sensors

1. MOTION
SENSING
TECHNOLOGY
presented by
P.CHAITANYA
09131A1275
IT
5/22/2013
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2. Overview
o What isa sensor?
o Motion sensor
o T
ypes of motion sensors
o Motion Detection
o T
ypes of Motion Sensing
o Dual sense technology
o Motion Sensor in mobile
o Motion sensor in Games
o Conclusion
o References
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3. Sensor
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o A sensor is a device which receives and
responds to a signal.
o A sensor (also called detector) is a converter
that measures a physical quantity and converts
it into a signal which can be read by an
observer or by an (today mostly electronic)
instrument.
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4. Specifications of Sensor
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🠶 Accuracy: error between the result of a
measurement and the true value being measured.
🠶 Resolution: the smallest increment of measure that
a device can make.
🠶 Sensitivity: the ratio between the change in the
output signal to a small change in input physical
signal.
🠶 Repeatability/Precision: the ability of the sensor to
output the same value for the same input over a
number of trials.
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5. Types of sensors
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🠶 There are many versions of each type which may
use a different sensing principle or may be
designed to operate within different ranges.
🠶 T
he sensors are used to measure and/or detect a
huge variety of conditions including: temperature,
pressure, level, humidity, speed, motion, distance,
light or the presence/absence of an object and
many other types.
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6. Motion sensors
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🠶 The term ‘Motion sensors’ can be used to refer to any
kind of sensing system which is used to detect motion;
motion of any object or motion of human beings.
🠶 Motion sensor isalso called as motion detector.
🠶 Motion sensors are commonly used in security systems
as triggers for automatic lights or remote alarms and
similar applications.
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7. Types of Motion sensors
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🠶 The way in which a motion sensor works
typically depends on the type of sensor being
used, which often depends on the device that
uses the sensor.
There are two basic types of motion sensors:
🠶 Active Sensors
🠶 Passive Sensors
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8. Active sensors
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🠶 Active sensors emit a signal, typically an burst
of (light, microwaves or sound) waves which is
reflected by the surroundings.
🠶 T
he reflected signal is received by the sensor
and takes necessary action.
🠶 When something moves within the area of an
active motion sensor
, the change in signal
that is reflected to the sensor activates the
system.
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🠶 The active sensor is one of the most common and
reliable sensors used in a security system.
🠶For example, when an automatic faucet senses
hands underneath it, a device issignaled to run
water in the sink.
Contd...

10. Passive sensor
🠶 Passive sensors are a type of motion
sensor that do not emit a signal, but
instead detect infrared radiation around
the sensor.
🠶 As this sensor detects temperature
differences, it is well suited to detecting
the motion of people by their body
temperature.
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11. Use as a human detection sensor to
automatically
turn lights on when a person is present in a room
and to turn them off when nobody isthere.
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When a person or
animal moves through
the area, heat from the
movement is detected
by the sensor, which then
activates the system to
which it isconnected
Contd...

12. Motion sensing isused in number of
applications
• Automated lighting system
• Security systems
• Smart Floodlights
• Burglar Alarm
• Radar Guns
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12 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

13. Advantages of Motion
sensor
🠶 Saves time
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🠶 Security
🠶 Easy to install
🠶 Saves energy
🠶 Powerful transmission
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14. Motion detection
Motion detection is the process of detecting a
change in position of an object relative to its
surroundings or the change in the surroundings
relative to an object.
Motion can be detected by:
🠶I
nfrared (Passive and active sensors)
🠶Optics (video and camera systems)
🠶 Radio Frequency Energy (radar, microwave motion
detection)
🠶 Sound (microphones and acoustic sensors)
🠶Vibration (seismic sensors) 5/22/2013
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15. TYPESOF MOTION SENSING
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🠶Local Motion Sensing
🠶Ultrasonic Motion Sensing
🠶Microwave Motion Sensing
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16. Local motion sensing
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🠶 I
nfrared light is a spectrum of non-visible — for
humans at least — light that is emitted by
objects when they produce heat.
🠶 I
nfrared motion sensor systems are one of the
cheapest and most reliable systems available.
🠶 An infrared motion detector uses infrared
sensing to detect motion in a given area.
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17. by high
🠶 Infrared sensors are characterized
sensitivity, low cost and are widely used.
🠶 An infrared motion detector can also be set to only
pick up on certain levels of heat, making it possible
to ignore small animals.
🠶T
his type of detector is often used as part of a
larger security system. 5/22/2013
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🠶T
he use of infrared technology usually allows such a
detector to only pick up on heat.
Contd...

18. Ultrasonic motion sensing
🠶T
hese frequencies are generally inaudible to
humans and most animals and do not pass through
most objects. 5/22/2013
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🠶Ultrasonic motion detectors use sound waves to
detect motion. If movement is detected, the sound
wave pattern is disrupted and alarm is signaled.
🠶 It senses motion by
analyzing sound waves
in its environment.

19. 🠶 Active motion sensors generate sound
waves in the ultrasonic frequency range,
typically around 30 to 50 kilohertz (kHz).
🠶 When no objects are moving in the area,
the pattern of sound and the time it takes to
bounce back remain the same.
🠶 If something moves, the detector senses
that the level or phase of the returning
sound waves has shifted slightly.
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Contd...

20. Microwave motion sensing
motion sensor systems send out
that bounce off an object and back to the sensor.
🠶T
he sensor then reads
the frequency of the
returning waves.
🠶Ifan object is moving, the sensor receives different
microwaves than the ones it sent out, signifying
movement and setting off the alarm.
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🠶Microwave
microwaves

21. 🠶 These types of motion sensor systems cover a
larger area than infrared sensors, they are
capable of penetrating walls.
🠶 They are more reliable over longer distances.
🠶 Their radiation is unhealthy for living organisms.
🠶 Despite this, they are the least popular motion
sensor system on the market because of their
theircost.
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Contd...

22. Dual sense technology
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🠶 Dual technology systems use a combination of
infrared and microwave motion sensor systems to
provide the most complete coverage available.
🠶 Using both forms of technology allows dual motion
sensor systems to reduce the occurrence of false
alarms by combining the microwave technology’s
coverage range and the infrared technology’s use of
heat sensing.
🠶 The dual technology system is rapidly gaining
popularity among homeowners and businesses alike.
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23. CELL PHONESWITHMOTION
SENSORS
sensor used in
mobile phones is accelerometer
which isa complex motion sensor.
🠶 It translates motion into action on
the screen.
🠶 Accelerometers are used in tablet
computers and digital cameras so
that images on screens are always
displayed upright.
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🠶 The motion
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24. Motion sensing in Games
🠶 Motion sensing technology
isan emerging technology
in Gaming.
🠶 Our focus technology will be Microsoft’s Xbox360 Kinect
peripheral, which is the first demonstrator of touch free motion
sensing.
🠶 The primary innovation of Kinect (and the most secretive) is the
device that enables advanced posture, gesture, facial, and
voice recognition.
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25. Kinect
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T
2
h
5
eKinect is composed of three major hardware compon
Webcam
An I
nfrared projector and sensor
Microphone

26. Challenges faced
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🠶Limited Camera And SensorCapability
🠶BetterAudio Sensing Capability
🠶Limited Body Recognition
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27. Conclusion
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Motion sensing, though important in gaming, will
ultimately make its biggest impact in non-gaming
applications
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28. References
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🠶http://developer
.android.com/guide/to
pics/sensors/sensors_motion.html
🠶 www.wikianswers.com/sensing
🠶www.wikipedia/motionsensing
🠶www.wisegeeks.com
🠶www.howstufffworks.com
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29. Thank you
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