2. Preface
“ ”
’

3. Table of Contents
’
’

4. ’

5. List of Figures

6. List of Tables

7. Definitions

9. Summary

10. “ ”
“ ”
“ ” “ ” “
” “
” “ ” “ ”
“ ”

11. 1. Introduction
1.1 Design Motivation
ç
ç
’
1.2 Design Goal

12. 1.3 Problem Statement
’
1.4 Sub-problems




1.5 Research Methodology
“
”,

13. “
”,
“
”
“
”,
“
”
1.6 Outline

15. 2. Communication
2.1 Wired- or wireless connection

16. 2.2 Selecting the wireless module
2.2.1 HM-TRP
’

17. 2.2.2 XBee-PRO DigiMesh 2.4
“ ”
Parameter Condition Min Typical Max Unit
Power Supply 2.4 3.3 3.6 V
Operating Temperature -40 85 ℃
Operating Frequency 413 433 453 MHz
Transmit Power Range 1 20 dBm
Receive Sensitivity FSK, Fdev=35K, DR=9.6Kbps -114 -112 dBm
FSK, Fdev=35K, DR=100Kbps -104 -102
Tx Current 20 dBm output power 100 120 mA
UART Data Rate 1.2 115.2 Kbps

18. ’
’

19. 2.3 Networking Infrastructure

20. ’
NI CH ID SH SL DH DL BD
MetPak Transmitter E EEFF 13A200 40C5CB58 13A200 40C4B9D2 57600
WindGen Transceiver E EEFF 13A200 40C4B9D2 13A200 40C4B9DA 115200
Porter Transceiver E EEFF 13A200 40C4B9DB 0 FFFF 115200
H-Building Transceiver E EEFF 13A200 40C4B9EE 0 FFFF 115200
SolPanel Transceiver E EEFF 13A200 40C4B9DA 13A200 40C4B9D6 115200
PC Receiver E EEFF 13A200 40C4B9D6 0 FFFF 115200

21. 2.4 Materials Used
Parameter Name Description
CH Channel Channel number used for transmitting and receiving data
(Uses 802.15.4 protocol channel numbers).
ID Network ID User network identifier. Nodes must have the same network
identifier to communicate.
SH Serial Number High The high 32 bits of the RF module’s unique IEEE 64-bit address.
(Read-only)
SL Serial Number Low The low 32 bits of the RF module’s unique IEEE 64-bit address.
(Read only)
DH Destination Address High Upper 32 bit of the 64-bit destination address. When combined
with DL, it defines the destination address used for transmission.
DL Destination Address Low Lower 32 bit of the 64-bit destination address. When combined
with DH, it defines the destination address used for transmission.
NI Node Identifier A string identifier for the module. (Up to 20 byte ASCII string).
BD Baud rate Serial interface rate (speed for data transfer between radio
modem and host).

22. 2.4.1 The Antenna
2.4.2 Signal Amplifier
2.4.3 XBee Explorer Board
Operating Frequency 2400 ~ 2500 MHz
Operation Mode Bi-directional, half-duplex
Output Power 2000 mW (33dBm)
Input Power 0 ~ 20 dBm
Transmit gain 13 ~ 16 dB
Receiver gain ≤ 12 dB
Power Adapter 6V/ 2A DC, 100 ~ 240 VAC

23. 2.4.4 DC Power Supply
2.4.5 Antennae pole
Input voltage 90 ~ 240 VAC 50/60 Hz
Input current 54 mA (110V); 27 mA (220 V)
Output voltage 5 VDC ± 0.2V
Output current 0-800mA, 1A(peak)
Output power 4W, Max. 5W
Output ripple 60mV
Q Name Description Location
6 XBee-PRO DigiMesh 2.4 See section 2.2.2 All nodes, see Figure 2.4
6 2.4 GHz Omni Antenna See section 2.4.2 MetPak, Rutland 913,
Bridges
6 XBee Explorer Board See section 2.4.4 All nodes, see Figure 2.4
2 Electrical Box Box for fitting electrical components. Bridges
2 Junction Box Box where safety fuse is installed Bridges
2 Wi-Fi Signal Booster Sunhans 2W amplifier for boosting
received and transmitted signals.
Bridges
2 Antennae Pole 8 feet, galvanized steel, Ø 47mm,
2.7mm thickness
Bridges
4 M6 Bolts & Nuts Used for fastening the two antennae
poles at the bridges
Bridges
2 600mA Fuses Fuse for protecting components at
the bridges (630mA)
Bridges
2 Small Breadboard For mounting XBee module Rutland 913, PV-panels

