2. Organisational Structure
An organizational structure defines how activities
such as task allocation, coordination and
supervision are directed toward the achievement
of organizational aims.
Organizational structure can also be considered as
the viewing glass or perspective through which
individuals see their organization and its
environment.
3.
4.
5. Line of Authority
Every organization appoints employees for suitable
positions on the basis of their ability and qualification.
These employees are placed at different levels or ladders
known as line of authority or hierarchy.
The line of authority makes it easy for handling decision-
making in any business house.
7. Channels of Internal Communication
Internal communication channels
include face-to-face meetings,
internal emails, newsletters and
memos, communications between
managers and employees, and
communications between peers.
11. Formal Communication
Advantages Disadvantages
Satisfy the information needs of
the organization
Integrates the organization
Coordination and centralization
Sorts the information for the high
level executives
Restricts unwanted flow of
information
Reliability and accuracy of
information
Time consuming and expensive
Increases the work load of line
supervisor
Information may get distorted
Creates gaps between top
executives and lower level
subordinates