300003-World Science Day For Peace And Development.pptx
Rainforest biomes and characteristic
1. Rainforest Biome
&
its Characteristics
BBT308 Tropical Plant Ecology
Tan Xin Yi 130249
Nur Nasiha Sakina bt Jaafir 129976
Nurul Hidayah Ayub 129986
Nurul Shaidatul Shahida bt Azmi 131266
Shahrul Nizam bin Abu Bakar 131269
Hanis Liyana bt Fadzil 129943
Group : Beach
2. Definition
of Rainforest Biome
• A biome with dense forest dominated with
tall trees and receives high annual rainfall.
• The high annual rainfall and the thick forest
is what that make up the name “rain-forest”
4. • An evergreen rainforest found
in the tropics with warm
temperature and plants with
broad leaves.
• Climate warmer, receives more
rainfall and greater biodiversity
than temperate rainforest.
5. • A rainforest that can be found at
the temperate region where the
average annual rainfall lower and
temperature cooler than that of
tropical rainforest.
6. RAINFOREST CHARACTERISTICS
1. HIGH RAINFALL
• Rainforests have average annual rainfall between 80 inches and 430 inches
• Tree transpiration also contributes to increased humidity and cloud formation in rainforest areas
• As a single canopy tree can lose about 200 gallons of water per year, through transpiration
• This image shows that places on the equatorial
(red) which are mostly rainforest region produce
the most water vapor cause by tree transpiration
due to high rainfall.
7. 2. WARM TEMPERATURE AND LOW LATITUDE
• With average temperatures ranging from 72 to 93
degrees Fahrenheit and very little fluctuation during
the year, most tropical rainforests are warm all year
round, except those at higher elevations
• Situated within the tropics, most rainforests are found
nearby the Equator, in areas of latitude lower than 23
degrees North and South
• Moist climate of the equatorial zone with a large
annual water surplus and uniformly warm temperature
through the year
• Low latitude climates are controlled by equatorial
tropical air masses
8. 3. RICH BIODIVERSITY
• The tropical rainforest is the richest biome in
the world, containing more species per
square mile than any other forest.
• A tropical rainforest can have more than 480
tree species per hectare
• There are an estimated 8,500 species of
vascular plants in Peninsular Malaysia, with
another 15,000 in the East.
• The forests of East Malaysia are estimated to
be the habitat of around 2,000 tree species,
and are one of the most biodiverse areas in
the world, with 240 different species of trees
every hectare
• Insects species are the most abundant in the
rainforests.
9. 4. FOUR-LAYER CANOPY STRUCTURE
• Rainforests feature a distinct canopy structure
of four main levels;
i) the emergent layer, with 130 feet trees is
the highest level
ii) the canopy ceiling contains trees with
heights between 100 and 130 feet
iii) the understory, which contains trees and
shrubs about 20 to 60 feet above the floor
iv) and the ground level or forest floor, which
receives less than 2 percent of the
available sunlight.
13. Use carbon dioxide
Reduce global warmingProvide shelter and shade
Release oxygen
Lower air temperature and
induce rainfall
Reduce evaporation rates
Reduce noise pollution
Provide timber and firewood
Stabilise the soil
Conserve energy
Acts as windbreaker Fix nitrogen
Have aesthetic value
ROLES OF TREE
16. 1. Temperature
• Stabilizing temperature is one of the function tropical forest.
• Tropical forest will absorb carbon dioxide gas that released by human by process
photosynthesis.
• If the process does not happen, it will effect rising in temperature.
• Next, in a long period iceberg at north pole will melting and next increase sea water level.
Diagram 1: Cycle of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
17. 2. Precipitate
• Play a vital role in local climate regulation by their interaction with water cycles.
• Helping the circulation of water by add water to the atmosphere via transpiration process.
• The water vapor released by leaves during photosynthesis.
• Next will become cloud rain.
• Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through
plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves,
• Then, it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.
Diagram 2: Process of
transpiration.
18. 3. Avoid from natural disaster.
• The forest serves as a deterrent to flooding and erosion.
• The forests act as sponge and can soak up excess rainwater, preventing run-offs and damage
from flooding.
• The roots will hold soil structure and prevent it from slide.
• The forest will releasing water in the dry season, and can prevent wild fires during drought.
Diagram 3: Types of natural disaster
20. Climate
- Refers to the weather pattern of a place over a
long period , long enough to yield meaningful
averages.
- Climate can be different for different seasons.
- Earth's climate is what you get when you
combine all the climates around the world
together.
Weather
- Weather is the changes we see and
feel outside everyday in a short
period of time.
- Weather can varies day to day or by
places.
Differences between Weather
and Climate
21. Climate change
is a change in
the usual
weather found
in a place.
This could be a
change in how
much rain a place
usually gets in a
year.
Or it could be a
change in
where rain and
snow usually
fall on certain
country in the
world
Climate Change
22. Impact of climate change
on tropical forest
( How do climate change on tropical forest )
1. Habitat loss
2. Migration of animals
3. Reduce primary production
4. Affect site capacity to store water canopy, little
layer and soil.
23. Impact of climate change on tropical forest
5. Affect dry land salinity
6. Reduce productivity of forest
7. Increase forest pathogen