24. 2.5 Installation
2.5.1 Porter House Bridge

25. 2.5.2 H-building Bridge
2.6 Network Benchmark

27. 3. MetPak Pro Weather Station
3.1 MetPak Pro specifications

28. 3.2 MetSet
Comms PRT
Interface RS232 PRT Sensor OFF
Baud Rate 57600 PRT Units C
Node ID Q
Output Rate 1/4HZ AN1
Message Mode CONT AN1 Sensor OFF
Sensor Type SOLAR
ASCII_Setup Units WM2
Termination CRLF Analog Input Type VOLTAGE
Echo ON Substitute Name AN01
High 99999
Wind Low 99998
North Alignment 0
Sensor Wind speed ON AN2
Wind speed Units MS AN1 Sensor OFF
No-Direction Wind Speed 0.50 Sensor Type TEMP
Units C
Temperature Analog Input Type VOLTAGE
Temperature Sensor ON Substitute Name AN02
Temperature Units C High 99999
Dew point Sensor ON1
Low 99998
Dew point units C
DIG1
Pressure DIG1 Sensor OFF
Pressure Sensor ON Sensor Type RAIN
Pressure Units HPA Units MM
Count 10.0
Humidity Substitute Name DIG01
Humidity Sensor ON
Humidity Units % Power Up
Status Message Output ON
Reporting Report Message
Output
ON
NODE,DIR,SPEED,PRESS,RH,TEMP,DEWPOINT,VOLT,STATUS Unit Message Output ON
Inputs Message Output ON

29. 3.3 Data Output
<STX>NODE, DIR, SPEED, PRESS, RH, TEMP, DEWPOINT, VOLT, STATUS2
<ETX>CHECKSUM
3.4 Materials Used
3.4.1 Buck Converter

30. 3.4.2 RSLink2
Q Name Description
1 XBee-Pro DigiMesh
2.4
Node: MetPak Transmitter. Wireless module for communication,
see Chapter 2.2.2
1 2.4 GHz Omni
Antenna
Antenna connected to XBee-Pro DigiMesh 2.4 module, see Chapter
2.4.2
1 Buck Converter For voltage stabilization and overvoltage protection, see section
3.3.1
1 XBee Explorer Board Interface Board for XBee module, see Chapter 2.4.4
1 RSLink2 board RS-232 to UART converter
1 Electrical Box 190 x 140 x 70 mm IP55
1 B2 Circuit Breaker Located at Rutland 913 sub-station.

31. 3.5 Installation

33. 4. Rutland 913 Wind Turbine

34. 4.1 Initial System’s Shortcomings
’
’
“ ’
”
4.1.1 No over-discharge Protection
’
4.1.2 No over-charge Protection

35. 4.1.3 No Thermal Overload Protection
4.2 Redesigned System
4.3 Shortcoming’s Solutions
4.3.1 Over-charge Protection

36. 4.3.2 Dynamic Dump Load
’

37. 4.3.3 I2T Protection

38. 4.4 The Arduino Code
“ ”
’
“ ”
’
void loop()
{
readSensors();
handleBatteryVoltage();
handleI2T();
displaySerial();
if (Serial1.available() > 0)
{
receivedBytes = Serial1.readBytesUntil(0x0A, inData,
55);
previousDataMicros = micros();
while (Serial1.available() > 0)
{
Serial1.read();
}
processSerial();
}
else
{
fictionalData();
}
}

39. 4.4.1 readSensors()
4.4.2 handleBatteryVoltage()
4.4.3 handleI2T()
4.4.4 displaySerial()

40. ’
processSerial()
fictionalData()
4.4.5 processSerial()
" "
4.5.6 fictionalData()
4.4.7 The CustomError Alarming Byte
’
’

41. Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Set Param. SPA HSTH NDPV WGTO BATUV BATOV NDWG NDMP

42. 4.5 Data output
<STX>NODE, , , , , , WPOW, , 00 , CUSTOMERROR<ETX>CHECKSUM
4.6 Materials Used
4.6.1 Arduino DUE
’

