Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
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Application of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
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Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
- 1. Application of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture
- 2. Corporate Mission Atomic energy for peace, health and prosperity Sustainable agricultural development, improved nutrition and food security to contribute to sustainable food security and safety by use of nuclear techniques and biotechnology
- 4. Application in Food and Agriculture Insect Pest Control by Sterile Insect Techniques Plant Breeding & Genetics by Mutation Techniques Animal Production & Health by RIA, ELISA, PCR, etc. Soil & Water Management & Crop Nutrition by Isotopic and Nuclear Techniques Food & Environmental Protection by Food Irradiation and Radio- analytical Techniques Nuclear Techniques
- 7. Mutation techniques - Improving crop cultivars - Enhancing biodiversity - Increasing farmer’s income
- 8. Crop improvement by mutation techniques MUTANT VARIETIES Total Number : 2672 Plant Species : 170 (2006) Sources: FAO/IAEA Mutant Varieties Database Cereals 1206 Flowers 454 Legumes 203 Oil crops 198 Others 611
- 9. The impact of mutation induction in crop improvement is measured in millions of ha and billions of $ Zhefu 802 (rice) 10.6 million ha China Baden- Wurttemberg & Bavaria VND95-20 (rice) 280,000 ha Vietnam Saarland Diamant (barley) 2.86 million ha Europe Brandenburg TAG24 (groundnut) 3 million ha India Thuringia Schleswig- Holstein
- 10. VND99-3 High quality for export Short duration (100 days) 3 rice harvests per year in the Mekong Delta 8 new high quality rice mutant varieties have been developed and adopted by farmers in Vietnam, where rice export is one of their main revenues . VND95-20 High quality Tolerance to salinity Key rice variety for export “ National Prize of Science and Technology of Viet Nam 2005” for its “significant socio-economic contribution”
- 11. 2. Soil-Water-Crop Nutrition Management Isotopic and nuclear techniques Water Soil Crop Nutrition
- 13. 2. Soil-Water-Crop Nutrition Management 31 P 14 N 32 P 15 N 31 P 14 N 13 CO 2 12 CO 2 13 C 12 C 18 O 16 O 31 P 32 P 13 CO 2 12 CO 2 16 O 18 O
- 15. 2. Soil-Water-Crop Nutrition Management 12 CO 2 (99%) 13 CO 2 (1%) Plants can be grouped according to 13 C discrimination (rice, wheat, forest, vegetation) (maize, sorghum, sugarcane, some tropical herbs) C4 plants: 13 C = -12 C3 plants: 13 C = -26
- 16. 2. Soil-Water-Crop Nutrition Management FRN with precipitation ( P ) Original soil level Resulting soil level Deposition site 137 Cs > P Erosion site 137 Cs < P
- 19. 3. Insect Pest Control by SIT Gamma Radiation No Offspring (BIRTH CONTROL) Sterile Sterile Wild
- 20. Integrated Pest Management With SIT Component Insect Pest Population Density aerial release of sterile flies ERADICATION months deployment of insecticide- treated targets or traps treatment of cattle with trypanocides treatment of cattle with insecticides
- 22. Exports of bell peppers and tomatoes from Central America to the USA (2004-2006) Overcoming phytosanitary trade barriers to facilitate access of high-value crops to lucrative export markets Fruit fly free areas (FFFA) FFFA in progress
- 23. TSETSE ERADICATION PROJECT ETHIOPIA (2000 – 2006) 60% reduction in disease prevalence Block-1
- 25. DNA-Assisted Selection Measure productivity Sample DNA (blood, hair, milk) Identify superior genes Develop nuclear-related test for selection and breeding 4. Animal Production & Health 80 cm
- 26. Efficient Utilization of Locally Grown Feeds 4. Animal Production & Health Label with isotope e.g. 15 N , 13 C18 Feed to livestock Nutrients dispersed throughout body Tissue sampling to assay isotope distribution Local plant materials
- 27. Use of isotope related techniques in disease management Take blood Analyze the result Run ELISA Protected Vaccinate Is this cow vaccinated?
- 28. Reducing Health Risks through the early, rapid and sensitive serological and molecular detection (such as ELISA and PCR) Combat Bird Flu Combat Bird Flu
- 33. Food Irradiation Codex General Standard for Irradiated Foods ENSURE FOOD HYGIENE OVERCOME QUARANTINE BARRIERS FOOD SAFETY TRADE MEAT SHRIMP CHICKEN GRAPES MANGOS ORANGES CUT FLOWERS SPICES
- 35. Atoms for Food and Agriculture: Meeting the Challenge
Notas do Editor
- The total mutant series of TAG groundnut varieties (in the last 10 years, 10 varieties ) had increasing success. TAG24 is the most popular, TAG37 the most recent mutant groundnut variety. 45% of breeders seeds are TAG varieties, mostly TAG24. In 2003, the total domestic seed sales were of 132,000 tons, covering an acreage 6,600,000 ha. There is neither seed export nor import. Thus, under the assumption that 45% Breeders’ Seeds is roughly equivalent to 45% of Foundation Seeds - Certified Seeds - Domestic Seed Sales, one might infer that the TAG series (principally TAG24) covers roughly an acreage of 45% (2970000 ha).