Object oriented Programming Concepts in java

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3. OOP Concepts in Java
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4. What is OOP?
 Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology or
paradigm to design a program using classes and
objects. It simplifies the software development and
maintenance by providing some concepts:

5. What Are Objects?
 Object means a real world entity Such as a person.
 Objects are the basic units of object-oriented programming.
 How do Software objects implement real-world objects?
-Use variables to implement states
-Use methods to implement behaviors
 An object is a software bundle of variables and related methods
 Object :- is the instance of a class

6. Class
• Class : -is the base design of objects
• which is a blueprint of an object
• No memory is allocated when a class is created.
• Memory is allocated only when an object is created.

7. Constructor
• Constructor in java is a special type of method that is used to
initialize the object.
• Java constructor is invoked at the time of object creation. It
constructs the values i.e. provides data for the object that is
why it is known as constructor.

8. Rules for creating java constructor
• There are basically two rules defined for the constructor.
• Constructor name must be same as its class name
• Constructor must have no explicit return type.
There are two types of constructors:
• Default constructor (no-arg constructor)
• Parameterized constructor

9. Example for Constructor
• Public class Shape
{
private int width;
private int height;
Shape(int height,int width)
{
this.width=width;
this.height=height;
}
Private int calculateArea()
{
return a*b;
}
}

10. OOP FEATURES
 Object
 Class
 Abstraction
 Encapsulation
 Polymorphism
 Inheritance

11. Data Abstraction
 Abstraction refers to the act of representing
essential features without including the
background details or explanations.
 Since the classes use the concept of data
abstraction , they are known as the abstract
data types.

12. Encapsulation
 The wrapping up of data and functions into a
single unit is known as Encapsulation.
 The data is not accessible to the outside world
and only those functions which are wrapped in
the class can access it.
 This insulation of the data from direct access by
the program is called Data hiding or information
hiding.

13. Polymorphism
• The ability to define a function in multiple forms is called
Polymorphism
• Polymorphism is the capability of a method to do different
things based on the object that it is acting upon.
• When one task is performed by different ways i.e. known as
polymorphism.
• For example: to draw something e.g. shape or rectangle etc.
• In java, we use method overloading and method overriding to
achieve polymorphism.

14. Inheritance
 When one object acquires all the properties and behaviors of
parent object i.e. known as inheritance. It provides code
reusability. It is used to achieve runtime polymorphism.
 This not only speeds up program development; it also ensures
an inherent validity to the defined subclass object

15. Example
Public class Shape
{
protected int width;
protected int height;
Int calculateArea()
{
Return x*y;
}
Public class dimensionshape extends Shape
{
Private int depth;
Int calculateVolume()
{
Return width*height*depth;
}
}

16. POP
In POP, program is divided into small
parts called functions.
POP follows Top Down approach
POP does not have any access
specifier
POP does not have any proper way for
hiding data so it is less secure.
Example of POP are : C, VB, FORTRAN,
Pascal.
OOP
In OOP, program is divided into parts
called objects.
OOP follows Bottom Up approach.
OOP has access specifiers named
Public, Private, Protected, etc.
OOP provides Data Hiding so
provides more security
Example of OOP are : C++, JAVA,
VB.NET, C#.NET.

17. End

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