43. 4.6.2 ACS 712 Current Sensor
Microcontroller AT91SAM3X8E
Operating Voltage 3.3V
Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-16V
Digital I/O Pins 54 (of which 12 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 12 (up to 12-bit)
Analog Output Pins (DAC) 2
Hardware UART 4
Total DC Output Current on all I/O lines 130 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 800 mA
DC Current for 5V Pin 800 mA
Flash Memory 512 KB
SRAM 96 KB
Clock Speed 84 MHz
Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units
Supply Voltage VCC 4.5 5.0 5.5 V
Supply Current ICC VCC = 5.0, output open 10 13 mA
Zero Current Output Voltage VOUT Bidirectional; IP = 0A, TA = 25°C 0.5
x
VCC
Output Resistive Load RLoad VOUT to GND 4.7 kΩ
Optimized Accuracy Range IP -20 - 20 A
Sensitivity Sens Over full range of IP, TA = 25°C 96 100 104 mV/A
Noise VNOISE TA = 25°C, 185 mV/A,
CF = 47 nF, COUT = open, 2 kHz
bandwidth
11 mV

44. 4.6.3 ProtoShield with Breadboard
4.6.4 2 Channel SPDT Relay Board
4.6.5 IRFZ44N MOSFET

45. 4.6.6 2N2222 Transistor
Q Name Description
1 Arduino DUE MCU See section 4.6.1
1 ACS 712 Current Sensor 20A version, see section 4.6.2
1 ProtoShield with
Breadboard
See section 4.6.3
1 XBee-PRO DigiMesh 2.4 RF-module for wireless communication, see Chapter 2.2.2
1 XBee Explorer Board Interface Board for XBee module, see Chapter 2.4.4
1 Mini Breadboard Used for mounting XBee Explorer Board
1 2.4 GHz Omni Antenna Antenna connected to XBee-Pro DigiMesh 2.4 module, see
Chapter 2.4.2
1 2 Channel SPDT Relay Board Used for (dis)connecting the wind turbine. See section 4.6.4
1 IRFZ44N MOSFET MOSFET for switching dump load. See section 4.6.5
1 Heat sink for MOSFET Used for dissipating heat from MOSFET
1 2N2222 Transistor Used for MOSFET Driver, see section 4.6.6
6 0.25W 1% Resistors Used for various parts of the electrical circuit.
2 Electrical Box 1 Small where 2x B2 Breakers are installed, 1 Medium where
electronics are installed.
1 B2 Circuit Breaker Used for connecting or disconnecting power from MCU and
components. Installed next to breaker used for MetPak Pro.
1 Variable Power Resistor
(8Ω)
Used as dump load

46. 4.7 Installation

47. 5. Solar sub-system
’ ’
5.1 Specifications
Power Supply 9-12 VDC, 1A
Measured Parameters: Power W
Temperature °C
Solar irradiance Wm-2
System Inputs 3 x PV-panels
5 x TMP36 temperature sensor
1 x GS-WV Pyranometer
Range Optimal 6
PV Voltage 0 – 48 5 – 40 VDC
PV Current 0 – 10 0.5 – 8 ADC
Solar Irradiance 0 – 1000 20 – 1000 Wm-2
Temperature -40 – 1257
25 – 50 °C
PV MPPT Method Sweeping, takes approximately 2 seconds.
Resolution
Power 0.1 W
Solar Irradiance 1 Wm-2
Temperature 0.1 °C
Tolerance Typ Max
Power ±0.7 ±1.7 %
Solar Irradiance - - -
Temperature ±0.5 ±1.1 °C
Switching
Dump Load MOSFET 20.5 kHz
Cooling Fans 18.0 kHz
Duty Cycle Resolution 8 bit -
Alarm: Heat sink Temperature High, Solar Power Abnormality and No Data from Rutland 913.
Additional Features: Temperature depended cooling fan speed, high temperature shut off.

48. 5.2 Maximum Power Point Tracking
’
5.2.1 Perturb & Observe
“ ”
’
’

49. 5.2.2 Incremental Conductance
𝑑𝑃
𝑑𝑉
’
𝑑𝑃
𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑃
𝑑𝑉
5.2.3 Current Sweeping

50. 5.3 Sub-system’s Elements
5.3.1 The PV-panels
PVL-128 STP170S-24/Ab-1 STP205-18/Ud
Cell Technology Amorphous silicon Mono-crystalline Poly-crystalline
Optimum Operating Voltage 33.0 V 35.2 V 26.3 V
Optimum Operating Current 3.88 A 4.95 A 7.80 A
Open – Circuit Voltage 47.6 V 44.2 V 33.5 V
Short – Circuit Current 4.80 A 5.20 A 8.23 A
Maximum Power at STC 128 W 170 W 205 W
Power Tolerance ± 5% ± 3% ± 5%

