Energy Efficient Tiny Homes
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A presentation on energy efficiency and green building practices for Tiny Houses in cold climates.
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Energy Efficient Tiny Homes
- 1. What do you get when you mash up a refrigerator box, a trailer, a sleeping bag and a thermos? Considerations for Energy Efficient Green and Healthy Tiny Homes Shawna Henderson, CEO Bfreehomes Design Ltd. www.bfreehomes.com 1.902.489.1014
- 2. Net Zero Energy Ready New Construction Deep Energy Retrofits 70 -90% less energy for space & water heating Optimize building envelope Minimize systems Maximize renewables Barrier free layouts + user friendly details
- 3. St. Margarets Bay, 1996 St. Margarets Bay, 1992 St. Margarets Bay, 1998 Lunenburg, 2002 Wallace River, 2007
- 4. 12 house types, 6 cities Range of ages: 1922 to 2000 1. How does house type/age affect NZEEH? 2. How does climate affect NZEEH? Approaching Net Zero Energy in Existing Houses CMHC 2006-2008
- 5. Ligh@ng 5% Appliances 13% Water 17% Space 65% ERS80 (PRE-‐2012 R-‐2000) Changing Energy End Use Patterns • Reduce space heating load – Air tightness measures – Insulation Measures • Reduce water heating load – Fixtures – Drainwater Heat Recovery • Meeting DWH load becomes biggest challenge – Mechanicals designed around low temp hot water delivery – Minimal electrical loads @ fans/pumps – Small loads, can sacrifice efficiency @ blower • Electrical base loads – Primarily occupant driven – Builder has minimal impact Ligh@ng 13% Appliances 46% Water 8% Space 33% Net Zero Energy (solar thermal op@on) Ligh@ng 10% Appliances 44% Water 20% Space 26% Net Zero Energy (non-‐solar thermal)
- 6. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 As Is Conven@onal DER with solar Energy Use Comparison Ligh@ng Appliances Water Space 50% reduc@on 80% reduc@on Shrinking Energy Use, Period
- 7. Revisit, Revise, Rethink Example: energy Analysis & Financial Evaluation Work Flow • Initial measures impact the types of measures (and associated costs) further down the path to Net Zero Energy. Excel worksheet Revise to targets IRR/ simple payback Costings Loads w/fuel equivalents Energy contributions Incremental capital costs over baseline Reductions in purchased fuel Contributions from Renewables Offsets to purchased fuel (DWHR) Select target reduction from baseline Model for 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% reductions from baseline Select regionally appropriate assemblies to increase insulation levels Specify high performance mechanicals and renewables Estimate regional fuel costs Design is not a linear process
- 8. House as a System Many components determine energy use, occupant health, and comfort: Heat Flow Moisture Flow Air Flow Thermal Boundaries Pressure Boundaries House Shape and Size
- 10. Keep the heat in Building Envelope Most optimal surface to volume ratio Highest levels of insulation Lowest air leakage possible Tiny Houses Weight penalty for trailer Stability in light frame Cost/budget allocation
- 11. Like standard practice, only better Tried & True Air sealing interior VDR Insulating with fibre Insulating/air sealing with foam Innovative Quad glass with 2 suspended films, krypton fill Vacuum Insulated panels: RSI 22.7/mm (R30/inch) (LEAF 3, trialing in Yukon) Materials and Assemblies
- 12. Control moisture Conventional Air Sealing Whole House Ventilation Spot Ventilation Tiny Houses Volume ≠ standard unit capacity Sound attenuation requirement Space for equipment
- 13. Mechanical Ventilation HRVs or ERVs • Whole House • Room-by-room • Balanced • Heat Recovery • Quiet
- 14. Mechanical Ventilation Apartment/Room HRVs • Thru the wall • Ceramic core • Nearly silent • Minimal Energy
- 15. Optimize systems Conventional Match supply to demand temps Integrate equipment Optimize delivery Tiny Houses Eliminate Sound attenuation requirement Space for equipment
- 16. Like standard practice, only better Integrated systems Space and water heating/cooling Space/water & ventilation Flexibility of energy sources What types? How many? Issues Preplanning Servicing non-conventional systems Distribution systems Optimized Mechanicals Air handler Hot water coil Evaporator Coil (cooling) op@onal Integrated Space Condi@oning and Water Hea@ng (forced air) Air to Water Heat Pump (hydronic space condi@oning and water hea@ng)
- 17. Always cheaper to save a Watt than make a Watt Reduce loads Space heating Water heating Lighting Appliances Preplanning Solar thermal PV Micro co-generation District energy Renewable Energy
- 18. What to do with your poop? Waste water #1 issue after poop Closed Loop Systems Compost toilet Open Loop Systems Chemical toilet Wastewater tanks
- 19. If I can be of service, please don’t hesistate to contact me: Shawna Henderson, CEO Bfreehomes Design Ltd. www.bfreehomes.com shawna@bfreehomes.com mobile: 1.902.489.1014