This document provides guidance on writing a scientific research paper. It discusses the components of a research paper such as the title page, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references. The introduction should provide background on the research topic while the methods section should describe the procedures. The results section should present data in tables and figures with any statistical analysis, and the discussion should analyze the results. Other sections include acknowledgments and the reference list. Overall, the document outlines the basic structure and style for writing a scientific manuscript.
2. WHAT IS A SCIENTIFIC MANUSCRIPT
• A scientific manuscript is meant to convey technical information to the reader.
• It is generally designed to be a straightforward presentation and discussion.
• Paragraphs and sentences should be simply constructed.
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3. ABOUT MANUSCRIPT
O’Connor (1995) states the following principles for solving problems of writing style:
• Be simple and concise.
• Make sure the meaning of every word.
• Use verbs instead of abstract nouns.
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9. STEPS..
Title
- State the title of the manuscript, which should be short and simple
- Authors and author affiliations (Follow the submission system of journal or conference)
Title
Authors
name+affiliation
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10. STEPS..
Abstract
• Is typically a single paragraph
• Should clearly about the objective of the experiment
• Describe how the investigation was carried out
• The results of the experiment (In short)
• The final sentences describe the significance of the results and the impact of this work on the
general field of study.
Sample abstract
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11. STEPS..
Introduction
• A short review of the literature pertaining to the research topic.
• Starting with broad topics and slowly focusing on the work at hand.
• Perhaps three to four paragraphs are needed.
• One or two paragraphs that introduce the reader to the general field
of study.
• May include paper outline, that is, what is in section 2 or 3 or 4.
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13. STEPS..
Methodology
• This section should be a straightforward description of the methods used in your study.
• In separate sections, each key procedure and technique used in the study.
• Keep explanations brief and concise.
• If a specific experimental design is utilized, describe this design.
• The use of the passive voice is probably appropriate in the methods section.
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14. STEPS..
Results and Discussion
• Presents the experimental data to the reader.
• The data itself should be presented in tables and figures.
• Include any statistical analysis that was performed.
• Make sure to indicate specific statistical data.
• In the discussion, use the results to describe each effect.
• A well-defied study that is described in the Introduction, along with
supporting results that are presented in the Results section.
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16. STEPS..
Acknowledgements
• Provide a brief statement acknowledging the efforts of any participants or
consultants who are not included as authors of the manuscript.
• State all of the funding sources for the work, ensuring that the statement
adheres to the guidelines provided by the funding institution.
References
• Include all references that have been cited in the text.
• You must use the reference format that is mandated by the journal to which you
are submitting the manuscript.WHILENETWORKING.COM
17. MANUSCRIPT BASIC..
• Plagiarism – i.e. using the ideas of someone else without acknowledging the source
of information
– is considered a serious offence in the scientific
community and must therefore be avoided.
• Credit must be given when using another person’s ideas, opinion, theory (also
quotations or paraphrases thereof) or information that are not common knowledge.
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23. REFERENCES
• American Psychological Association (2003) APA Style. Available online at:
http://www.apastyle.
org/pubmanual.html.
• Association for Computing Machinery (2003) Transactions on database
systems referee
informations. Available online at: http://www.acm.org/tods/Referees.html.
• Berry, R. (1986) How to Write a Research Paper, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
• Bonnard, Q., Verma, H., Kaplan, F. and Dillenbourg, P. (2012) ‘Paper
interfaces for learning
geometry’, in Ravenscroft, A., Lindstaedt, S., Kloos, C. and Hernández-Leo,
D. (Eds): 21st
Century Learning for 21st Century Skills, LNCS, Vol. 7563, pp.37–50,
Springer, Berlin/
Heidelberg.
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