This document provides an overview of research methodology concepts. It defines business research as a systematic and objective process of gathering, recording, and analyzing data to aid decision making. The three types of business research described are exploratory, descriptive, and causal research. Key qualities of good research include being systematic, logical, empirical, and replicable. The document also discusses the "iceberg principle" which notes that most problems have underlying, hidden aspects just like the majority of an iceberg is submerged. Finally, it outlines the steps in identifying a research problem, including ascertaining objectives, understanding background, isolating the problem, determining relevant variables, and stating research questions.

1. Research Methodology:
Some Basic Notions

2. Prepared By
 Ahemed Shamim Ansary
Palash Chandra Das
 Md. Miraj Hasan
 Saykat Kumar Saha
MBA (Regular)
Daffodil International University

3. Presentation on—
1.Define Business Research.
2. State the Various types of Business Research.
3. What are the Qualities and Criteria of a good Business
Research?
4. What is the “Ice-Berg” Principle?
5. “The Dangerous part of many business problems is like
the submerged portion of the Ice berg”— explain.
6. Discuss the several interrelated steps in the
identification of Research Problem.

4. 1. Define Business Research
Business research is defined as
the systematic and objective
process of gathering, recording
and analyzing data for aid in
making business decision.

5. 2. State the Various types of
Business Research
There are three types of Business Research.
Such as-
 Exploratory Research.
 Descriptive Research.
 Causal Research.

6. 1. Exploratory Research: Exploratory
research is conducted to clarify and define the
nature of a problem.
2. Descriptive Research: Descriptive
Research is to describe characteristics of a
population or phenomenon.
3. Causal Research: Causal research is to
identify cause and affect relationship among
variables.

7. 3. What are the Qualities and Criteria
of a good Business Research?
Criteria:
I. The purpose of the research should be
clearly defined and common concepts be
used.
II. It should be described in sufficient detail to
permit another researcher to repeat the
research for further advancement, keeping the
continuity.

8. III. It should be carefully planned to yield
results.
IV. The report with complete frankness,
flaws in procedural design.
V. The analysis of data should be
sufficiently adequate. Its validity and
reliability of the data should be checked
carefully.

9. Qualities of a good research:
1. Good Research is Systematic.
2. Good Research is Logical.
3. Good Research is Empirical.
4. Good Research is Replicable.
1. Good Research is Systematic: That
research is structured with specified steps
to be taken in a specified sequence.

10. 2. Good Research is Logical: Logical
reasoning makes research more meaningful in
the context of decision making.
3. Good Research is Empirical: That research
is related basically to one or more aspects of a
real situation and deals with concrete data.
4. Good Research is Replicable: The research
results to be verified by replicating the study and
thereby building a sound basis for decisions.

11. 4. What is the “Ice-Berg” Principle?

12. As with an iceberg, only a small proportion of many
things is clearly evident. Most problems are much
deeper than they at first appear.

13. 5. “The Dangerous part of many
business problems is like the
submerged portion of the Ice berg”
The principle indicating that the dangerous
part of many research problems is neither
visible to nor understood by researchers

14.  Most of the problems are unclear & hidden
 Just look as iceberg where only 10% is
visible
.  Just like what happen with “new” coke
case
 A researcher’s main concentration should
be on finding out hidden (submerged) part
of problem
 Without chalking out the problem at the
beginning, whole research work might be
spoiled. It is dangerous.

15. 6. Discuss the several interrelated
steps in the identification of
Research Problem.
1.Ascertain the decision maker’s objectives:
The researchers can’t discover the actual
problem because they lack sufficiently detailed
information.

16. 2. Understand the background of the problem:
a. A situation analysis i.e. preliminary investigation
is the logical first step in defining the problem.
b. Background information about the previous event
and why those events occurred.
c. The problem must be diagnosed exclusively by
exercising managerial judgment.

17. 3. Isolate and identify the problem, not the symptoms:
Anticipating all the dimensions of the problem is impossible
for the researcher.
4. Determine the unit of analysis: The researcher must
specify as to whether the level of in investigation will focus.
5. Determine the relevant variables: A variable is a set of
mutually exclusive properties. The factors influencing the
problem is called variable.
Mother Malnutrition ------------------------------- Child’s Death
Independent Dependent
6. State the research questions (Hypotheses) and research
objectives: Research objectives are derived from the
problem definition.

18. Thank
You