51. 5.3.2 Dump Resistors
’
𝑈
𝐼
1
tan⁡( 𝜑)
Ω 𝜑
Ω Ω
“ ”
PVL-128 STP170S-24/Ab-1 STP205-18/Ud
Min R-value 8.51 Ω 7.29 Ω 3.37 Ω

52. 5.3.3 MOSFET Switching Boards


 ’



5.3.4 Arduino Connector Shield

54. 5.4 The Arduino Code
void loop()
void loop()
{
readTempSensors();
handleFanSpeed();
readSolarSensor();
displaySerial();
if (Serial1.available() > 0)
{
receivedBytes = Serial1.readBytes(inData, 65 );
previousDataMicros = micros();
while (Serial1.available() > 0)
{
Serial1.read();
}
processSerial();
sweepPanels();
}
else
{
fictionalData();
}
}
5.4.1 sweepPanels()
“ ”

55. 5.4.2 readTempSensors()
5.4.3 handleFanSpeed()
5.4.4 readSolarSensor()
5.4.5 displaySerial()

56. ’
processSerial() sweepPanels()
fictionalData()
5.4.6 processSerial()
“ ”
handleAlarms()
5.4.7 handleAlarms()
“ ”
5.4.8 fictionalData()

57. 5.4.9 CustomError Continued
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Set Param. SPA HSTH NDPV WGTO BATUV BATOV NDWG NDMP
5.5 Data output
<STX>NODE, DIR, SPEED, PRESS, RH, TEMP, DEWPOINT, WPOW, IRRAD, PVP1, PVP2, PVP3, AT,
PVT1, PVT2, PVT3, HST VOLT, MERPAKERROR, CUSTOMERROR<ETX>CHECKSUM

58. <STX>NODE, , , , , , , IRRAD, PVP1, PVP2, PVP3, AT, PVT1, PVT2, PVT3, , 00,
CUSTOMERROR<ETX>CHECKSUM
5.6 Materials Used
5.6.1 TMP36 Sensor
−

59. 5.6.2 Pyranometer
𝑉𝐴𝐷𝐶
2 𝑛∗𝑉𝑜
⁡
10-bit ADC 12-bit ADC Sym
3.3V 2.3 0.6 Wm-2
5.0V 3.4 NA Wm-2
5.7 Electrical Installation

60. µ
’
’
’
Ω

63. 6. DashBRD: ease at your disposal
’
6.1 The purpose
6.2 Making of DashBRD
’

64. 6.3 The DashBRD Logo

65. 6.4 Operating DashBRD
“
”
6.4.1 Interfacing DashBRD to PC
6.4.2 Using DashBRD with MetView
“ ”

69. 6.5 Alarming
“ ”

70. Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0
Set Param. SPA HSTH NDPV WGTO BATUV BATOV NDWG NDMP

71. ’
6.6 The Arduino Code
“
”
void loop()
void loop()
{
handleBacklight();
displayCategory(category);
handleIR();
if (Serial1.available() > 0)
{
fictionalMode = false;
receivedBytes = Serial1.readBytes(inData, 129 );
previousDataMicros = millis();
processSerial();
}
else
{
if (millis() - previousDataMicros >=
receivedDataTimeout)
{
strCustomError = "20";
fictionalMode = true;
}
}
handleBuzzer();
}
6.6.1 handleBacklight()
“ ”

72. 6.6.2 displayCategory(category)
’
“ ”
“
”
6.6.3 handleIR()
6.6.4 processSerial()
“ ”
“ ”
6.6.5 handleBuzzer()

73. 6.7 Materials Used
6.7.1 Arduino Leonardo Pro Micro
’
6.7.2 20x4 Character LCD
6.7.3 IR Receiver

75. 7. Data Analysis
’
7.1 What is Data Accuracy
7.2 Efforts for Data Trueness

76. 7.2.1 Voltage Sensor
’

77. Output = map(input, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
Input Output10
0 0
255 64
512 128
768 191
1023 255
Vin (V) ADC value
0.0 0
5.0 406
10.0 814
20.0 1635
30.0 2465
40.0 3308
float mapFloat(float x, float in_min, float in_max, float out_min, float
out_max)
{
return (x - in_min) * (out_max - out_min) / (in_max - in_min) + out_min;
}

