Agroforestry It is the use of land for combination of agricultural and forestry

1. Agroforestry

2. Department Of Economics & Banking.
Course Code: ECON-3507
Course Name: Agricultural Economics
.
Submitted To: Shah Meraz Rizvi
ID No:EB161045
Semester: 5th.
Submitted By: Mr. Zobayer Ahmed , Lecturer, IIUC
Submission Date: 11/08/2018

3. Table of
Context
1. Introduction to Agroforestry
2. Characteristics of Agroforestry
3. Attributes of Agroforestry
4. Components of Agroforestry
5. Historical Development of Agroforestry in BD
6. Shifting Cultivation and Taungya Cultivation
7. Difference Between Shifting cultivation and Taungya System
8. Benefits and Limitation of Agroforestry
9. Introduction to BD Forest
10. Types of BD Forest
11. Similarities & Dissimilarities
Conventional Forest, Social Forest, Agroforestry
12. Scope of Agroforestry in BD
13. Terminology Commonly Used in Agroforestry

4. Introduction to Agroforestry
Agroforestry is the art and science of growing wood and non-woody plants together on the same unit of land
for range of benefits. It is the use of land for combination of agricultural and forestry.
In other word, The practice of
growing tree crops or some other
fast growing trees along with the
main crop.
Agroforestry is one of the
important sustainable land
management techniques, involving
a combination of different
agricultural, horticultural, forestry,
and livestock practices. something
it is closely related to community
forestry and homestead forestry.
https://www.purprojet.com/agroforestry-and-reforestation/

5. Characteristics of Agroforestry
A. Multiple plant components, at least one of which must be a woody perennial.
Components of the system, either ecological and economical.
B. A high level of interaction (economic and biophysical) between the woody
and non-woody components.
C. Usually multiple product, often of different categories (e.g. food, fodder.
fuelwood).
D. The cycle of an agroforestry system is always more than one year.
E. The most simple agroforestry system is more complex, ecological and
economically than a mono- cropping system.
Source: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/

6. Attributes of Agroforestry
A. Productivity:
• Agroforestry systems aim to maintain or increase production as well as
productivity.
• Agroforestry can improve productivity in many different ways.
These include:
▪ increased output of tree production,
▪ improved yields of associated crops,
▪ reduction of cropping system inputs, and increased labor efficiency.
B. Sustainability:
• It based on conserving the production potential of the resource.
• Mainly thought, the beneficial effects of woody perennials on soils.
• Achieve and indefinitely maintain conservation and fertility goals.
C. Adaptability:
• Accepted the farming community.
• The implication is improved or new agroforestry technologies.
• Introduced into new area should also conform to local farming patices.
There are three attributes which all agroforestry systems possess, these are-
Source: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/

7. Types of Agroforestry
There are three types in Agroforestry system, these are:
3. Agri-silvopastoral systems, a
mixture of the two systems
above, which produces tree
products, crops, and livestock.
1. Agrisilvicultural systems, which
manage land for the production
of agricultural crops and forest
trees .
2. Silvopastoral systems, which
produce both wood products and
livestock (animal) .
Source: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/

8. Historical Development of Agroforestry in BD
1979 In the Mid 80s In 1987
In 1988
First National Agroforestry
Workshop was held at
BARC organized by NAWG
during 21-25 June.
The active initiation of
the personnel engaged in
the Forestry Division of
Bangladesh Agricultural
Research Council (BARC).
National Agroforestry
working Group (NAWG)
The first Agroforestry program
started. Participation of 70
families of Betagi village.
extended in Pomora village on
Khas and protected forest land.
To start with 70 families so far
total 235 families (83 in Betagi
and 152 in Pomora) has been
rehabilitated in two village.
Betagi- Pomora Community
Forestry Project Established where Agroforestry
as a land use systems were
evaluated and its potential and
necessity in our farming system
has been judged.
Research Division (OFRD) in BARI
In the 1990
The Giant NGOs like BRAC,
Proshika, SDC and others
started Agroforestry works in
the country.
In 1998
In 1997 In 1996 Initiated under the
guidance of Prof. Abdul
Haque (the then
Professor of Crop Botany)
with financial assistance
of Swiss Agency for
Development and
Cooperation (SDC).
Village and farm Forestry
Program (VFFP)
The course of Agroforestry in
its curricula for the degree of
B.Sc (hons) in Forestry.
Institute of Forestry of the
University of ChittagongAgroforestry research works
inIchamoti of Rangunia. Fashiakhali
of Dulahazra and Salna of Gazipir
with a view to maximize the
productivity of the Govt. forest land.
Bangladesh Forest Research Institute
(BFRI)
Department of Agroforestry
was established by the
indefatigable works of Prof.
Abdul Haqu e.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org

9. Shifting Cultivation and Taungya System
It refers to farming of agricultural systems in which land under vegetation is cleared, cropped with agricultural crops for
year, and then left unattended while the natural vegetation regenerates. The cultivation phase is usually short (2-3 years),
but the regeneration phase in much longer (traditionally 10-20 years). This is also known as Jhum cultivation or Jhuming.
Choose of land for jhum cultivation depends on following features:
▪ High Slope
▪ Well grown trees and bamboo
▪ Large trees in their hill side are not selected for Jhum Cultivation
▪ Enough availability of earth worm in the soil.
Shifting Cultivation
Taungya system
Tanugya means Hill Cultivation. Taungya system consists of growing annual agricultural crops with the forest
species during the early years of establishment of the forestry plantation.
The following crops are very common in Jhuming in the whole of Chittagong Hill Tracts:
Rice, Maize, Sesame, Turmeric, Pineapples, Cotton, Vegetables etc.
Source: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/

