Lecture at senZations'15, summer school on IoT

1. Bricks and mortar…
or how UK government, research and industry tries to
make cities smart
Klaus Moessner
Tuesday,
8
September
15
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2. Tuesday,
8
September
15
It’s always about people or ‘citizens’

3. What smart?
5 engineers, 5 solutions
5 politicians, 20 policies
5 users, 100 wishes
Or: the UK approach to make cities smart
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4. Smart sells! …. a nice title alone does not help much!
What makes a city smart?
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[REF to be provided]

5. Or the IBM view of the world
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[REF to be provided]

6. What makes a city smart?
a modern digital infrastructure
secure but open access approach to public re-useable data
access to the information citizens need, when they need it
UK gov/research and industry define 5 aspects
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7. Comms infrastructure is important
… only those who know about them!
a recognition that service delivery is improved by being citizen
centric: placing the citizen’s needs at the forefront
sharing management information to provide a coherent service,
rather than operating in a multiplicity of service silos (for example,
sharing changes of address more effectively)
offering internet service delivery where possible (at a fraction of the face
to face cost)
But who cares about services and information?
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8. Knowledge needs intelligence needs information
an intelligent physical infrastructure (“smart” systems or the Internet of
Things)
enable service providers to use the full range of data both to manage
service delivery on a daily basis and to inform strategic investment in the
city/community
for example, gathering and analysing data on whether public transport
is adequate to cope with rush hour peaks
Information needs sensing and collection
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[REF to be provided]

9. New thinking
an openness to learn from others and experiment with new
approaches and new business models
Not all old models will work, information will allow personalisation and customisation
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[REF to be provided]

10. Push services through competition
transparency of outcomes/
performance, for example,
city service dashboards to
enable citizens to compare
and challenge performance, establishment by
establishment, and borough by
borough.
Offering better services and attracting
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[REF to be provided]

11. One definition…. many interpretations
Some of UKs Smart City initiatives
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12. Back again: Smart sells! …. a nice title alone does not help much!
Nice principles, but little practical impact, so far!
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Milton
Keynes
Glasgow
London
Manchester
Bristol
Peterborough
[REF to be provided]

13. Bristol
Bristol is looking to leverage their 30Gbps fibre optic broadband network and
Bristol Uni’s supercomputer by building a sensor network on top of this
infrastructure.
As part of the ‘Bristol is Open’ project, investigate how big data can be used
to solve problems such as air pollution, traffic congestion and assisted living
for the elderly.
They are also investigating self-driving cars.
As with other cities, they want to use city data sets to invigorate the
development of new services to create ecosystems.
air pollution, traffic congestion and assisted living for the elderly
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8
September
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14. Milton Keynes
The MK:Smart project has currently installed sensors in the public bins to
notify dustmen when to empty them.
Sensors for pest control and monitoring cycle and pedestrian traffic.
Driverless vehicle technology.
The goal of the project is to innovate in the areas of transport, energy and
water management, tackling key demand issues whilst addressing the
challenges of supporting sustainable growth without exceeding the capacity
of the infrastructure, and whilst meeting key carbon reduction targets.
rubbish collection, pest control, traffic management, autonomous vehicles
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8
September
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15. Glasgow
Glasgow is building a smart city demonstrator (Future City Glasgow) for
integrated services across health, transport, energy and public safety. It will
also serve as a testbed for businesses to test new solutions which can then
be implemented in other cities.
As part of this project:
• City Data Hub – Provides entrepreneurs with almost 400 city data sets
(e.g. smart street lights) to allow them to create new services.
• Sensorised homes to help reduce energy wastage.
integrated services across health, transport, energy and public safety
Tuesday,
8
September
15
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16. Manchester
Manchester is undertaking a number of initiatives to encourage its
development as a “smart city” and is a partner in a number of European
projects with other comparable cities such as Helsinki, Barcelona,
Amsterdam, Ghent, Bologna and Cologne. The aim is to share best practice
in the use of technology to significantly improve life for the people who live
and work in our urban areas.
They are looking to develop a living lab although not much information about
it currently exists.
Living lab for best practice in the use of technology
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8
September
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17. Peterborough
Part of IBM’s Smarter Planet/Smarter Cities Initiative.
They are promoting their Peterborough DNA programme which aims to
deliver growth, innovation and sustainability for the city.
Similar to other cities promoting themselves as ‘smart’, they are creating
enablers such as these to encourage entrepreneurs to make the city a better
place.
Improve business environment
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18. London
At the core of London’s Smart City vision, it believes it must harness new technologies and its creative strengths if
the city is to adapt to meet the challenges caused by a growing population (congestion, public services, pollution,
etc.). Some of the key areas London is trying to promote itself is:
• The provision of open data. The London Datastore receives over 25,000 visits a month and over 450
transport apps alone have been created from it. The management of London’s passenger and road transport
systems is amongst the most advanced in the world. Innovations include: Congestion Charging using number
plate recognition, the intelligent road network management systems trialled during the Olympics and Wifi
on the Tube. London’s move towards digital money is bringing efficiency savings - from London Transport's
contactless Oyster card to using credit and debit cards to instantly pay for travel.
• The application of new technologies to re-use waste heat, such as from underground shafts and sub
stations, and showcasing how hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology can be an emission free way to
power London’s transport, homes and businesses.
- A centre for showcasing new technology and innovation, collaborating with London’s world class research
institutions. Examples include Siemens’ £30 million investment in the Crystal to explore how technology can
create a better future for our cities, and Intel’s investment in a Connected Cities’ institute with Imperial College
and UCL, which engages Londoners in the development and design of new technology to ensure it meets the
needs of citizens, not just cities.
Transport, and almost anything else…
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19. London
It is expected that an investment in technology and data can drive improvements in:
• Enterprise - enabling businesses to innovate and respond to these demands
• Skills – enhancing access to knowledge and training to enable Londoners to take part
• Energy & utilities – efficient and responsive management of resources, absorbing
additional pressure while reducing carbon impact
• Safety – converging technology and data to improve the safety of Londoners (e.g.
enabling cross-agency responses to emergency call outs)
• Health - new ways of providing holistic patient care and monitoring
• Transport – planning and managing journeys to reduce congestion
Why are they bothering?
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8
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20. London
a rather extreme use case
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21. Making a “grown up” city smart
London
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[data.london.gov.uk]