78. if (avg > 2465.0)
avg = mapFloat(avg, 2465.0, 3308.0, 30.0, 40.0);
else if (avg > 1635.0)
avg = mapFloat(avg, 1635.0, 2465.0, 20.0, 30.0);
.
.
else if (avg > 406.0)
avg = mapFloat(avg, 406.0, 814.0, 5.0, 10.0);
else
avg = mapFloat(avg, 0.0, 406.0, 0.0, 5.0);
7.2.2 Current Sensor
if (avg < 1318.0)
avg = mapFloat(avg, 1187.0, 1328.0, 6.0, 5.0);
else if (avg < 1470.0)
avg = mapFloat(avg, 1328.0, 1470.0, 5.0, 4.0);
.
.
.
else if (avg < 1894.0)
avg = mapFloat(avg, 1754.0, 1894.0, 2.0, 1.0);
else
avg = mapFloat(avg, 1894.0, 2034.0, 1.0, 0.0);

79. Iin (A) ADC value
0.0 2034
1.0 1894
2.0 1754
3.0 1613
4.0 1470
5.0 1328
6.0 1187
7.2.3 Temperature Sensor
Vin (mV) Temp. (°C) ADC Value
755 25.5 954
778 27.8 981
801 30.1 1011
825 32.5 1041
854 35.4 1078
877 37.7 1107
899 39.9 1136
922 42.2 1164
952 45.2 1202
975 47.5 1231
998 49.8 1259

80. if (avg < 981.0)
avg = mapFloat(avg, 954.0, 981.0, 25.5, 27.8);
else if (avg < 1011.0)
avg = mapFloat(avg, 981.0, 1011.0, 27.8, 30.1);
.
.
.
.
else if (avg < 1231.0)
avg = mapFloat(avg, 1202.0, 1231.0, 45.2, 47.5);
else
avg = mapFloat(avg, 1231.0, 1259.0, 47.5, 49.8);
7.2.4 Irradiance Sensor
Vin (mV) Irradiance (Wm-2
) ADC Value
72.4 51 86
147.7 104 183
284.0 200 355
420.3 296 528
568.0 400 713
710.0 500 892
853.4 601 1074
998.3 703 1257
1134.6 799 1429
1279.4 901 1611
1420.0 1000 1789
1567.7 1104 1975
1704.0 1200 2148

81. if (avg < 86)
{
avg = map(avg, 0, 86, 0, 51);
}
else if (avg < 183)
{
avg = map(avg, 86, 183, 51, 104);
}
.
.
.
.
else
{
avg = map(avg, 1975, 2148, 1104, 1200);
}
7.3 Efforts for Data Precision

82. 7.4 Results for Data Precision
7.5 Results for Data Trueness
7.5.1 Power Measurement
PKNOWN (W) PMEASURED (W) Error
93.8 94.3 0.5%
94.3 94.5 0.2 %
100.3 101.5 1.2 %
117.6 117.9 0.3 %
122.4 123.0 0.5 %
132.4 131.1 1.0 %
135.9 135.7 0.1 %
159.9 160.8 0.6 %
PKNOWN (W) PMEASURED (W) Error
23.4 23.8 1.7 %
39.7 40.1 1.0 %
74.7 74.3 0.5 %
100.5 99.2 1.3 %
117.2 117.0 0.2 %
125.3 125.2 0.1 %
132.8 132.5 0.2 %
148.3 147.3 0.7 %

83. 0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
6:00:00 8:00:00 10:00:00 12:00:00 14:00:00 16:00:00 18:00:00 20:00:00
Power(W)
Irradiance(Wm-2)
Time (h)
Irradiance vs Power Output
Irradiance Power Output

