3. Pakistan Relations With India
BACKGROUND :
SINCE ITS INDEPENDENCE IN 1947, PAKISTAN HAS
ENCOMPASSED DIFFICULT RELATIONS WITH THE NEIGHBORING
COUNTRY INDIA BECAUSE OF THEIR DIFFERENT CULTURES , TRADITIONS
AND ENTIRELY DIFFERENT WAY OF LIVING .
4. Major issues :
• Kashmir Conflict
• Military Border Issues
• Environmental Issues
• Water Issues
• Human Rights Abuses
5. 1- Kashmir Issue :
Since the partition of the Indian subcontinent into India
and Pakistan in 1947, the Kashmir dispute has been an
intractable one between them. They fought three wars
over it in1948, 1965, and 1999, but have not been able to
resolve it.
The state of Jammu and Kashmir should have acceded
to Pakistan because of its Muslim majority population
and geographical location, but this was not happened
when Maharaj Hari Singh seek military assistance from
India to resist the Pakistani tribal ’s attacks and ultimately
signed the ‘Instrument of Accession’ with India. Maharaja Hari Singh was the las
ruling Maharaja of the princely
state of Jammu and Kashmir in
India.
6. According to scholars, Indian forces have committed
many human rights abuses and acts of terror against
Kashmiri civilian population including extrajudicial
killing, rape, torture, and enforced disappearances.
KASHMIR ISSUE AT UN :
PM Imran Khan claimed the conflict of
Kashmir in the General Meeting Of UN on 27 Sep,2019 as following
the Indian terrorism and lock down over it of 5 Aug,2019. The few
words of Imran Khan are as :
“This is the time when you, the United Nations, must urge India
to lift the curfew; to free the 13,000 Kashmiris who have
disappeared meanwhile and this is the time when the UN must
insist on Kashmir's right to self determination! ”
7. “ WILL THE WORD COMMUNITY APPEASE A MARKET OF 1.2BN OR
WILL IT STAND UP FOR JUSTICE AND HUMANITY? IF A
CONVENTIONAL WAR STARTS BETWEEN 2 COUNTRIES, NUCLEAR
COUNTRIES ANYTHING COULD HAPPEN. ”
This was the first speech that Imran Khan made in UN
as a representor of Pakistan . Before this, the former
PM of Pakistan Mian Nawaz Sharif also raised the voice
for Kashmir but it was lend down and everyone put a deaf
ear to it .
“ There will be a reaction to this, Pakistan will be blamed,
two nuclear-armed countries will come face to face like we
came in February.”
PM Imran Khan at the UN General Assembly
8. Military Border Issues :
The border between the two Nations is an internationally
recognized frontier from Gujarat/Sindh only with exemption to
the Line of Control that is not internationally accepted.
Line of control is the boundary between the Pakistan-
administered Kashmir and Indian-administered Kashmir. It was
demarcated after the Shimla pact in 1972.
On 27 February 2019, Abhi Nandan Varthaman was flying a
MiG-21 as a part of a sortie that was scrambled to intercept an
intrusion by Pakistan aircraft into Jammu and Kashmir. In the
dogfight that ensued, he crossed into Pakistan territory where
he was struck by a missile. Varthaman ejected and descended
safely in the village of Horran in Pakistan administered Kashmir,
approximately 7 km from the Line of Control.
9. Water Issues :
The Indus Waters Treaty is a water-distribution treaty
between India and Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank to
use the water available in the Indus System of Rivers located
in India. The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) was signed in Karachi
on September 19, 1960 by the first Prime Minister of India
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and then President of Pakistan Ayub
Khan.
According to this agreement, control over the water flowing
in three "eastern" rivers of India — the Beas, the Ravi and the
Sutlej with the mean annual flow of 33 million acre-feet
(MAF) — was given to India, while control over the water
flowing in three "western" rivers of India — the Indus, the
Chenab and the Jhelum with the mean annual flow of 80
MAF — was given to Pakistan.
10. Human Rights Abuses :
India accuses the Pakistan Army for abusing human
rights in Jammu and Kashmir by violating the
ceasefire and continuing to kill Kashmiri civilians, a
claim rejected by Pakistan which blames the Indian
Army for the violation of Line of Control.
India was in persistent violation and non-compliance
of the UN resolutions, and it had sought to suppress
the voice of the Kashmiri people through
occupation, terror and oppression, involving use of
force and grave and systematic violations of human
rights and international humanitarian law in the
occupied territory.
