history of Journalism in india

1. HISTORY OF INDIAN
JOURNALISM

2. What is Journalism?
• “Knowledge of the current events is journalism. It
involves obtaining the facts their critical evaluation and
appropriate representation of such events”- C.G Muller
• Mainly concerned with newspaper
• NEWS: North , East, West and South

3. Objectives of journalism:
• Information
• Education
• Entertainment

4. Different types of
journalism:
• Investigatory journalism
• Journalism for electronic media
• Rural journalism
• Child journalism
• Science journalism
• Economic journalism
• Educational journalism
• Sports journalism
• Film journalism
• Cultural journalism

5. Who is journalist?
• “A journalist is the person who wants to give a definite
direction to the public through his writings published at
short intervals”- T.H.S Scott
• Ancient Indian Journalist:
• Narada: First Journalist on Earth and also known as
ancient father of journalism

6. Journalism in medieval
period
• Chaupals
• Panghats
• Moving on the horses and elephants
• Mughal emperors developed the technique of news letter
• The Mauryans were the first to start circulating
newsletters in India
• Renaissance and age of discovery

7. PIONEERS OF INDIAN
JOURNALISM

8. William bolts
First attempt to start a newspaper in Calcutta in 1776 but his
efforts to publish newspaper were not approved by the Company

9. JAMES AUGUSTUS HICKEY:
• James Augustus Hickey who published the first newspaper In
January 29th 1780, It was called the Bengal Gazette, Calcutta
General Advertiser and Hicky’s gazette
• Hickey is regarded as the father of the Indian press
• He described Bengal gazette weekly political and commercial
paper open to all parties but influenced by none
• James Augustus Hickey’s personal contention with the British
rule or its representative- East India Company

10. • The content was mainly for criticizing the East India
Company. But to make it more catchy and readable, Hickey
added other things four page Gazette, like a Gossip column, a
poet’s corner, news related the European scandals and most
importantly the advertisement
• There were two rival groups :one group supporting Warren
Hastings, and another group led by Philip Francis who himself
an aspirant of the post of the Governor General.
• The newspaper was entirely against Warren Hastings and his
friend Elijah Impey, the chief justice of the Supreme Court.
• The newspaper survived only for two years.

11. After Bengal Gazette:
• Rival paper(Messink and Reed) established India Gazette in
the year 1780 as a voice against Bengal Gazette. It was a new
paper of quality and standard in comparison to Hickey’s
newspaper, India Gazette enjoyed the patronage of Warren
Hastings in the form of all facilities from him. Approximately
200 newspapers/ journals came into existence between 1780
and 1857 but most of them were closed within short duration
of time.

12. Early Newspapers of Calcutta
• 1780 November – India Gazette by Bernard Mess ink
• 1784 February – Calcutta Gazette and Oriental
Advertiser
• 1785 February – Bengal Journal by Thomas Jones
• 1785 May – Oriental Magazine/Calcutta Amusement,
first monthly
• 1786 January – Calcutta Chronicle
• 1796 – The Telegraph
• 1799 – The Relator
• 1795 – The Harakuru, name changed in 1864 Indian
Daily News

13. Early newspapers of Madras
• 1785 – Madras Courier by Richard Johnson
• 1795 Weekly Madras Gazette by Robert William
• 1795 – Indian Herald by Humphrey (without authority
was arrested)
• As a result censorship was introduced in 1795

14. Early Press in Bombay
• 1789 – Bombay Herald, weekly
• 1790 – Bombay Courier by Luke Ashberner, name
changed to Bombay Times in 1838 under the editorship of
Robert Knight
• 1791 – Bombay Gazette
• 1792 - Bombay herald and Bombay Gazette merged
• 1816 – Bengal Gazette, The first Indian owned newspaper
by Gangadhar Bhattacharya

15. James Silk Buckingham
• Father of indian journalism
• He came to India in 1818 as the editor of the “ Calcutta
Chronicle”
• Biweekly paper consisiting of 8 pages
• Contain political, commercial and literary news and views.
• This set a new standard in calcutta journalism as
correspondence columns were open to all who had grievance.
• Buckingham paper was interested in discussing the acts and
policies of bengal govermnet, postal service ,the police , the
military establishment and government attitude to various
matters of public interest.

16. • Buckingham criticised the policy of sati and denounced
the government’s failure to put an and to this system.
• Calcutta journal was acknowledged to be the be the best
produced paper and the best in content and
presentation.
• Buckngham first encounter with authoritoes of east india
company col rubinson.
• In england buckingham started the “ Oriental Herald”
• Role and contribution of buckingham in indian journalism
:

17. • Imparted a quality of leadership
• Unbiased news
• Made the newspaper the mirror of the people
• He set a examples of others.