READ ABOUT CAREFULLY TO RELATED PPT OF ARCHITECTURE SERVICES

1. ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES
NAME:-- SHAHREYAR AZAM
SUBMITTED TO:- AR. SONAM DUBEY
AIAP GREATER NOIDA

2. (1) BUILDING ACOUSTIC
• Common Acoustical Defects And Recommended Remedies
• Acoustical conditions in a big room, ball or auditorium etc`. are
• achieved when there is clarity of sound in every part of me occupied
• space.
• For this, the sound should rise to suitable intensity everywhere with
• no echoes or near echoes or distortion of the original sound ; with
• correct reverberation time
• COMMON DEFECTS :
• (1) Reverberation
• (2) Formation of echoes
• (3) Sound foci
• (4) Dead spots
• (5) Insufficient loudness
• (6)External noise

3. REVERBERATION
◼ REVERBERATION IS THE PERSISTENCE OF SOUND IN THE
ENCLOSED SPACE, AFTER THE SOURCE OF SOUND HAS
STOPPED AS A RESULT OF MULTIPLE ECHOES.
◼ REVERBERANT SOUND IS THE REFLECTED SOUND, AS A RESULT
OF IMPROPER ABSORPTION.
◼ REVERBERATION MAY RESULT IN CONFUSION WITH THE
SOUND CREATED NEXT.
◼ HOWEVER SOME REVERBERATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR
IMPROVING SOUND QUALITY.
◼ PARALLEL REFLECTIVE SURFACE GENERATES
UNWANTED REVRBERATION.

4. REMEDIES
◼ THE REVERBERATION TIME CAN BE CONTROLLED BY THE
SUILABLE CHOICE OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND
FURNISHING MATERIALS.
◼ THERE SHOULD BE A LIMITED NUMBER OF WINDOWS.
THEY MAY BE OPENED OR CLOSED TO OBTAIN OPTIMUM
REVERBERATION TIME. SINCE OPEN WINDOWS ALLOW
THE SOUND ENERGY TO FLOW OUT OF THE HALL.
◼ BY COVERING CEILINGS WITH GOOD SOUND ABSORBING
MATERIALS.
◼ BY COVERING THE FLOORS WITH CARPET.

5. SOUND FOCI
◼ REFLECTING CONCAVE SURFACES CAUSE
CONCENTRATION OF REFLECTED SOUND , CREATING A
SOUND OF LARGER INTENSITY AT THE FOCAL POINT.
THESE SPOTS ARE KNOWN AS SOUND FOCI.
◼ SUCH CONCENTRATIONS OF SOUND INTENSITY AT
SOME POINTS LEAD TO DEFICIENCY OF REFLECTED
SOUND AT THE OTHER POINTS.
◼ CONCAVE DOME , VAULTS ,OR WALLS WILL FOCUS
REFLECTED SOUND INTO CERTAIN AREA OF ROOMS.
THIS HAS SEVERAL DISADVANTAGES. FOR EXAMPLE-
◼ IT WILL DEPRIVE SOME LISTNERS OF USEFUL SOUND
REFLECTIONS AND CAUSE HOT SPORTS AT OTHER
AUDIENCE POSITION.
• REMEDIES
• AVOID CURVED SURFACE OR TREAT THEM WITH
PATCHES OF ABSORBENTS TO PROVIDE DIFFUSION.

6. DEAD SPOTS
◼ THIS DEFECT IS AN OUTCOME OF THE
FORMATION OF SOUND FOCI.
◼ BECAUSE OF HIGH CONCENTRATION OF
REFLECTED SOUND AT SOUND FOCI, THERE IS
DEFICIENCY OF REFLECTED SOUND AT SOME
OTHER POINTS. THESE POINTS ARE KNOWN AS
DEAD SPOTS.
◼ WHERE SOUND INTENSITY IS SO LOW THAT IT IS
INSUFFICIENT FOR HEARING.