22. Similar views everywhere
How other approach smart cities
CityPulse
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23. Internet of Things and Data Analytics
for Smart Cities
23
Payam Barnaghi
Institute for Communication Systems (ICS)
University of Surrey
Guildford, United Kingdom

24. AnyPlace
AnyTime
AnyThing
Data
Volume
Security,
Reliability,
Trust
and
Privacy
Societal
Impacts,
Economic
Values
and
Viability
Services
and
Applica?ons
Networking
and
Communica?on

25. 25
CityPulse: Large-scale data analytics
for smart cities

26. What
type
of
problems
we
expect
to
solve
in
“smart”
ciIes

27. 27Source
LAT
Times,
hKp://documents.laImes.com/la-­‐2013/
Future cities: A view from 1998

28. 28
Source:
hKp://robertluisrabello.com/denial/traffic-­‐in-­‐la/#gallery[default]/0/
Source: wikipedia

29. Smart City Data Analysis
Analysis of thousands of traffic, pollution, weather, congestion, public transport,
waste and event sensory data to provide better transport and city
management.
Converting smart meter readings to information that can help prediction and
balance of power consumption in a city.
Monitoring elderly homes, personal and public healthcare applications.
Event and incident analysis and prediction using (near) real-time data collected
by citizen and device sensors.
Turning social media data (e.g. Tweets) related to city issues into event and
sentiment analysis.
Any many more…
29

30. Designing for City Problems

31. 101 Smart City Use-case Scenarios
hKp://www.ict-­‐citypulse.eu/page/content/smart-­‐city-­‐use-­‐cases-­‐and-­‐requirements

32. Big (IoT) Data Analytics
.
.
.
Real World Data
Smart
City
Framework
Smart
City
Scenarios

33. Data Processing and Information Extraction
Analysis
of
traffic
data
in
City
of
Aarhus
University
of
Surrey
Smart
Campus
data
analysis
TwiKer
data
analysis
for
detecIng
city
events

34. In Conclusion
Combining data from Physical, Cyber and Social sources can give more
complete, complementary data and contributes to better analysis and
insights.
Intelligent processing methods should be adaptable and able to handle
dynamic, multi-modal, heterogeneous and noisy and incomplete data.
Smart cities are complex social systems and no technological and data-
analytics-driven solution alone can solve the problems.
34

35. EU FP7 CityPulse Project:
http://www.ict-citypulse.eu/
@pbarnaghi
p.barnaghi@surrey.ac.uk

36. So what’s the lesson?
Learning from others…
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8
September
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37. Similarities and non-similarities
Data and open access are at the heart of all services
that turn a city into a smart city!
While all have similar problems, their motivations are different
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