyramid,

July 14 2010
bacteria)
let thestay for 1 day so that worms will
in it soil
go down the bottom pile to easily
Many are migratory
harvest the top part, when bottom
portion is reached, worms can be
easily extracted manually.

53


HARVESTING

c. Moving of contents to one side

Move the contents and the whole bed
Feed on microorganisms (fungi
of

July 14 2010
to one side and fill the other half with
bacteria)
in the soil
new compost materials. The worms
will move to the new food. Harvest the
Many are migratory
casts/compost left by the worms.

54


HARVESTING

d. Use of fresh food in an onion/garlic
bag

July 14 2010
bacteria) onion/garlic bag with fresh
Fill an food
in the soil
then bury in the bed for a week.
Worms migratory
Many are will transfer in the bag for new
food. Empty the bag in a new
wormbed. Harvest the casts/compost.

55


HARVESTING
e. Use of screen

Put screen on top of the bed then
put fresh food on top of the screen.
Wormsmicroorganisms (fungi and
Feed on
will go up the screen for fresh

July 14 2010
bacteria)
food. Remove the screen and put it on
in the soil
top of arenew worm bed. The worms
Many a migratory
will move down the bed for a new
food. Harvest the cast/compost in the
bed left by the worms.
Note: If finer compost is desired, sift
the vermicompost with a 3/16” mesh 56
wire Mary Rose F. Laguindam

POST-HARVEST HANDLING

Avoid vermi, vermicast and
vermicompost from exposure to
sunlight

July 14 2010
Air-dry newly harvested
vermicast/vermicompost) Many are migratory

Pack air-dried vermicast/
vermicompost and store in a cool
and dry place or store in a concrete
storage or box or ventilated building
57

POST-HARVEST HANDLING

For longer storage, water the
vermicast/vermicompost to maintain
the nutrients and enzymes present
in the vermicast/ vermicompost

July 14 2010
58


Take good care of your
worms and they will
multiply and make lots of
beautiful odorless, non-

July 14 2010
toxic vermicompost
fertilizer.

59


END

July 14 2010
60


Vermi presentation edited 062411

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Semelhante a Vermi presentation edited 062411

Semelhante a Vermi presentation edited 062411 (20)

Último

Último (20)

Vermi presentation edited 062411