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EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context
- 1. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 2
- 2. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 3 EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald, Markus Funk, Luke Loreti, David Mayo and Pattie Maes
- 3. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 5 Outline
- 4. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 6 Outline • Introduction and Background • Related Work • Approach: EVA • Proof-of-Concept Systems: VR and AR • Exploratory Trials • Conclusion • Acknowledgments
- 5. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 7 Introduction
- 6. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 8 Introduction Investigate the Intersection of • Exploratory Learning • Telepresence • Attention Awareness
- 7. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 9 Related Work
- 8. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 10 Related Work • Learning in AR • Collaboration with AR • Learning in VR • Remote Learning in AR/VR
- 9. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 11 Related Work: Learning in AR • AR is viable for guiding students through building molecular models • (Chastine et al, 2007) Asdf
- 10. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 12 Related Work: Collaboration in AR • Need to direct attention of user to specific point • Point may be outside current field of view • Annotations can be stabilized when viewed on a tablet • Cheng & Robinson 1998, Gauglitz 2014
- 11. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 13 Telepresence • Used for remote collaboration and performing tasks remotely. • Includes some way for remote person to engage with the environment directly. Asdf
- 12. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 14 Telepresence: Telepointer (Mann, 2000)
- 13. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 15 Telepresence: Teleadviser (Gurevich et al, 2012)
- 14. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 16 Exploratory Learning in VR • Exploratory learning is a model for engaging with learning materials and activities in immersive environments. • It is compatible with a variety of learning models, including formal and informal ones. • Greater autonomy and personalization leads to better motivation and outcomes. • de Freitas and Neumann, 2009 asda Asdf
- 15. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 20 Remote Learning in AR asda Asdf
- 16. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 21 Augmented Visual Communication Through Video Improving co-presence with augmented visual communication cues for sharing experience through video conference (Kim et al, 2014)
- 17. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 22 Remote Learning in AR with Attention Awareness TagAlong: Informal Learning from a Remote Companion with Mobile Perspective Sharing (Greenwald et al, 2015)
- 18. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 23 Approach: EVA
- 19. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 24 EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context How can giving the remote companion access to the external context and attentional state of the learner improve the learning interaction?
- 20. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 25 EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context • Class of Learning Systems in VR And AR • The learner explores an environment, shifts attention through his own volition. • The teacher or virtual companion provides relevant information • May making use of a pointing mechanism to make direct reference to elements of the environment.
- 21. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 26 EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context • The companion has access to the external context and attentional state of the learner, and she uses this to judge what input to provide, and at what point in time.
- 22. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 27 EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context • 2 x 2 Taxonomy of Affordances • Design dimensions
- 23. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 28 2 x 2 Taxonomy of Affordances
- 24. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 29 2 x 2 Taxonomy of Affordances
- 25. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 30 Design Dimensions for EVA Systems • Augmented-Virtual Spectrum • Synchronous-Asynchronous Spectrum • Active-Passive Learning Spectrum • Level of Personalization
- 26. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 31 Proof of Concept Systems: AR and VR
- 27. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 32 Proof of Concept System: AR
- 28. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 33
- 29. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 34 Proof of Concept System: VR
- 30. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 35 Proof of Concept System: VR
- 31. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 36
- 32. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 37 Exploratory Trials
- 33. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 38 Hypotheses • Overall experience in both cases will be effective and engaging. • Companion will be able to proactively give relevant information. • Persistence of markers in VR condition will be advantageous. • AR condition will effectively leverage the ability to walk around for viewing sculpture.
- 34. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 39 Exploratory Trials We conducted exploratory trials at an art museum, inviting learner participants (3 male, 4 female, ages 22 to 30), and two expert companion participants (2 female, ages 31 to 34).
- 35. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 40 Experimental Conditions
- 36. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 41 Evaluation • NASA TLX • Questionnaire • Interviews
- 37. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 42 TLX Results
- 38. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 43 Questionnaire questions • Q1: It was easy for me to make reference to objects being discussed during the conversation. • Q2: It was easy to figure out what objects the expert was referring to during the conversation. • Q3: I felt interested and engaged for the duration of the trial. • Q4: The technology platform contributed positively to the quality of the interaction. • Q5: The technology distracted me from viewing the art piece.
- 39. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 44 Questionnaire Results
- 40. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 45 Qualitative Results: Overall Experience That’s my initial gut reaction: as opposed to sitting in a classroom listening to a professor lecture, being able to be in that AR or VR space was more exciting and made me even pay closer attention to details.
- 41. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 46 Qualitative Results: Overall Experience It definitely felt like there was someone along with me while I was watching. I knew that there wasn’t anyone there, but just the fact that they could see what I was seeing was really helpful, in answering my questions, and also getting the actual tour guide experience, rather than just a voice through a microphone.
- 42. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 47 Qualitative Results: Contrasting AR and VR • Contrary to expectations, marker persistence was not advantageous. In fact it was reported to be bothersome. • The ability to point outside the field of view was useful but no much so that participants noticed this difference between the systems.
- 43. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 48 Acknowledgements • This work was supported by gifts from Google and Pearson. • Thanks to Chris Schmandt and Albrecht Schmidt for their valuable feedback.
- 44. EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald PhD Candidate scottgwald@media.mit.edu 49 EVA: Exploratory Learning with Virtual Companions Sharing Attention and Context Scott W. Greenwald, Markus Funk, Luke Loreti, David Mayo and Pattie Maes
Editor's Notes
- Introduction Related Work Approach Proof-of-Concept Systems: VR and AR Exploratory Trials Conclusion Acknowledgments
- Introduction Related Work Approach Proof-of-Concept Systems: VR and AR Exploratory Trials Conclusion Acknowledgments
- Add that we did 50/50 question-asking / lesson-based
- Add that we did 50/50 question-asking / lesson-based