84. 7.5.2 Temperature Measurement
TFLUKE TSS Error Error TSS TFLUKE
TAMBIENT
33.8 °C 33.7 °C 0.1 °C 0.7 °C 45.4 °C 46.1 °C
TAMBIENT
33.6 °C 33.4 °C 0.2 °C 1.0 °C 45.9 °C 46.9 °C
33.7 °C 33.6 °C 0.1 °C 1.0 °C 46.8 °C 47.8 °C
31.0 °C 30.8 °C 0.2 °C 1.1 °C 35.5 °C 36.6 °C
31.1 °C 30.9 °C 0.2 °C 0.8 °C 35.1 °C 35.9 °C
31.5 °C 31.1 °C 0.4 °C 0.8 °C 34.6 °C 35.2 °C
31.7 °C 31.2 °C 0.5 °C 0.5 °C 34.5 °C 35.0 °C
TPV1
41.6 °C 40.7 °C 0.9 °C 0.5 °C 42.9 °C 43.4 °C
TPV1
41.2 °C 40.4 °C 0.8 °C 0.2 °C 41.9 °C 42.1 °C
41.1 °C 40.3 °C 0.8 °C 0.3 °C 42.2 °C 42.5 °C
34.0 °C 34.2 °C 0.2°C 0.4 °C 32.6 °C 33.0 °C
33.9 °C 33.8 °C 0.1 °C 0.5 °C 32.3 °C 32.8 °C
33.6 °C 33.2 °C 0.4 °C 0.4 °C 32.2 °C 32.6 °C
33.1 °C 32.9 °C 0.2 °C 0.2 °C 32.0 °C 32.2 °C

85. 8. Implementation Costs
Sys. Q Part Name USD Sys. Q Part Name USD
MetPak-
Pro
1 XBee-Pro RF Module $ 34.00
PV-
Panels
1 Arduino DUE MCU $ 28.99
1 XBee Explorer Board $ 8.99 1 XBee-Pro RF Module $ 34.00
1 5 VDC Buck Converter $ 4.50 1 XBee Explorer Board $ 8.99
1 RSLink2 RS-232 Converter $ 14.95 1 2.4 GHz Antenna $ 1.99
1 Waterproof Box $ 16.50 3 1Ω 100W Resistor $ 11.85
1 B2A Circuit Breaker $ 5.79 4 IRFZ44 MOSFET $ 2.75
1 2.4 GHz Antenna $ 1.99 3 MOSFET Heat sink $ 4.95
Shipping & Duties $ 30.00 6 2200µF 50V Cap. $ 2.97
Total $ 116.72 3 ACS712 Sensor $ 11.10
5 TMP36 Sensor $ 7.50
Rutland
913
1 Arduino DUE MCU $ 28.99 3 B16A Circuit Breaker $ 31.00
1 Protoshield & Breadboard $ 8.54 1 Resistor & Cap Assort $ 8.00
1 XBee-Pro RF Module $ 34.00 35 PCB connectors $ 30.23
1 XBee Explorer Board $ 8.99 1 Electrical Box $ 16.90
1 2.4 GHz Antenna $ 1.99 1 Breaker Din Rail $ 5.50
1 Waterproof Box 1 $ 16.50 1 Miscellaneous $ 20.00
1 Waterproof Box 2 $ 7.50 Shipping & Duties $ 45.00
1 2 Channel Relay Board $ 6.99 Total $ 271.72
1 ACS712 Current Sensor $ 3.70
1 B2A Circuit Breaker $ 5.79
Dash-
BRD
1 Arduino Pro Micro $ 10.00
1 Miscellaneous $ 5.00 1 20x4 Character LCD $ 13.40
Shipping & Duties $ 45.00 1 XBee-Pro RF Module $ 34.00
Total $ 167.99 1 XBee Explorer Board $ 8.99
1 Mini Breadboard $ 1.99
Birdges
2 XBee-Pro RF Module $ 68.00 1 IR Receiver $ 1.95
2 XBee Explorer Board $ 17.98 1 Painting Materials $ 23.28
2 2.4 GHz Antenna $ 2.98 Shipping & Duties $ 20.00
2 2W Signal Amplifier $ 59.98 Total $ 113.61
2 Antenna Post $ 25.00
2 Fuse Holder & Fuse $ 2.75 Grand Total $ 964.70
2 Junction Box $ 10.99
2 220 VAC to 5 VDC Supply $ 18.98
2 Waterproof Box $ 33.10
1 Fasteners & Misc. $ 15.00
Shipping & Duties $ 40.00
Total $ 294.66

86. 12%
17%
31%
28%
12%
Sub-system Cost Breakdown
MetPak Rutland Bridges PV-Panels DashBRD

87. 9. Conclusions and Recommendations
9.1 Conclusions
“
”
“
”

88. 9.2 Recommendations

89. References
“
”
® ® ®
’
®

90. Appendix A

91. Appendix B
MetPak Pro1
Rutland 913

92. PV-panels