1. HYOID BONE
Hyoid
The U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that
supports the tongue muscles

2. SPINAL CORD & RIBS

3. CERVICAL VERTEBREA
The upper part of the spine consist of 7 bones.
The atlis is the bone right below the skull that hold it up and
the axis is the bone tight below that that helps it turn.

4. THORACIC VERTEBRAE
This part of the vertebrae consist of 12 bones.

5. LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
This part of the vertebrae consist of 5 bones.

6. SACRUM
This contains 5 different bones that over time fuse into one.

7. COCCYX
• or tailbone, is the triangular bony structure located at the bottom
of the vertebral column. It is composed of three to five bony
segments held in place by joints and ligaments.

8. STERNUM
Also known as the manubrium sterni it is the broad,
upper part of the sternum.

9. TRUE RIBS
They are the first 7 ribs in the body. They are called
true ribs because they are actually connected to the
sternum directly.

10. FALSE RIBS
These are the 3 ribs right under the true ribs. They are
called false because they are no directly connected the
sternum, instead they are connected to a cartilage.

11. FLOATING RIBS
These are the last 2 ribs right below the rib cage. They are
called floating ribs because they are not connected to the
sternum or another ribs at all. They are just connected to the
spine and stick out.

13. CLAVICLE
6

14. SCAPULA
7

15. HUMERUS
6

16. RADIUS AND ULNA
6

17. CARPALS AND METACARPALS AND PHALANGES
• There are eight carpal bones in the base of each hand. There are five metacarpals in each hand.
There are 16 bones for phalanges. From closet to the center of the hand going outward it goes from
proximal, middle, and distal. There is no first middle phalange only proximal and distal.
1

18. The upper and lower extremities of humans offer many interesting points of
comparison and of contrast. They and their individual components are
homologous—i.e., of a common origin and patterned on the same basic
plan. A long evolutionary history and profound changes in the function of
these two pairs of extremities have led, however, to considerable
differences between them. (3)

19. • lower extremity-
• Coxal (Pelvic Girdle)- What bones make up the Acetabelum? Howcan an anthropologist
tell the difference between a male and female?
• Ilium- Iliac crest, ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, PIIS, Greater Sciatic Notch
• Ishium- ishial tuberosity
• Pubis- Pubic Tubercle
• Femur- head, neck, greater trochanter, Lesser trochanter, condyles, epicondyles, trochlea
• Patella
• Tibia- condyles, Tibial Tuberosity, Tibial Plateau, Medial Malleolus
• Fibula- Head, Lateral malleolus
• Tarsals- Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, (1,2,3) Cuneiforms, Cuboid
• Metatarsals- Long Bones Numbered I through V
• Phalanges- Proximal, Medial, Distal I through V

20. COXAL PELVIC GIRDLE
The ilium / pubis and ischium bones make up the Acetabelum.
Male Female
•narrower, heart-shaped pelvic inlet •open, circular pelvic inlet
•narrower sciatic notch •broader sciatic notch
•narrower angle where the two pubic bones in •wider angle where the two pubic bones meet in
front front
•more outwardly flared hip bones
This chart helps to explain how anthropologists can determine weather pelvic bones are
male of female. (1)

21. Female pelvic
bone
Male pelvic bone (1)

22. ISHIUM- ISHIAL TUBEROSITY
ISHIUM
• is a bone in pelvis: the lowest and rearmost of the three bones that
make up each half of the pelvis
PUBIS
• lower front of hipbone: the bone that forms the lower front section of
the hipbone in humans and is one of a pair joined at the front of the
pelvis.
ILIUM
• Ilium the uppermost of the three bones composing each half of the pelvis(3)

23. FEMUR
• of thigh: relating to, in, or
involving the thigh or
femur
(3)

24. PATELLA
• middle joint of human leg: the joint of the human leg between the thigh and the lower leg,
where the femur and the tibia meet, covered in front by the kneecap patella
(4)
patella

25. TIBIA
• inner bone of lower leg: the inner and larger of the two bones in the lower leg, extending
from the knee to the ankle bone alongside the fibula (5)
tibia

26. FIBULA
• human leg bone: the outer and narrower of the two bones in the human lower leg between
the knee and ankle(6)
fibula

27. TARSALS
• human leg bone: the outer and narrower of the two bones in the human lower leg between
the knee and ankle(7)
tarsals

28. METATARSALS
• Metatarsals- Long Bones Numbered I through V
• of foot bones: belonging or relating to the bones between the toes and ankle(6)
metatarsals

29. PHALANGES
• Phalanges- Proximal, Medial, Distal I through V
• finger and toe bone: a finger or toe bone of a human being or vertebrate animal(6)
phalanges