3. MILESTONES
01
02
03
04
Selection of the
project that is
on trend and
can serve the
society as well.
Handling
Budget.
Gathering and
completion of
project.Collection of
material that
are required in
the project.
4. 1
REALIZATION OF IDEA
01
02
Production of refrigeration effect with the use
of Thermoelectric Module and Photovoltaic
Module for generation of energy which we can
further use for cooling and heating effect.
The most important utilization of this
portable cooler is for the preservation of
insulin in extreme conditions.
It should be pollutant free-contains no
liquids or gases, portable, compact,
creates no vibration or noise.
03
5. 1
INTRODUCTION
1. Refrigeration is the process of heat-removal from a space in
order to bring it to a lower temperature than surrounding
temperature.
2. “Peltier cooling module” works on thermoelectric
refrigeration, aims to provide cooling by using thermoelectric
effects rather than the more prevalent conventional methods
like ‘vapour compression cycle’ or the ‘vapour absorption cycle’.
3. They are entirely solid-state devices, with no moving parts. They
use no ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons, potentially offering
a more environmentally responsible.
6. 1
4. However, their efficiency is low compared to conventional
refrigerators. Thus, they are used in niche applications
where their unique advantages outweigh their low efficiency.
5. The objectives of this study is design and develop a working
thermoelectric refrigerator which provides interior cooling
that utilizes the Peltier effect to refrigerate and maintain a
selected temperature from 15 °C to 25 °C.
CONT.
7. 1
PELTIER HISTORY
1. Early 19th century scientists, Thomas Seebeck and Jean
Peltier, first found that if you place a temperature
gradient across the junctions of two dissimilar conductors,
electrical current would flow.
2. Peltier, on the other hand, learned that passing current
through two dissimilar electrical conductors, caused heat
to be either emitted or absorbed at the junction of the
materials.
3. With modern techniques, we can now produce thermos
electric efficient solid state heat-pumping for both cooling
and heating; Jean Charles Athanase Peltier
8. 1
PELTIER EFFECT
1. The Peltier effect is the main contributor to all
thermoelectric cooling applications.
2. It is responsible for heat removal and heat absorbance.
3. It states that when an electric current flows across two
dissimilar conductors, the junction of the conductors
will either absorb or emit heat depending on the flow of
the electric current.
4. The heat absorbed or released at the junction is
proportional to the input electric current.
5. The constant of proportionality is called the Peltier
coefficient.
9. 1
1. A typical thermoelectric module consists of an
array of Bismuth Telluride semiconductor
pellets that have been carrier–either positive or
negative–carries the majority of current.
2. The pairs of P/N pellets are configured so that
they are connected electrically in series, but
thermally in parallel.
3. Metalized ceramic substrates provide the
platform for the pellets and the small conductive
tabs that connect them.
PELTIER STRUCTURE
10. 1
METHOD OF HEAT
TRANSPORT
1. Electrons can travel freely in the copper conductors but not
so freely in the semiconductor.
2. As the electrons leave the copper and enter the hot-side of
the p-type, they must fill a "hole" in order to move through
the p-type. When the electrons fill a hole, they drop down to
a lower energy level and release heat in the process.
3. Then, as the electrons move from the p-type into the copper
conductor on the cold side, the electrons are bumped back
to a higher energy level and absorb heat in the process.
4. To increase heat transport, several p type or n type
thermoelectric(TE) components can be hooked up in
parallel.
11. MATERIALS USED
1
1. Peltier module
2. 12V DC Supply
3. 12V DC Fan
4. Heat Sink
5. Solar Panel
6. Insulating material
12. 1
WORKING OF THE
PROJECT
1. The fridge is provided power supply form a 12 volt DC 7.5 amps
battery or a solar panel.
2. To start the fridge, the switch on the fridge is turned on.
3. When the switch is turned on current goes through rectifier and
changes to 20 V dc.
4. Direct current is then passed through a thermoelectric module.
The junction of the inside of the refrigerator gets cold and out
junction of the peltier gets heated.
13. 1
CONT.
5. Cold sides of the both Peltier transfers the chilling effect
to the evaporator.
6. The Peltier thermoelectric Device will be so arranged in
a box with proper insulation system and heat sink so
that efficient cooling takes place at all the time.
7. To turn off the fridge, switch can be turned off.
14. 1. Outer dimensions
Length= 395mm
Breadth=285mm
Height= 250mm
2. Cabin dimensions
Length =370mm
Breadth =115mm
Height =185mm
3. Volume of the Cabin= 7871750mm3
4. Dimensions of peltier = 40mm x 40mmx 2mm
DIMENSIONS OF THE
FRIDGE
15. ADVANTAGES
1
Very little space is
required by the
cooling system. The
thermoelectric module
is the size of a
matchbook.
COMPACT SIZE
20% to 40% less
expensive than
compressor or
absorption units
LOWER PRICED:
No
chlorofluorocarbons
or refrigerant
emissions
ENVIROMENT
FRIENDLY:
Averages
approximately 4.5
amps - less than
your cars
headlights.
LOW BATTERY:
A
B
C
16. 1
DRAWBACKS
01
02
The major disadvantage of the
Peltier effect is that, it is
inefficient. The flowing current
itself tends to generate a
significant amount of heat,
which gets added to the overall
heat dissipation.
If the components of Peltier
devices are cooled too much, it
can result in condensation,
which may cause a short
circuit.
17. 1
Cooling:
1. Electronic enclosures .
2. Laser diodes .
3. Laboratory instruments .
4. Temperature baths .
5. Refrigerators .
6. Telecommunications equipment .
7. Temperature control in missiles and space
systems .
APPLICATION
18. 1
$
S.No
Name of the
Material /
Equipment
Cost Rs.
1 Peltier devices -2 660/-
2 Thermocol box 200/-
3 Battery 12v 650/-
4 Heat sink 400/-
5 Thermal paste 80/-
6 Insulating material 150/-
7 Solar Panel 600/-
Total cost Rs.2740/-
COST ANALYSIS
19. NEW
OPPORTUNITIES
With recent development taking place in
field of thermoelectric and nano-science
different thermoelectric material with high
temperature difference to be explored this
will further help to reduce the temperature,
current and can also perform better at
higher ambient conditions.
20. 1
CONCLUSION
The objective of the project is to achieve the long term cooling in case
of power failure for refrigerator.
A TER Cooling system has been designed and developed to provide
active cooling with help of single stage 12 V TE module is used to
provide adequate cooling.
Simulation tests in laboratory have validated the theoretical design
parameters and established the feasibility of providing cooling with
single stage thermoelectric cooler was tested in the environmental
chamber.
21. 1
As TER not available in open market which we can retain cooling at case
of power outage due to high current carrying capacity.
The retention time achieved was 52 min with the designed module in
this project.
In order to achieve the higher retention time, another alternative was
incorporate. This consists the additional heater on heat sink. The highest
retention time achieved was 57 mins.
CONT.