7. INSUFFICIENT LOUDNESS
• THIS DEFECT IS CAUSED DUE TO
a) LACK OF SOUND REFLECTING FLAT SURFACE NEAR THE SOUND SOURCE
b) EXCESSIVE SOUND ABSORPTION TREATMENT IN THE HALL.
• REMEDIES :
a) PROVIDING HARD REFLECTING SURFACE NEAR THE SOURCE,
b) BY ADJUSTING THE ABSORPTION OF THE HALL SO AS TO GET OPTIMUM
TIME OF REVERBERATION

8. EXTERNAL NOISE
◼ EXTERNAL NOISE FROM VEHICLES, TRAFFIC ENGINES , FACTORIES, COOLING
PLANTS ETC. MAY ENTER THE HALL EITHER THROUGH THE OPENINGS (SUCH
AS DOORS, WINDOWS, VENTILATORS ETC.) OR THROUGH WALLS AND
OTHER STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS HAVING IMPROPER SOUND INSULATION.
• REMEDIES:
• THIS DEFECT CAN BE REMOVED BY PROPER PLANNING OF THE HALL WITH
RESPECT TO ITS SURROUNDINGS AND BY PROPER SOUND INSULATION OF
EXTERNAL WALLS.

9. (2) NOISE CONTROL
• Noise is unwanted sound. It can cause hearing loss, disturb communication
or cause nuisance.
Noise control is a set of strategies to reduce noise pollution or to reduce
impact , whether outdoors or indoors.
• Vibration of large parts
• Improper maintenance
• Due to transportation
• Roadways noise

10. (3)CONSTRUCTIONAL MEASURES FOR SOUND
INSULATION OF BUILDINGS
• Noise is unwanted sound. It can cause hearing loss, disturb communication or cause
nuisance.
Noise control is a set of strategies to reduce noise pollution or to reduce impact ,
whether outdoors or indoors. Walls and partitions are the vertical barriers to noise. Their
proper design and construction may insulate the sound to the desired level. Wall
construction, used for sound insulation, may be four types.
• Rigid and Massive Homogeneous Walls.
• Partitions of Porous Materials.
• Double Wall Partition.
• Cavity Wall Type Construction.

11. • 1. Rigid and Massive Homogeneous Walls
• A rigid wall consists of stone, brick or concrete masonry construction, well
plastered on one or both the sides. The sound insulation offered by these rigid
walls depends upon their weight per unit area. The sound insulation thus
increases with the increase in the thickness of the wall. Because of the
logarithmic variation between weight and transmission loss, such a construction
(i.e.solid wall) becomes highly uneconomical and bulky after certain limit
2.Partition walls of Porous Materials
• Porous materials may be rigid or non-rigid. Rigid porous materials (such as
porous concrete masonry cinder concrete etc.), the insulation increases about
10% higher than the non-porous rigid material. However, partition walls of non-
rigid porous materials (such as felt, mineral wool etc.) offer very low sound
insulation, though they can be used in combination with rigid materials with
added advantage.

12. • 3. Double Wall Partition
• A double wall partition shown in Figure, consists of plaster boards on fibre
boards or plaster on laths on both the faces, with sound absorbing blanket
in between staggered wooden studs are provided as support, though their
number should be a minimum. A double wall construction is thus a partition
wall of rigid and non-rigid porous materials.
• 4. Cavity Wall Construction
• This is an ideal construction from the point of view of sound proofing as
shown in Figure. The gap between the two leafs of the wall may be left air-
filled or else filled with some resilient materials, like quill etc. well suspended
in the gap. The two faces of the wall may be fixed with celotex or other
insulating board. The width of cavity should be at least 5 cm, and the two
wall leaves should be tied by use of only light butterfly wall ties.

13. (4)ACOUSTICAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND
FACTORS
• There are six acoustic design principles to consider.
• 1. Understand the Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) rating.
• 2. Add acoustic panels.
• 3. Consider how you insulate for sound.
• 4. Incorporate acoustic zoning.
• 5. Design for privacy with flexible options
• 6. Consider steel decking.

15. (5)ACOUSTICAL DESIGN)
• Acoustic design services involves the detailed
planning and design to control sound transmission
for compatibility with the architectural design
concept.
• 1.2 Throughout architectural history, one of the
limiting criteria in building design has been the
need to control sound in an enclosed space. The
continuing evolution of products and techniques
in sound management and control has provided a
wider flexibility in the design of the interior
environment. This allows the Architect to build an
environment that answers the acoustical demands
of varied activities within an enclosed space.