6. Subject :
The something or someone that the sentence is about. It
determines the Number and the Person of the verb.
Subjects are always nouns or pronouns .
John comes late.
John and Sam come late
He comes late.
7. Predicate:
Contains information about the someone or the something
that is the SUBJECT.
The predicate includes basically a verb . It could also be
a verb with direct object/indirect object/adjective /adverb
Sara eats.
Sara eats an apple.
Sara gave me an apple.
8. English sentence basic five
structures
Subject + Verb
* The boy plays.
Subject + Verb +
Adverb
* The boy ran quickly.
Subject + Verb + Noun
* The boy is a student.
Subject + Verb +
Adjective
* The girl is pretty.
Subject + Verb +
Object
* John kicks the ball.
10. Depending on the nature of the first word the Arabic
sentence is divided into:
Nominal sentence جملة
(اسميةJumlaa ismiyaa)
In which the first word is
a Noun
محمدأكل
(Muhammad Akala)
Verbal sentence جملة
فعلية
(Jumlaa fieleeyya)
In which the first word is
a Verb
أكلمحمد
(Akala Muhammad)
11. Elements of the Nominal
sentence
it is known as Equational sentence if it doesn’t contain any
verb First component/ Mubtada
It acts like the sentence
subject and technically
referred to as (the topic).
الجوجميل
* it is definite and could be
noun or pronoun phrase or
clause.
العلمنور.
هومجتهد تلميذ
Second component /Xabar
It acts like the sentence
predicate and technically
referred to as ( the
comment)
الولدطويل
* It is mostly indefinite and
could be noun ,adjective,
verb, pronoun phrase ,
clause or even a full
sentence.
املطالبة * (noun)
المؤمنونهللا يحبهم * (full
sentence)
الجوجميل * ( adjective )
12. ELEMENTS OF VERBAL
SENTENCE
( THE COMMONEST TYPE OF SENTENCES IN ARABIC)
The verbal sentence has
three elements :
1. The verb
2. The subject
3. The object
The Verb
*can be transitive(has object). ركلاحمدالكرة or
intransitive الرجل ذهب
The Subject
*can be explicit noun عمر جاء or implied
pronoun وصل*متأخرا*(هو)
The Object
*can be a noun أكلالبرتقالة or pronoun
أخذته*الملعب إلي الطفل*( .انا)
13. Conclusion
There are of course some difference between
English and Arabic Language sentence
structure . In English a complete sentence
must have a verb while in Arabic a
sentence can stand in its own with out a
verb like that of the Nominal sentence
which could cause some problems in
translation.
The sentence
طويل الولد could be translated into The boy tall
while the correct translation is The boy is
tall.
14. References
- Brinton, Laurel J.(2000). The Structure of Modern English :A Linguistic
Introduction
- Fabb, Nigel. (2005). Sentence Structure. Routledge
- Radford, Andrew .(2010). An Introduction to English Sentence
Structure
- Alhawary, Mohammad T. (2011). Modern Standard Arabic Grammar: A
Learner’s Guide. Willey- Blackwell
- Rydin, Karin.(2005). A Reference Grammar Modern Standard Arabic.
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