10. Difference Between Shifting cultivation and Taungya System
Shifting Cultivation Taungya System
Main objective is to produce crops. To grow trees
It is sequential system of growing woody
species and agricultural crops.
It is a simultaneous system.
The length of agricultural cycle last only as long
as the soil sustain reasonal crop yield .
It is primarily dependent on the physical
availability od space and light.
Shifting Cultivation Taungya System
Source: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/

11. Benefits and Limitation of Agroforestry
1. Environmental Benefits:
▪ Environmental hazards: Flood, Drought, Cyclone etc.
▪ Conserved biodiversity.
▪ Improved Microclimate.
▪ Purification of air and water.
▪ Reduce use and chemical fertilizer.
▪ Reduce pressure on forests
2. Economic Benefits
▪ Diversifies the range outputs. (area)
▪ Increase the value of outputs. (land)
▪ Provides productive use of underutilized land, labour and capital
3. Social Benefits
▪ Improved a rural living standards.
▪ Higher income.
▪ Stabilization and improvement of upland communities.
4. Biological Benefits
▪ Increase crop productivity.
▪ Sustain crop productivity.
▪ Produce diversified food.
Benefits of Agroforestry:
1. Environmental aspect
▪ Possible competition of trees with food
crops for space, sunlight, moisture and
nutrients.
▪ Damage of food crops during tree
harvest operation.
2. Socioeconomic aspects:
▪ Requirement of more labour inputs.
▪ Competition between tree and food
crops.
▪ More complex.
Limitation Of AF:

12. Introduction to Bangladesh Forest
In Bangladesh Forests is one of the major biodiversity areas.
• The total area of forest land is 2.53 million hectares
• 17.5% of the country’s area.
• Bangladesh Forest Department manages 1.53 million
hectares of forest land.
According to the Department of Environment, Bangladesh,
• 24% of its land area was forested in 1947. (Closed forest area)
• This has been reduced to only 6.5 percent in 1980 as estimated by the World Resources Institute.
• The reduction of forest cover in Bangladesh between 1947 and 1980 is thus estimated to be 75%.
The neighboring countries in South and Southeast Asia are relatively
better off in this respect.
Nepal is 13%, India 16%, Sri Lanka 26%, Bhutan 45%, Myanmar 47%
The proportion of area under closed forest would be only 5.8% of
the total area of Bangladesh in 1991 with an estimated annual
deforestation rate of 8000 ha.
Source: https://www.slideshare.net/

13. Forest type of Bangladesh on the basis of ecological distribution:
1. Tropical Wet Evergreen and Semi Evergreen Forests.
• Chittagong and Sylhet
• 6,70,000 hectares
2. Tropical Moist Deciduous (Sal Forests)
• The largest belt is known as
“Madhupur Garh”, Garoh
hills, northwest part of the
country.
• 1,20,000 hectares
3. Mangrove Forests
•The mangrove forest, the Sundarbans in the
southwest of Bangladesh.
•The largest natural mangrove forest of the
world.
•Area is 6,01,700 hectares
Types of Bangladesh Forest
Source: https://www.slideshare.net/

14. Types of Bangladesh Forest
5. Homestead Forest4. Freshwater Swamp Forest
•Ratargul Swamp Forest located in
Gowainghat, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
• Banyan Tree
• 0.45 million hectares of cultivable lands
• 25.53 million Homesteads in Bangladesh that fulfill basic
needs of the people such as fruit, food, shelter, fodder
6. Plantation Forests
• It was initiated at early 1980s
with support from the World
Bank
Source: https://www.slideshare.net/

15. Similarities & Dissimilarities
Conventional Forest, Social Forest, Agroforestry
Conventional Forestry Social forestry Agroforestry
Its deals with only forest tree
species.
Deals with both forest and fruit
trees.
Deals with combination of tree and
agricultural crops and animal.
There are no people
participation.
Peoples directly participated and
execute the program in
community places.
People do this in their own land.
People are no direct beneficiary
of the produce from this forest. People are the direct beneficiary.
The produce in farmers own
property i.e the question of share
benefit does not arise.
Activities is limited only to Govt.
forest land.
It extends throughout the
community places including Govt.
forest also.
Activities limited only to the farmers
own land i.e in homestead , farm
land etc.
Source: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/

16. Scope of Agroforestry in Bangladesh
Agroforestry is most effective land use system from sustainable view point and is recognized worldwide as
the best productive system from which the rural poor people can meet their requirement of food, fuel,
fodder and other necessities. This has long been practiced by the farms of Bangladesh in haphazard manner.
The hometead of rural people is a unique feature of combination of trees, shrubs, vegetables, livestock
animals and duck and poultry birds in association of trees of different multipurpose values.
Estimated 16.7 million homestead of the country occupy about 0.3 million hectare of land in now under
traditional agroforestry practices. There is the great scope to manage and develop these homesteads with
sound sustainable technologies. Because the homesteads are providing the lion share of bio-fuel
requirement as well as fruit, fodder, timber and shelter for rural people.
Besides the homesteads, part of our cropper land (net cropper area 8085 m ha), 0.39 m ha current fallow land
, 0.27 m ha culturable waste land, 3.29 m ha land which is not available for cultivation and encroached forest
areas is Madhupur Sal forest.
CHT s forest along with the denuded hills of greater Chittagong region bring under agroforestry system.
Utilizing appropriate agroforestry technologies is these areas the over all production may be increase many
folds.

17. Thank You